溶洞发育地层板式基础变形数值模拟及安全距离控制研究

黄云龙; 高斌; 周行; 余喆; 何文

doi:10.11932/karst20250110

溶洞发育地层板式基础变形数值模拟及安全距离控制研究

doi: 10.11932/karst20250110

黄云龙^1,,
高斌^2, ,,
周行¹,
余喆¹,
何文²

1.
国网浙江省电力有限公司衢州供电公司, 浙江衢州 324000
2.
上海交通大学土木工程系, 上海 200240

基金项目: 国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目 (5211QZ2000U6)

详细信息

作者简介:
黄云龙（1975－），男，高级工程师，主要从事岩溶工程地质方面的科研工作。 E-mail：2522361210@qq.com

通讯作者:
高斌（1992－），男，博士，主要从事岩溶工程地质与地质灾害防治科研工作。E-mail：gaobinsd@sjtu.edu.cn。

中图分类号: P642.25
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-20
- 录用日期: 2024-02-18
- 修回日期: 2024-01-29
- 刊出日期: 2025-02-25

Numerical simulation of deformation in the development strata of karst caves for slab foundations and the control of safe distance

HUANG Yunlong^1
,,
GAO Bin^{2
, ,},
ZHOU Hang¹,
YU Zhe¹,
HE Wen²

1.
Quzhou Power Supply Company, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., LTD, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, China
2.
Civil Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

摘要

摘要: 溶洞发育地层对电力铁塔板式基础的安全性存在很大威胁。采用有限元软件，模拟了剪切发展和荷载位移曲线，揭示不同荷载组合、不同溶洞位置和不同溶洞大小下板式基础的变形机理和承载性能。选择最不利工况并结合实际工程，分析溶洞尺寸、溶洞距离板式基础的水平和竖向距离对板式基础变形机制的影响。采用正常使用极限指标地基倾斜限制值为判据，划定了溶洞发育地层板式基础破坏范围，为板式基础在岩溶地层选址提供依据。该方法可为类似岩溶地层电力铁塔板式基础的选址以及溶洞的处置具有一定参考价值。
- 溶洞 /
- 地基基础 /
- 倾斜 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 破坏机理
Abstract: Karst areas are widely distributed throughout China, and karst caves are a common karst form in these regions. As China's economy continues to develop and the demand for rural revitalization intensifies, infrastructure, such as transmission lines, often has to traverse karst areas. In the entire process of infrastructure construction, ensuring the safety of foundations in karst strata is of utmost importance. The existence of karst caves significantly increases the complexity of the deformation of slab foundations. Unfortunately, the failure modes and deformation mechanisms of these foundations in such environments remain unclear. This lack of understanding makes it extremely difficult to propose targeted prevention and control measures in engineering practice. To address this issue, finite element software PLAXIS 2D is employed to establish a numerical model of the slab foundation of electric power towers in karst strata. This model is used to simulate the development of shear bands and load-displacement curves, thereby elucidating the failure mechanisms and conducting analysis on bearing characteristics of slab foundations in karst strata.Against the backdrop of real-world projects, finite element software is utilized to determine the most adverse simulation working conditions. Key factors including relative locations, sizes, and burial depths of karst caves, have been studied to determine their influence on the deformation of transmission tower foundations. Through this research, the deformation mechanism and bearing performance of slab foundations under various load combinations, different locations of karst cave, and varying sizes of karst caves have been examined. Based on the criterion—the limit value of foundation inclination in the serviceability limit state—the failure range of slab foundations in karst strata was delineated. This delineation may provide a crucial basis for the site selection of slab foundations in karst strata. The study results show that the locations, sizes, and load types of karst caves significantly influence the development of shear bands and the failure mechanisms of foundation soil. Affected by the locations of karst caves and the varying tension and compression loads on both sides, slab foundations exhibit diverse failure modes and bearing characteristics. Whether it involves a compression-compression combination or a tension-compression combination, the shear strain will pass from the compressed side of the foundation close to the karst cave into the karst cave. This may result in the formation of an arc-shaped shear band between the karst cave and the foundation. The most unfavorable situation occurs when a karst cave is developed directly beneath a compressed foundation. In terms of the bearing capacity of the foundation in karst strata, this capacity increases as the ratio of diameter (D) to width (B) decreases. Therefore, in practical engineering, the width of the slab should be maximized relative to the diameter of the karst cave. When the ratio D/B exceeds 1, further increase of the width of the slab foundation does not significantly enhance the bearing capacity of the foundation. Additionally, the larger the radius of the karst cave and the closer it is to the foundation, the more pronounced the impact on the inclination of the transmission tower. However, it is important to note that the influence of karst caves on transmission towers is limited to a specific range. Based on the numerical results, a safety design diagram of transmission tower foundations in karst strata is proposed, delineating the safety area of slab foundations. This design diagram aids to determine the construction locations of transmission towers, which can help reduce both line costs and expenses related to karst cave treatment, providing valuable reference for line site selection. This method can provide significant guidance for the site selection of slab foundations of electric power towers in similar karst strata and the management of karst caves.For the site selection of slab foundations for electric power towers, engineers can utilize the analysis results generated by this method to comprehensively consider various factors and select the most appropriate construction location. This approach can effectively minimize the risk of foundation deformation and enhance the stability and safety of electric power towers. At the same time, this method also helps to plan and design foundation structures in advance, allowing for better adaptation to the special geological conditions of karst strata. This approach also minimize uncertainties and difficulties during subsequent construction phrases. In terms of the management of karst caves, this method provides a basis for formulating scientific and reasonable treatment plans. According to the influence of karst caves on the inclination of transmission towers and the relationship between foundation bearing capacity and parameters related to karst caves, targeted measures such as filling and reinforcement can be implemented. In addition, by delineating the failure range of slab foundations in karst strata, the areas requiring focused attention and treatment can be identified more clearly, thereby enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of karst cave treatment.
- karst cave /
- foundation /
- incline /
- numerical simulation /
- failure mechanism

HTML

图 1 板式基础

Figure 1. Slab foundation

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图 2 板式基础溶洞发育地层示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the development strata of karst caves for slab foundations

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图 3 建模流程

Figure 3. Modeling process

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图 4 板式基础无溶洞剪应变分布

Figure 4. Shear strain distribution of slab foundations with no presence of karst caves

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图 5 板式基础溶洞地层剪切应变分布

Figure 5. Shear strain distribution in the development strata of karst caves for slab foundations

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图 6 溶洞位置不同两基础受压组合

Figure 6. Compressed combination of two foundation based on different karst cave locations

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图 7 溶洞位置不同两基础拉压组合

Figure 7. Tension-compression combination of two foundations based on different karst cave locations

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图 8 不同D/B下剪切应变分布图

Figure 8. Distribution of shear strain under different ratios of diameter to width

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图 9 不同D/B下荷载位移曲线

Figure 9. Load-displacement curves under different ratios of diameter to width

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图 10 溶洞距基础底部距离的影响

Figure 10. Influence of distance from the cave to the bottom of the foundation

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图 11 不利工况下溶洞距基础底部距离变化塑性区发展

Figure 11. Development of plastic zone with change in distance from the cave to the bottom of the foundation under adverse conditions

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图 12 不利工况下溶洞半径对基础位移的影响

Figure 12. Influence of cave radius on foundation displacement under adverse conditions

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图 13 不利工况下溶洞半径对基础塑性区发展影响

Figure 13. Influence of cave radius on the development of foundation plastic zone under adverse conditions

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图 14 不利工况下溶洞距离基础水平距离对基础变形的影响

Figure 14. Influence of the horizontal distance from the cave to foundation on the deformation of the foundation under adverse conditions

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图 15 不利工况下溶洞距离基础水平距离对基础塑性区的影响

Figure 15. Influence of the horizontal distance from the cave to the foundation on the plastic zone of foundation under adverse conditions

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图 16 钻孔岩溶揭露

Figure 16. Karst exposure of boreholes

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图 17 钻探和电法揭露溶洞对照图

Figure 17. Comparison of the karst cave revealed by drilling and electrical method

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图 18 溶洞半径和距离对基础倾斜的影响

Figure 18. Influence of cave radius and distance on foundation inclination

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图 19 溶洞半径和距离对溶洞顶部位移的影响

Figure 19. Influence of karst cave radius and distance on the displacement of cave top

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图 20 溶洞距离基础水平距离对基础倾斜的影响

Figure 20. Influence of the horizontal distance from the cave to foundation on the inclination of the foundation

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图 21 溶洞地层输电塔板基础安全区域

Figure 21. Safety area of transmission tower foundations in the development strata of karst caves

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表 1 岩溶地层板式基础材料参数

Table 1. Material parameters of slab foundations in karst strata

材料容重
/kN·m⁻³ 黏聚力
/kPa 内摩擦角
/° 压缩模量
/MPa 泊松比

石灰岩 22 1500 40 1300 0.35

混凝土 25 \ \ 30000 0.2

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