综合物探方法在碎屑岩地区找水中的应用

郑智杰; 曾洁; 甘伏平; 陈吉礼; 卢秀华

doi:10.11932/karst2024y008

综合物探方法在碎屑岩地区找水中的应用——以云南宣威大路边村为例

doi: 10.11932/karst2024y008

郑智杰^{1, 2, 3,},
曾洁^{1, 3, ,},
甘伏平^{1, 3},
陈吉礼⁴,
卢秀华^{1, 3}

1.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心，广西桂林 541004
2.
合肥工业大学，安徽合肥 230009
3.
广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，广西平果 531406
4.
广西壮族自治区三〇七核地质大队, 广西贵港 537100

基金项目: 基本科研业务费项目“采集参数变化对跨孔电磁波CT响应特征的影响研究”（2022002）；广西重点研发计划项目“漓江流域峰丛谷地水资源安全保障关键技术研发与示范”（2020AB22013）；中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目“雪峰隆起西南缘氦气成因类型及富集规律研究”（JKYQN202372）

详细信息

作者简介:
郑智杰（1987－），男，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向：物探方法应用。E-mail：zhengzhijie@mail.cgs.gov.cn

通讯作者:
曾洁（1986－），女，硕士，副研究员，研究方向：水文地质。E-mail：zengjie@mail.cgs.gov.cn。

中图分类号: P642.22；P631.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-20
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-10
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-30

Application of comprehensive geophysical prospecting method to water detection in the clastic rock area of Dalubian village, Xuanwei, Yunnan Province

ZHENG Zhijie^{1, 2, 3
,},
ZENG Jie^{1, 3
, ,},
GAN Fuping^{1, 3},
CHEN Jili⁴,
LU Xiuhua^{1, 3}

1.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
2.
Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
3.
Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo, Guangxi 531406, China
4.
No.307 Nuclear Geological Brigade of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, China

摘要

摘要: 为探索地球物理方法在碎屑地区找水应用的有效性，文章以云南宣威大路边村为研究对象，选取高密度电阻率法、联合剖面法、音频大地电磁法对碎屑岩层进行找水研究。结果表明：三叠系上统飞仙关组（T₁f）碎屑岩富水性中等，含水性较均匀；受地面场地狭窄限制，高密度电法及联合剖面法测线长度有限，探测深度较浅，受碎屑岩电阻率小的影响，其找水应用效果不佳，在可探测的深度范围内较难识别基岩裂隙等找水有效异常，需结合其他物探方法甄别异常；音频大地电磁法找水应用效果相对较好，具有较高的横向分辨率，可有效识别碎屑岩中的断裂破碎带及构造裂隙带，表现为相对低阻异常特征；视电阻率单支测深曲线能有效分辨不同深度的岩土层结构，具有较高的纵向分辨率，对裂隙破碎带有较好指示意义。在地面场地较为狭窄的碎屑岩地区开展找水工作，音频大地电磁法结合视电阻单支测深曲线能取得较好效果，以音频大地电磁法确定碎屑岩地区中的裂隙发育带位置，以视电阻单支测深曲线确定裂隙发育带的深度。
- 高密度电阻率法 /
- 联合剖面法 /
- 音频大地电磁法 /
- 视电阻率测深曲线 /
- 碎屑岩 /
- 找水
Abstract: The development of fractured and fissured zones characterized by strong water abundance is limited in the clastic rock aquifer with generally poor water-rich properties. Additionally, the small contrast in electrical properties between the water storage structures and the clastic rock makes water detection difficult. In order to explore the effectiveness of geophysical methods in water detection in clastic rock areas, the high-density resistivity method, combined with profile method and audio frequency magnetotelluric method (EH4) are used to study the water detection in clastic rock strata in Dalubian village, Xuanwei, Yunnan Province. The study findings may provide a theoretical basis for the selection of geophysical methods under the same site condition and the same geological background so as to avoid blind method selection and to save time and cost.The study area is located in Xuanwei county, Yunnan Province, belonging to the Beipan river basin. The terrain is low in the north and high in the south, with large undulations and a height difference of 150–250 m. The terrain falls into the type of the eroded middle-mountain trough valley. The exposed strata in the study area are purplish red or greyish-green sandy mudstone, mudstone, sandstone interbedded with limestone, mudstone, etc. of the lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation(T₁f). The study area is located in the northwest wing of Tianba syncline, about 1 km away from the core. The core is composed of the Feixianguan Formation (T₁f) of the lower Triassic, and the two wings are composed of the Carboniferous (C) to Permian (P) strata. The main aquifer in the study area is composed of purplish red or greyish green sandy mudstone, mudstone, and sandstone layers of the Feixianguan Formation (T₁f) in the lower Triassic, with fractures as the main aquifer medium. The fractured aquifer is mainly composed of insoluble hard and brittle rock layers in clastic rocks, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks. Interbedded fractured aquifers, fractured aquifers, and weathered fractured aquifers are commonly present. Atmospheric precipitation infiltrates along cracks and joints to recharge groundwater, with runoff direction from south to north, and is ultimately enriched in valleys. The study area is located near the core of the Tianba syncline, with well-developed joints and fractures, and a large storage space for groundwater.The results show that the clastic rocks of Feixianguan Formation (T₁f) in the upper Triassic system are at medium-level water abundance, with uniform water content. Constrained by the narrow ground, the lengths of survey lines in high-density electrical method and the combined profiling method are limited, and hence the small detecting depths. Affected by the small resistivity of clastic rocks, the effect of using high-density electrical method and combined profile method in water detection is not good, because it is difficult to identify effective anomalies such as bedrock fractures within the detectable depth range by these methods. Therefore, it is necessary for us to combine other geophysical methods to effectively distinguish the anomalies. The audio frequency magnetotelluric method with high lateral resolution can effectively identify the development sections of structural fault fracture zones and fracture zones in clastic rocks. The anomaly is characterized by relatively low resistance. The apparent resistivity sounding curve, with a high vertical resolution and good indication significance for fracture, can effectively distinguish the structure of rock and soil layers at different depths. To carry out water detection in the clastic rock area with relatively narrow ground site, the audio frequency magnetotelluric method combined with apparent resistivity sounding curve can achieve good results. The audio frequency magnetotelluric method can determine the location of fracture development zone in clastic rock areas, and apparent resistivity sounding curve can determine the depth of fracture development zone.
- high-density resistivity method /
- combined profile method /
- audio frequency magnetotelluric method /
- apparent resistivity sounding curve /
- clastic rock /
- water detection

HTML

图 1 研究区水文地质简图(a)及物探测线布置图(b)

1. 物探测区 2. 地层及地层界线 3. 查明断层/推测断层 4. 地下水流方向 5.下降泉/上升泉 6. 碎屑岩裂隙含水层 7. 岩浆岩裂隙含水层 8. 碳酸盐岩岩溶含水层 9. 碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩岩溶裂隙含水层 10. 测线(点号/线号) 11. 测线方位 12. 水沟 13. 冲沟 14. 村路

Figure 1. Hydrogeological map of the study area (a) and line layout map of geophysical prospecting (b)

1. geophysical prospecting area 2. strata and stratigraphic boundaries 3. fault identification/fault prediction 4. direction of groundwater flow 5. descending spring/ascending spring 6. clastic fractured aquifer 7. magmatic fissure aquifer 8. karst aquifer of carbonate rock 9.carbonate rock with karst fissure aquifer of clastic rock 10. survey line (point/line number) 11. survey line orientation 12. ditch 13. gully 14. village road

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图 2 联合剖面法视电阻率曲线图

Figure 2. Apparent resistivity curve of combined profile method

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图 3 高密度电阻率法视电阻率反演等值线断面图

Figure 3. Contour section of inversion of apparent resistivity by high-density resistivity method

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图 4 音频大地电磁法反演视电阻率等值线断面图（a）及地质解释剖面图（b）

Figure 4. Contour section of inversion of apparent resistivity by audio magnetotelluric method (a) and geological profile (b)

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图 5 270 m测点视电阻率单支测深曲线综合解译图

Figure 5. Diagram of comprehensive interpretation of apparent resistivity sounding curve at 270-meter position

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表 1 岩土层电阻率物性参数表

Table 1. Resistivity parameter of rock and soil layer

介质类型	电阻率变化范围/Ω·m	电阻率平均值/Ω·m
黏土	10~100	55
泥岩	10~20	15
粉砂岩、细砂岩	10~100	50
中砂岩	100~250	120
粗砂岩	100~450	280
砾岩	100~410	250
充水充泥裂隙	80~200	60~120
注：据《广西碎屑岩地区电法找水实例》。 Note: Based on "A case study of water prospecting by electrical method in clastic rock areas of Guangxi".

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表 2 270 m测点钻孔岩土体特征表

Table 2. Table of rock and soil characteristics at the drilling hole of 270-meter position

钻孔深度/m	岩土体特征
0~4.1	第四系（Q）黄褐色黏土、耕植土
4.1~111.0	三叠系下统飞仙关组（T₁f）灰绿、紫红色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩夹少量灰岩
111.0~195.0	二叠系上统宣威组（P₃x）深灰、灰绿色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩夹炭质泥岩、页岩
其中：92.4~93.8 m裂隙发育，为该井的主要出水段；12.6~13.5 m裂隙较发育，为钻孔的次要出水段。

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