地质灾害隐患早期识别中的地质环境条件遥感解译及应用

杨妍妨; 居和建; 程洋; 王永; 阎书豪; 王珊珊; 李芹

doi:10.11932/karst20240613

地质灾害隐患早期识别中的地质环境条件遥感解译及应用——以华坪县为例

doi: 10.11932/karst20240613

杨妍妨^{1, 2,},
居和建³,
程洋^{1, 2, ,},
王永^{1, 2},
阎书豪⁴,
王珊珊⁴,
李芹^{5, 6, 7}

1.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 广西桂林 541004
2.
广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 广西平果 531406
3.
南宁理工学院, 广西桂林 541004
4.
中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心, 北京 100083
5.
云南省高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室(筹), 云南昆明 650216
6.
自然资源部高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室, 云南昆明 650216
7.
云南省地质环境监测院, 云南昆明 650216

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（U21A2041)；中国地质调查局项目（DD20230441）；广西重点研发计划项目（2020AB22013）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨妍妨（1992－），女，硕士，工程师，从事岩溶地质探测技术研究与应用工作。E-mail：yangyanfang@mail.cgs.gov.cn

通讯作者:
程洋（1987－），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事遥感地质工作。E-mail：chengyang@mail.cgs.gov.cn。

中图分类号: P694；P237
计量
- 文章访问数: 24
- HTML浏览量: 9
- PDF下载量: 6
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-01
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-25

Remote sensing interpretation and application of geological environment conditions in early identification of potential geo-hazards: A case study of Huaping county

YANG Yanfang^{1, 2
,},
JU Hejian³,
CHENG Yang^{1, 2
, ,},
WANG Yong^{1, 2},
YAN Shuhao⁴,
WANG Shanshan⁴,
LI Qin^{5, 6, 7}

1.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/ Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/ International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
2.
Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo, Guangxi 531406, China
3.
Nanning College of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
4.
China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China
5.
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China
6.
Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area, MNR, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China
7.
Yunnan Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China

摘要

摘要: 地质灾害隐患早期识别的主要任务是从实际的地质环境出发，研判地质环境因素变化可能产生新的地质灾害，对其进行科学预测以降低灾害发生几率。文章在实践工作基础上，结合已有规范、标准，构建由地形地貌、地质构造、地层岩性、水文地质、土地利用、人类活动、不良地质现象7类地质环境条件组成、服务于地质灾害隐患早期识别工作的县域地质环境遥感解译体系，并利用北京二号高分辨率光学遥感影像建立地质环境条件全要素解译标志，完成县域环境地质遥感解译。基于县域地质环境解译结果，总结归纳采用7类地质环境要素解译研判单体隐患的工作内容及步骤，并以云南省丽江市华坪县八德村滑坡隐患为示范案例，展示地质环境遥感解译工作如何服务于单体地质灾害隐患早期识别与风险评价。
- 地质环境 /
- 遥感 /
- 解译标志 /
- 八德村滑坡隐患 /
- 早期识别
Abstract: Huaping county is located in the mountains bordering the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau, where geo-hazards occur frequently. In order to understand the background of disaster generation and the laws of their occurrence, as well as to enhance the accuracy of early identification of potential geo-hazards and reduce the likelihood of disasters, this study has developed a county-level system for remote sensing interpretation of the geological environment. This system is designed for the early identification of potential geo-hazards, based on practical work and existing norms and standards. Additionally, this study has established a set of full-element interpretation signs for geological environment conditions in Huaping county by utilizing Beijing-2 High-Resolution Optical Remote Sensing Images, thereby completing the remote sensing interpretation of the geological environment in Huaping county. Based on the interpretation results of the geological environment in this county, this study examines the potential landslide hazards in Bade village, Huaping county, as a case study. It demonstrates how remote sensing interpretation of the geological environment facilitates the early identification and risk assessment of potential geo-hazards occurring in a single geographic unit. The overall findings of this study are as follows:(1) The remote sensing interpretation system of county-level geological conditions, based on potential geo-hazards, can be summarized and classified into seven categories: topography and geomorphology, geological structure, stratum lithology, hydrogeology, land use, human activities, and adverse geological phenomena.(2) With the use of seven categories of geological environment elements, the process of interpreting and assessing potential disasters in a single geographic unit can be summarized as the following steps. First, the characteristics of surface deformation, and indicators of topography and geomorphology were analyzed to determine the activity and the topographic associated with the occurrence of potential geo-hazards. Second, based on the four kinds of indicators of geological structure, stratum lithology, hydrogeological conditions, and adverse geological phenomena, hidden dangers in the disaster environment were assessed. Third, with the use of two indicators of human activities and land use, the type of the hidden bearing body and the associated hazards were evaluated. Finally, the risk level of the hidden danger was evaluated based on the activity and the potential harm involved. It is important to note that this assessment was conducted indoors, and the final risk level must be verified in the field.(3) Conducting a full-element optical remote sensing interpretation of geological environment can rapidly and accurately assess the disaster-bearing conditions of specific geo-hazards in a single geographical unit such as the potential landslides in Badu village, Huaping county. This approach can significantly enhance the accuracy of early identification of potential geo-hazards and holds significant importance for identifying such geo-hazards in the mountainous areas of Southwest China. It is recommended to implement a thorough remote sensing interpretation.
- geological environment /
- remote sensing /
- interpretation signs /
- potential landslides of Bade village /
- early identification

HTML

图 1 华坪县典型地形地貌遥感影像图

Figure 1. Remote sensing images of typical landforms in Huaping county

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图 2 华坪县典型地质构造遥感影像图

Figure 2. Remote sensing images of typical geological structures in Huaping county

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图 3 华坪县典型地层岩性遥感影像图

Figure 3. Remote sensing images of typical lithology in Huaping county

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图 4 华坪县典型水文地质遥感影像图

Figure 4. Remote sensing images of typical hydrogeology in Huaping county

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图 5 华坪县典型土地利用遥感影像图

Figure 5. Remote sensing images of typical land use in Huaping county

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图 6 华坪县典型人类活动遥感影像图

Figure 6. Remote sensing images of typical human activities in Huaping county

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图 7 华坪县典型不良地质现象遥感影像图

Figure 7. Remote sensing images of typical adverse geological phenomena in Huaping county

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图 8 华坪县地质环境解译遥感解译成果（地质构造）

Figure 8. Remote sensing results of geological environment interpretation of geological structures in Huaping county

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图 9 八德村滑坡隐患光学遥感影像

Figure 9. Optical remote sensing images of potential landslides in Bade village

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图 10 八德村滑坡隐患地质环境遥感解译

Figure 10. Remote sensing interpretation of geological environment of potential landslides in Bade Village

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图 11 八德村滑坡隐患地表形变速率图

Figure 11. Surface deformation rates of potential landslides in Bade village

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图 12 八德村滑坡隐患实地调查情况

Figure 12. Field investigation of potential landslides in Bade village

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表 1 华坪县地质灾害（隐患）情况

Table 1. Situation of geo-hazards (hidden dangers) in Huaping county

灾害类型	特大型	大型	中型	小型	合计	地质灾害类型所占百分比
滑坡	0	7	74	105	186	72.37%
泥石流	0	0	5	30	35	13.62%
崩塌	0	5	14	4	23	8.95%
地面塌陷	0	0	0	13	13	5.06%
合计	0	12	93	152	257	100.00%
规模所占百分比	0	4.67%	36.19%	59.14%	100.00%

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表 2 北京二号卫星数据主要参数

Table 2. Main parameters of Beijing-2 High-Resolution Optical Remote Sensing Images

卫星	国家	发射时间	全色分辨率	多光谱分辨率	重访周期	幅宽
北京二号	中国	2015.7.11	0.8 m	3.2 m	1~2 d	24 km

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表 3 华坪县县域地质灾害隐患地质环境遥感解译体系

Table 3. Remote sensing interpretation system of geological environment conditions of potential geo-hazards in Huaping county

序号	地质环境解译大类	地质环境遥感解译要素
1	地形地貌	阶地、洼地
2	地质构造	断层、背斜
3	地层岩性	碎屑岩区—侏罗系下统冯家河组（J₁f）、碳酸盐岩区—震旦系上统灯影组（Zbd）
4	水文地质	泉点、地下河出入口、岩溶塌陷
5	土地利用	耕地、林地、水域、居民点、工矿用地、裸地
6	人类活动	矿业开采、水电建设、城镇建设、公路建设、农耕垦殖
7	不良地质现象	坡面侵蚀、活动冲沟

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表 4 八德村滑坡隐患地质环境特征

Table 4. Geological environment characteristics of potential landslides in Bade village

序号	地质环境大类	地质环境特征
1	地形地貌	高中山谷地地貌，凹坡，坡向20°，坡度不均，10°~30°
2	地质构造	未见
3	地层岩性	基岩地层为震旦系上统观音崖组（Zbg），产状60°∠20°，上、中部为紫红色、灰白色页岩与灰岩、白云岩互层，下部为灰白色石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩，底部具有砾岩，软硬相间的岩土性质，近顺层坡；岩体节理裂隙发育，表层风化作用强，基岩破碎
4	水文地质	碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩类含水岩组，含岩溶裂隙水，未见明显地下水迹象
5	土地利用	耕地、林地、居民点、工矿用地，土地利用类型特征明显
6	人类活动	矿业开采、公路建设、农耕垦殖，人类活动强烈
7	不良地质现象	未见

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