晋祠泉域岩溶地下水防污性能评价与水质保护区划分

赵春红; 申豪勇; 卢海平; 王志恒; 梁永平; 唐春雷

doi:10.11932/karst2024y034

晋祠泉域岩溶地下水防污性能评价与水质保护区划分

doi: 10.11932/karst2024y034

赵春红^{1, 2, 3,},
申豪勇^{1, 2, 3},
卢海平^{1, 2, 3, ,},
王志恒^{1, 2, 3},
梁永平^{1, 2, 3},
唐春雷^{1, 2, 3}

1.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/广西岩溶资源环境工程技术研究中心, 广西桂林 541004
2.
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心/岩溶动力系统与全球变化国际联合研究中心, 广西桂林 541004
3.
广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 广西平果 531406

基金项目: 广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB21220044）；中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20230425，DD20160242，DD20190334）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵春红（1986－），女，副研究员，主要从事岩溶水文地质与水资源调查评价。E-mail：chunhong0504@163.com

通讯作者:
卢海平（1987－），男，副研究员，主要从事岩溶水文地质、环境地质调查研究工作。E-mail：luhaiping@mail.cgs.gov.cn。

中图分类号: X523；P641.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-31
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-05
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-25

Vulnerability assessment of karst groundwater in the Jinci spring area and the zoning of protected areas for water quality

ZHAO Chunhong^{1, 2, 3
,},
SHEN Haoyong^{1, 2, 3},
LU Haiping^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
WANG Zhiheng^{1, 2, 3},
LIANG Yongping^{1, 2, 3},
TANG Chunlei^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Guangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
2.
International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, National Center for International Research on Karst Dynamic System and Global Change, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
3.
Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo, Guangxi 531406, China

摘要

摘要: 晋祠泉域岩溶水是太原市生活和工农业生产等重要的水源。文章以新划分的晋祠泉域岩溶水系统为评价对象，在欧洲方法及“水量脆弱性评价”的基础上，选取包气带厚度、入渗补给强度、上覆地层岩性及岩溶含水层的富水性4个指标，进行泉域岩溶水系统防污性能评价及水质保护区划分。结果表明：泉域泉源保护区主要分布在晋祠公园及周边；一级保护区主要分布在汾河主干流、西山山前碳酸盐岩裸露区，屯兰川、天池河及柳林河碳酸盐岩渗漏段等；二级保护区主要分布在泉域北部、汾河北岸等；准保护区主要分布在汾河南岸、东南部的太原盆地地区等。
- 防污性能评价 /
- 水质保护区 /
- 岩溶地下水 /
- 晋祠泉域
Abstract: Jinci spring is a famous karst spring in Shanxi Province, and its backflow is an ecological restoration goal of the Shanxi Provincial government. Composed of Nanlao spring, Shengmu spring, and Shanli spring, Jinci spring is exposed at the foot of Xuanweng mountain in the western mountains of Taiyuan, twenty-five kilometers away from the city center, and it is a concentrated discharge point for karst water in the Jinci spring area. Karst water in the spring area is mainly supplied by atmospheric precipitation infiltration and leakage from rivers and reservoirs. Karst water in the Jinci spring area is an important water source for people's life and industrial and agricultural production in Taiyuan City. In recent years, with the intensification of climate change, large-scale development of karst water, coal mining and other human activities, especially after the construction of the second reservoir of the Fenhe river, the karst hydrogeological conditions in the spring area have undergone fundamental changes, with the spring area expanding from 2,030 km² to 2,713 km², which has affected the evaluation, management and protection of karst water resources in the spring area. The original zoning of protected areas can no longer meet the needs of water resource management and protection. Therefore, it is urgent to re-zone the protected areas and formulate corresponding protection measures. In terms of the problems on water quality and quantity, there exist differences in the causes, regions, and protective measures, and thus LIANG Yongping et al. proposed the concepts of "water quantity vulnerability" and "water quality vulnerability", as well as a method of "first classifying, and then grading" for the zoning of karst aquifer protected areas.This study focuses on the hydrogeological conditions of special recharge, runoff, and discharge in the karst water system of North China, as well as the main influencing factors of the antifouling performance of karst aquifer systems. It combines European methods and "water vulnerability assessment" to evaluate the antifouling performance. Based on infiltration duration of karst water in the unsaturated zone, leakage of rivers and reservoirs, precipitation infiltration in different regions, and replacement of karst aquifer media structure with water abundance, this study selects four factors to evaluate the antifouling performance of karst aquifers in North China, including the thickness of unsaturated zone, the amount of infiltration recharge, the lithology of overlying strata, and the water abundance of karst aquifers. Taking the newly divided karst water system in the Jinci spring area as the evaluation object, this study aims to evaluate the vulnerability of karst water system in the spring area and to zone the protected areas.The results show as follows, (1) The protected areas are mainly distributed in Jinci park and its surrounding areas. (2) The first-class protected areas are mainly distributed in the main stream of the Fenhe river, the exposed areas of carbonate rocks in the front of western mountains of Taiyuan, and the leakage sections of carbonate rocks in Tunlanchuan, the Tianchi river and the Liulin river. (3) The second-class protected areas are mainly distributed in the north of the spring area and the north bank of the Fenhe river. (4) The quasi-protected areas are mainly distributed in the south bank of the Fenhe river and the Taiyuan basin in the southeast. The newly zoned protected areas for spring water quality can provide a basis for the rational protection and scientific utilization of karst water resources in the Jinci spring area.
- vulnerability assessment /
- protected areas for water quality /
- karst groundwater /
- the Jinci spring area

HTML

图 1 晋祠泉域地质简图

Figure 1. Geological map of the Jinci spring basin

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图 2 隶属级别函数分布图

Figure 2. Distribution of membership level function

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图 3 晋祠泉域岩溶含水层防污性能分级

Figure 3. Grading of karst aquifer vulnerability in the Jinci spring area

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图 4 晋祠泉域岩溶水系统水质保护区分布图

Figure 4. Distribution of the protected areas for water quality of karst water system in the Jinci spring area

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表 1 包气带厚度及入渗补给强度分级表

Table 1. Grading of thickness of unsaturated zone and infiltration recharge intensity

级别	5~4	4~3	3~2	2~1	1~0
包气带厚度/m	0~37	37~185	185~370	370~740	740~951.33
入渗补给强度/mm·a⁻¹	2 378.80~200	200~150	150~100	100~50	50~0

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表 2 各河流多年平均渗漏量

Table 2. Average annual seepage volume of each river

位置	渗漏长度 /km	多年平均渗漏量/m³·s⁻¹	单位面积上渗漏量/mm·a⁻¹
汾河罗家曲—镇城底段	21.61	0.5000	364.83
汾河寨上—扫石段	18.61	0.4700	398.22
汾河二库（晋祠泉域内）	/	1.4477	2 378.80
天池河	6.04	0.0330	172.30
屯兰川	3.75	0.0400	336.38
柳林河	3.24	0.0570	554.80
其他支流	5.21	0.0230	139.22

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表 3 上覆地层岩性及富水性分级表

Table 3. Grading of lithology of overlying strata and water abundance

级别	4.5	3.5	2.5	1.5	0.5
上覆地层岩性	河床砂砾石区	中奥陶统碳酸盐岩裸露区	中、上寒武及下奥陶统碳酸盐岩裸露区	碳酸盐岩覆盖区	碳酸盐岩埋藏区及非碳酸盐岩区
单位涌水量/m³·d⁻¹ （富水性）	≥5 000 （极强富水性）	3 000~5 000 （强富水性）	1 000~3 000 （中等富水性）	100~1 000 （弱富水性）	<100（贫水性）

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表 4 其余2个指标的级别特征值

Table 4. Level eigenvalues of the other two indicators

指标	级别特征值x_j
指标	1	2	3	4	5	6
包气带厚度/m	951.33	740	370	185	37	0
入渗补给强度/mm·a⁻¹	0	50	100	150	200	525.6

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表 5 评价结果

Table 5. Evaluation results

级别	污染程度	保护区级别	保护区面积/km²	面积占比/%
4~5	极易污染区	泉源保护区	2.06	0.08
3~4	较易污染区	水质一级保护区	89.55	3.30
2~3	稍难污染区	水质二级保护区	975.59	35.96
1~2	较难污染区	水质二级保护区	975.59	35.96
0~1	极难污染区	水质准保护区	1 645.38	60.66

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