岩溶库区不同植被类型土壤碳、氮及其组分特征

周玮; 姜霞; 姚世菊; 张艳

doi:10.11932/karst2024y030

岩溶库区不同植被类型土壤碳、氮及其组分特征——以贵阳市花溪水库为例

doi: 10.11932/karst2024y030

周玮^1,,
姜霞²,
姚世菊¹,
张艳¹

1.
贵州民族大学生态环境工程学院, 贵州贵阳 550025
2.
贵州省林业科学研究院, 贵州贵阳 510004

基金项目: 贵州省教育厅成长人才项目（黔教合KY字[2018]136）；贵州省科技厅基础研究项目[黔科合基础[2018]1072]

详细信息

作者简介:
周玮（1982－），女，博士，副教授，研究方向：土壤生态，森林土壤。E-mail：605466767@qq.com

中图分类号: S153.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-15
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-25

Characteristics of soil carbon, nitrogen and their components under different vegetation types in the karst reservoir area: A case study of Huaxi reservoir in Guiyang

1.
College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
2.
Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang, Guizhou 510004, China

摘要

摘要: 在贵阳市花溪水库附近选择3种植被类型（草地、灌丛、竹林）作为研究对象，探究3种植被类型下不同土层中土壤碳、氮含量及其不同活性组分的特征。结果表明：植被对碳、氮及其组分（除铵态氮外）影响显著，随植被类型变化（草地→灌丛→竹林）有机碳及其各活性组分含量逐渐增加，A层>B层；竹林中有机碳含量为36.16 g·kg⁻¹、29.68 g·kg⁻¹，明显高于草地中的20.48 g·kg⁻¹、18.24 g·kg⁻¹；草地中微生物碳含量仅占竹林的54%及49%，水溶性碳在有机碳中的比例最小（0.04%~0.11%），其次是微生物量碳；微生物量氮所占比例最少，仅占全氮中的0.02%~0.20%，随植被变化（草地→灌丛→竹林）微生物量氮含量逐渐增加，硝态氮含量逐渐降低，铵态氮的含量远高于硝态氮的含量，微生物量氮与碱解氮的含量随土层加深含量降低，全氮含量增加。土壤的C/ N在8.49~21.52之间，在A层中表现为草地<灌丛<竹林，A层>B层。因此，植被类型对岩溶地区的土壤质量及附近水域均会产生影响，在岩溶水源涵养区，竹林及灌丛更有利于保持水土及附近水域的水质，草地不适合作为岩溶地区生态修复的植被类型。
- 花溪水库 /
- 水源涵养区 /
- 土壤碳、氮 /
- 活性组分 /
- 微生物量氮
Abstract: The study area is located in the water conservation area of Huaxi reservoir in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province. Soil in this area is developed from limestone with the soil thickness varying greatly from 0 cm to 103.5 cm. Rocks are exposed in some parts of the area. Because the study area has been closed off to prevent deterioration, the vegetation is well protected. The main vegetation types are grassland, shrubs and bamboo forest. In order to understand the relationship between soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents and their components in the karst reservoir area, we analyzed the decomposition characteristics of soil organic matter in the karst area. The result can provide theoretical support for ecological restoration and conservation of water supply in the karst area.In Huaxi reservoir, we chose three typical vegetation types—grassland, shrubbery and bamboo forest—as the research objects. We selected 3–5 duplicates from every different vegetation plot, and studied the soil carbon and nitrogen contents and active components of these three vegetation types in two layers (Layer A and Layer B). The results showed that there were significant effects for different vegetation on carbon and nitrogen and their components (except for AN). With the change of vegetation types (grassland→shrubbery→bamboo forest), the content of organic carbon and its active components gradually increased (Layer A>Layer B). TOC contents in bamboo forest (36.16 g·kg⁻¹ and 29.68 g·kg⁻¹) were higher than those in grassland (20.48 g·kg⁻¹ and 18.24 g·kg⁻¹). MBC contents in grassland was 54 percent and 49 percent of that in bamboo forest. The proportion of WSOC in total organic carbon was the smallest (0.04%–0.11%), among which the content of WSOC in bamboo forest accounted for a relatively high proportion (0.11%). The proportion of microbial biomass nitrogen was the second, which accounted for a relatively higher proportion in shrubbery (0.99% in layer A and 1.42% in layer B), but the lowest in bamboo forest (0.88% in Layer A and 0.89% in Layer B). The proportion of microbial biomass nitrogen was the least, accounting for only 0.02%–0.20% of total nitrogen. With the restoration (grassland→shrubbery→bamboo forest), MBN contents increased gradually, and the content of ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$−N in Layer A gradually reduced. The contents of microbial biomass nitrogen in bamboo forest (3.48 mg·kg⁻¹ and 3.12 mg· kg⁻¹) were significantly higher than those in shrubbery and grassland. The content of ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$−N in grassland was higher than that in bamboo forest (2.24 mg·kg⁻¹). The content of NH$_4^{+}$−N was much higher than that of ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$−N. The content of nitrate nitrogen was more than 10 times that of NH$_4^{+}$−N. With the layer deepening, the contents of MBN and AN reduced, but the TN content increased. Among the ratios of different nitrogen components to total nitrogen, the ratio of AN to TN was the highest (3.38%–6.93%). The ratio of NH$_4^{+}$−N to TN was higher than that of ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$−N to TN, and the ratio of microbial nitrogen was the lowest, accounting for only 0.03% in shrubbery and grassland. In Layer A, the ratio of C to N was from 8.49 to 21.52, showing as grassland<shrubbery<bamboo forest, and layer A>layer B. In layer B, the ratio was between 8.49 to 11.06, showing as shrubbery<grassland<bamboo forest.The results indicate that the vegetation types can affect the contents of carbon and nitrogen and their components. The vegetation of bamboo forest and shrubbery is conducive to the decomposition and absorption of soil carbon and nitrogen and can reduce the loss of soil and water. Therefore, the vegetation of bamboo forest and shrubbery can maintain water quality in the reservoir. Grassland is not suitable for ecological restoration in the karst area. However, this study only analyzes carbon and nitrogen and their components in different vegetation types, but does not explore changes of soil phosphorus content, microorganism content and plant root exudate, which needs further research.
- Huaxi reservoir /
- water conservation areas /
- soil carbon and nitrogen /
- active component /
- microbial biomass nitrogen

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图 1 不同植被下总有机碳、水溶性有机碳、活性有机碳及微生物量碳含量

Figure 1. Contents of TOC, WSOC, AOC and MBC under different vegetation types

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图 2 不同植被下土壤C/ N比值

Figure 2. Ratios of component C to N under different vegetation types

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表 1 样地基本情况

Table 1. Basic situations of the sampling plots

植被类型	主要植物	坡位	pH	含水量/%
草地	白蒿（Herba Artimisiae Sieversianae）蚊子草（Filipendula palmata Maxim.）黑蒿（Artemisia palustris Linn）蛇莓（Du- chesnea indica）野地瓜藤（Caulis Fici Tikouae）鬼针草（Herba Bidentis Bi- pinnatae）附地菜（Trigonotis peduncularis）	中上部	7.2	16.8
灌丛	火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana) 野蔷薇(Rosa multiflora Thunb) 荚迷(Viburnum dilatatum Thunb) 鼠李（Rhamnus avurica Pall）小叶女贞（Ligustru- mquihoui Carr.）	中部	7.1	18.0
竹林	黔竹（Dendrocalamus tsiangii (McClure) Chia et H. L. Fung）女贞（Ligustrum lucidum）油桐（Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw）楸树（Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey.）梓木（Sassafras tzumu (Hemsl.) Hemsl.）朴树（Celtis sinensis Pers.）构树（Broussonetia papyrifera）	中下部	7.1	18.3

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表 2 不同植被类型下土壤氮素及其组分含量

Table 2. Contents of TN, AN, ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$-N, NH$_4^{+}$-N and MBN under different vegetation types

植被类型	层次	全氮（TN）/ g·kg⁻¹	碱解氮（AN） / mg·kg⁻¹	硝态氮（${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$-N ）/mg·kg⁻¹	铵态氮（NH$_4^{+}$-N） /mg·kg⁻¹	微生物量氮（MBN ）/ mg·kg⁻¹
竹林	A	1.68a	116.13a	2.46a	67.15a	3.48a
竹林	B	2.71b	99.54b	1.51b	68.10a	3.12a
灌丛	A	2.12b	97.9b	3.35a	77.19a	0.74b
灌丛	B	2.49b	84.18c	6.00c	68.04a	0.68b
草地	A	1.56a	108.08a	4.70a	71.93a	0.66b
草地	B	1.68a	99.79b	1.97b	79.32a	0.54b

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表 3 不同植被下碳组分与总有机碳的比值(%)

Table 3. Ratios of component C to TOC under different vegetation types

植被类型	层次	AOC_1/3/TOC	AOC_1/6/TOC	AOC_1/30/TOC	WSOC/TOC	MBC/TOC
竹林	A	2.50	2.56	0.70	0.11	0.88
竹林	B	2.74	2.61	0.48	0.10	0.89
灌丛	A	3.02	2.08	1.26	0.09	0.99
灌丛	B	2.64	2.16	1.40	0.08	1.42
草地	A	3.17	2.39	1.13	0.08	0.92
草地	B	2.52	2.26	1.26	0.04	1.10

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表 4 不同植被下土壤氮组分与全氮的比值(%)

Table 4. Ratios of component N to TN under different vegetation types

植被类型	层次	AN/TN	${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$-N/TN	NH$_4^{+}$-N/TN	MBN/TN
竹林	A	6.91	0.15	4.00	0.21
竹林	B	3.67	0.06	2.51	0.12
灌丛	A	4.62	0.16	3.64	0.03
灌丛	B	3.38	0.24	2.73	0.03
草地	A	6.93	0.30	4.61	0.04
草地	B	5.94	0.12	4.72	0.03

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