Field experiment on the attenuation rule of main frequency for mining blasting vibration in the karst area
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摘要: 为减小岩溶区采矿爆破施工中振动产生的地表塌陷灾害影响，文章根据岩溶区矿山爆破振动现场实测数据，采用傅里叶变换及回归分析方法，对比分析塌陷区与非塌陷区爆破振动主频率的衰减规律，以讨论岩土体性质、震中距及爆破药量对爆破振动主频率特性的影响。结果表明：岩土体性质对爆破振动主频率存在较大影响，表现为结构愈松散、孔隙度愈大、密实度愈小，其爆破振动主频率和振动能量衰减得愈快；同一次爆破中，在塌陷区外及塌陷回填区内，所获得的振动主频率随其震中距的增加而呈减小趋势，而在塌陷区内，并非严格衰减，出现波动现象，略有上升趋势；在塌陷区与非塌陷区，爆破振动主频率随着震中距和药量的增加而减小；在同一振动荷载作用下，爆破振动主频率在塌陷区的衰减速度明显大于非塌陷区，且爆破药量在塌陷区内对爆破振动主频率衰减速度的影响更大。Abstract:
The study area is located within the Gudan lead-zinc mining region of Rong'an county, Guangxi. This area falls under the subtropical monsoon climate zone, experiencing four distinct seasons with abundant rainfall. It is characterized by a karst landscape of peak-cluster valleys, with undulating topography and a relative elevation difference of about 300 m. The study area is located in the gently flexural fold structure of rock strata from Siding to Tunqiu in a nearly north-south direction. The secondary small-scale fold structures are developed in a normal way, but fault structures are well developed, consisting of two main groups in north–south and north–east directions. The overlying soil layer mainly consists of clay soil, while the underlying bedrock is made up of sandstone, quartz sandstone, dolomite and gray rock. Karst is well developed primarily in exposed form, followed by buried type. The distribution trend of karst is in accordance with the fault structure of the area. Karst development is subject to lithology, and slows down with the increase of depth. Many surface collapses have occurred on a large scale in the study area. Karst fissure water is the primary groundwater, mainly existing in the limestone of Donggangling Formation (D2d) of the Middle Devonian. Groundwater is recharged by atmospheric precipitation and replenished vertically through surface weathering fissures, karst caves, funnels and sinkholes. The karst fissures well developed at the shallow part serve as conduits for groundwater recharge and karst formation. This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between the main frequency for mining blasting vibration and various influencing factors in the karst area. The attenuation patterns of the main frequency of blasting vibration in collapse areas, backfilled areas, and non-collapse areas have been investigated, with the aim of providing suggestions for the prevention and control of surface subsidence in the karst mining area. The field data on blasting vibration were collected with the use of the engineering exploration detector of SWS-type multi-wavelength digital image and the ABEM Terrafo Mark6 seismometer. To determine the main frequency of blasting vibration at different measurement points under different conditions, the collected data were analyzed by WinWave software from Guilin University of Technology, supplemented by Matlab software. This facilitated the establishment of the relationship between the main frequency for mining blasting vibration and the influencing factors of mining in the karst area. The results indicate that the properties of the rock and soil have a significant effect on the main frequency of blasting vibration, which can be manifested that the looser the structure is, the larger the porosity becomes, and the smaller the compactness is, and thus the faster the attenuation of the main frequency and vibration energy of blasting vibration will be. In addition, the main vibration frequency f tends to decrease with the increase of epicentral distance R in the outer subsidence area and the subsidence backfill area. However, the main vibration frequency shows a fluctuation and a slight upward trend within the subsidence area. Furthermore, the frequency formula of blasting vibration was verified that this formula is of high reference value for testing mining blasting vibration in karst collapse areas. In collapse and non-collapse areas, the main frequency of blasting vibration decreased with the increase of epicenter distance and dosage of explosive. Under the same vibration load, the attenuation rate of the main frequency of blasting vibration in the collapse is significantly higher that than that in the non-collapse area. The impact of explosive dosage on the attenuation rate of the main frequency of blasting vibration is greater in the collapse area compared to the non-collapse area. -
Key words:
- karst area /
- blasting vibration /
- main vibration frequency /
- transmission speed /
- Fourier transform /
- attenuation law
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图 7 同次爆破中塌陷区外f-R关系图
Figure 7. Diagram of the f-R relationship outside the collapse area in the same blasting
图 8 同次爆破中塌陷区内f-R关系图
Figure 8. Diagram of the f-R relationship in the collapse area in the same blasting
图 9 同次爆破中塌陷回填区内f-R关系图
Figure 9. Diagram of the f-R relationship in the collapse backfill area in the same blasting
图 10 非塌陷区（矿山山顶）爆破振动主频率随距离、药量的变化规律
Figure 10. Variation of the main frequency of blasting vibration in non-collapse area (top of the mine) with distance and explosive dosage
图 11 塌陷区爆破振动主频率随距离、药量的变化规律
Figure 11. Variation of the main frequency of blasting vibration in the collapse area with distance and explosive dosage
表 1 现场数据采集参数
Table 1. Acquisition parameters of field data
仪器型号 采样率/ms 长度/ms 道数/道 SWS型多波列数字图像工程勘探与工程检测仪（+315 m窿道口） 1 8 192 24 SWS型多波列数字图像工程勘探与工程检测仪（+415 m塌陷处） 4 32 768 24 ABEM Terrafo Mark6型地震仪(+415 m塌陷处) 2 32 768 34 
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表 2 Ⅱ号测线测试数据统计表
Table 2. Statistics of test data of No. II line
道数 震中距R/m 主频f/Hz 测点高程H/m 道数 震中距R/m 主频f/Hz 测点高程H/m 1 128.33 48.5 413.70 18 128.94 48.4 415.10 2 129.42 51.7 414.00 19 128.77 48.5 414.80 3 130.10 27.5 414.20 20 128.96 32.0 414.50 4 129.18 30.3 413.90 21 128.83 28.9 414.30 5 128.68 30.6 413.70 22 130.44 30.5 414.00 6 125.56 25.8 413.40 23 131.83 36.0 413.70 7 125.55 27.4 413.00 24 134.43 34.5 414.10 8 124.86 27.5 412.90 25 124.21 19.4 414.60 9 124.27 25.7 413.30 26 137.23 37.2 414.90 10 125.06 30.3 413.80 27 141.01 33.4 415.40 11 125.33 42.6 414.10 28 146.48 25.8 415.80 12 125.07 47.1 414.50 29 152.17 29.1 416.40 13 125.55 41.9 414.70 30 150.30 25.8 416.70 14 124.92 47.0 414.90 31 143.65 26.1 416.90 15 125.74 40.4 415.10 32 142.78 32.2 417.40 16 127.43 42.5 415.00 33 144.25 25.7 417.50 17 127.80 45.8 415.30 34 139.39 25.8 417.00
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