滇西盈江盆地地下热水循环系统特征及资源潜力

张华; 何绕生; 康晓波; 杨颖彬; 李芹; 高瑜; 周俊蓉; 柴金龙

doi:10.11932/karst20240609

滇西盈江盆地地下热水循环系统特征及资源潜力

doi: 10.11932/karst20240609

张华^{1, 2, 3,},
何绕生^{1, 2, 3},
康晓波^{1, 2, 3,},
杨颖彬^{1, 2, 3},
李芹^{1, 2, 3},
高瑜^{1, 2, 3},
周俊蓉^{1, 2, 3},
柴金龙^4, ,

1.
云南省高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室(筹), 云南昆明 650216
2.
自然资源部高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室, 云南昆明 650216
3.
云南省地质环境监测院, 云南昆明 650216
4.
云南省地质调查局, 云南昆明 650051

基金项目: 中国矿产地质志项目(DD20160346，DD20190379)；云南省地质勘查基金项目“云南省盈江至陇川高温热水带地热资源专项调查”(D201709)

详细信息

作者简介:
张华（1982－），男，高级工程师，现主要从事水文、工程、环境地质调查研究。E-mail：ynddysghs.zhh@163.com

通讯作者:
柴金龙(1981－)，男，高级工程师，主要从事水工环地质调查与研究。E-mail：chaijinlong@126.com。

中图分类号: P314
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-28
- 录用日期: 2024-09-11
- 修回日期: 2024-09-02
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-25

Characteristics of the underground hot water circulation system western Yunnan Yingjiang basin and resources development potential

ZHANG Hua^{1, 2, 3
,},
HE Raosheng^{1, 2, 3},
KANG Xiaobo^{1, 2, 3
,},
YANG Yingbin^{1, 2, 3},
LI Qin^{1, 2, 3},
GAO Yu^{1, 2, 3},
ZHOU Junrong^{1, 2, 3},
CHAI Jinlong^{4
, ,}

1.
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area, MNR, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China
3.
Yunnan Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China
4.
Yunnan Geological Survey, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China

摘要

摘要: 滇西盈江盆地地热位于盈江—陇川高温热水带，属滇西高温热水区高黎贡山—腾冲亚区，地热资源丰富，但调查和研究程度低，地热资源补给来源、资源量和潜力不清。文章通过野外调查、基础地质分析、数学模型、中国大气降水线方程等方法分析地热地质构造特征、储热层结构和边界、地热水补给来源和途径，应用温泉放热量法、泉流汇总法计算地热资源量。研究表明：盈江盆地新构造运动强烈，构造发育，深部有较强的热流活动，推测岩浆囊为主要热能来源；盆周山区大气降水入渗深循环补给地下水，补给距离2.0~9.9 km，补给深度1.6~3.0 km；地下水沿着风化花岗岩、变质岩原生裂隙和后期构造断裂带下渗到地壳深部，经深部热源加热后向上运移形成地热流体，储存于盆地底部及边缘孔隙、裂隙含水层和断裂破碎带，在地貌和构造有利部位出露形成温泉和热泉；地热流体储存的热量为484.63×10⁶ MJ，可开采量317.8万m³·a⁻¹。
- 盈江盆地 /
- 地热 /
- 循环系统特征 /
- 资源量
Abstract: The geothermal energy of the Yingjiang basin is located within Yingjiang–Longchuan high-temperature hot water belt, which is part of Gaoligongshan–Tengchong sub-area of high-temperature hot water region of western Yunnan. The study area belongs to the southern extension of Gaoligong mountain, where the terrain gradually descends from the northeast to the southwest, resulting in an overall spatial pattern characterized by valleys and ridges. Basins, mountains, and rivers in the area are controlled by structure, showing a NE-SW trend. In addition, the Yingjiang basin is a fault basin formed by geological structure. Its geomorphology are divided into five categories: fault accumulations, low hills of lake terraces, shallow cutting gentle slopes of low or middle-height mountains, medium cutting steep slopes of middle-height mountains, and karst middle-height mountains. The Yingjiang basin is located in the eastern margin of the collision zone between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Due to the active crustal movement for a long time, the geological structure in this area is complicated, the rock fold is broken and the stratum is missing. The outcrop strata are mainly composed of Lower Proterozoic Gaoligongshan Group (Pt₁GL.), Devonian Guanguan Formation (D₁g), Permian Bangdu Formation (P₁b), Neogene Mangbang Formation (N₂m) and alluvial and pluvial strata of the Quaternary (Q). The Yingjiang basin is rich in geothermal resources with a total of 38 geothermal points, and the geothermal outcrops can primarily be classified into 3 types: hot springs, hot wells, and open wells. However, the investigations and studies on geothermal resources are not sufficient, and especially the source of geothermal resources recharge, and the amount and potential of geothermal resources need to be illuminated. In this study, the geothermal geological structures, geothermal structures, boundaries, sources and pathways of geothermal recharge of the study area have been analyzed and studied through field investigations, basic geological analyses, mathematical models, and equations of atmospheric precipitation lines in China. Geothermal resources have been calculated by the method of heat release for hot springs and the summary of spring flow.According to the research findings, the cover layer in the study area is composed of multiple cycles from the coarse to the fine, arranged from bottom to top. The sedimentary environment is dominated by fluvial facies and lakefront facies, with a total thickness of 100–2,000 m, and some of them are more than 2,400 m, providing an environment for geothermal heat storage and preservation. The heat storage structure is belt-shaped, and its conditions are controlled by principle faults and concealed faults. The main layers for heat storage are composed of magmatic rocks, metamorphic rocks, granitic sand conglomerate, fine sandstone, magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks of Neogene Manbang Formation, which provide the necessary conditions for the exposure of hot springs. At present, the highest temperature is shown in the borehole drilled by Dimete Company in the geothermal anomaly area of Lianhua mountain. The temperature in the borehole reaches 155 ℃. The layers of heat storage are composed of magmatic rocks, metamorphic rocks, granitic sand conglomerate and fine sandstone of Neogene Manangba Formation. The Yingjiang basin is characterized by strong neotectonic movements, structural development, and heat flow activities in the depth, which suggests that magma pocket is the source of heat energy in this area. Combined with the terrain conditions around the basin, it is considered that groundwater is recharged by the deep circulation of atmospheric precipitation infiltration in the mountainous areas around the basin, with the recharge distance of 2.0–9.9 km, and the recharge depth of 1.6–3.0 km. Groundwater permeates to the deep crust along the primary fissures and late tectonic fracture zones of weathered granite and metamorphic rocks, and then moves upward after being heated by deep heat sources to form geothermal fluids, which are stored in the pores, fractured aquifers and fracture zones at the bottom and edge of the basin, and are exposed to form hot springs and geothermal springs at the parts where geomorphologic features and structures are favorable. According to the principles of geology, structure, temperature and concentration of geothermal resources, four evaluation units are divided. They are the unit of geothermal resources at medium-high temperature (I) in Lianhua mountain of the Yingjiang river in the northwest of the basin, the unit of warm water resources at low temperature (II) in the Yingjiang river in the northeast of the basin, the unit of warm water resources at low temperature (III) in Taiping–south slope in the middle of the basin, and the unit of warm water resources at low temperature (IV) in Nongmu–Manyun of Yingjiang in the south of the basin. Based on the existing parameters, it is estimated that the heat stored by geothermal fluids in the study area is 484.63×10⁶ MJ, and the recoverable amount of geothermal fluids is 3.178 million m³·a⁻¹. The study on geothermal genesis and the characteristics of circulation system of hot water in the Yingjiang basin has improved the research of deep geothermal resources in the Yingjiang basin and western Yunnan, providing resource guarantee for the exploration, development and utilization of geothermal resources, and providing the basis for the local government to confirm the registration and management of geothermal resources.
- the Yingjiang basin /
- geotherm /
- characteristics of circulation system /
- resources

HTML

图 1 盈江盆地地热地质图

Figure 1. Geothermal geological map of the Yingjiang basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 带状型热储结构地热地质剖面图

Figure 2. Geothermal geological profile of belt-shaped thermal storage structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 盈江盆地地热循环系统概念模式图

Figure 3. Conceptual model of geothermal circulation system in the Yingjiang basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 计算主要参数表

Table 1. Main parameters of calculation

序号	参数名称	参数值	参数来源
1	气温	20 ℃	盈江多年平均气温
2	恒温层深度	5 m	《工程地质手册》（第四版）经验值
3	地温梯度	4.41 ℃·(100 m)⁻¹	《云南盈江地热井测试项目DYJ-004井测试报告》
4	$ \rho\mathrm{_r} $	2600 km·m⁻³	查表
5	$ c\mathrm{_r} $	878 J·（kg· ℃）⁻¹	查表
6	$ \rho_{\mathrm{w}} $	1000 km·m⁻³	查表
7	$ c_{\mathrm{w}} $	4200 J·（kg· ℃）⁻¹	查表

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 评价单元地热资源量计算结果表

Table 2. Calculation results of geothermal resources for evaluation units

评价单元	面积 /km²	温泉名称 (数量)	储存的热量 /×10⁶ MJ	储存热量可节煤量/t·a⁻¹	热功率 /kW	流量 /L·s⁻¹	可开采量 /万m³·a⁻¹
盈江莲花山中—高温地热资源Ⅰ	3.60	盈江县莲花山地热异常区（19个）	211.35	7211.47	6712.84	29.58	93.29
盈江低温温水—温热水地热资源Ⅱ		守坟寨温泉、芒克温泉、贺蚌温泉（3个）	75.68	2582.56	2403.98	11.92	37.59
盈江太平—南缓低温温热水地热资源Ⅲ		太平温泉、弄费温泉（3个）	155.06	5290.81	4924.95	38.66	121.92
盈江太平—南缓低温温热水地热资源Ⅲ	9.35	南缓地热异常区（3个）	4.60	157.26	146.38	1.03	3.25
盈江弄木—芒允低温温水地热资源Ⅳ		弄木温泉、老董温泉、护山温泉、芒蚌北温泉、芒允温泉等（10个）	37.94	1294.21	1204.71	19.58	61.75
合计			484.63	16536.31	15392.86	100.77	317.80

下载: 导出CSV

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