普者黑岩溶山水田园景观形成演化过程

任世川; 杨晓艳; 柴正交; 田文锐; 杨凡

doi:10.11932/karst20240608

普者黑岩溶山水田园景观形成演化过程

doi: 10.11932/karst20240608

任世川^{1, 2, 3,},
杨晓艳^{1, 2, 3, ,},
柴正交^{1, 2, 3},
田文锐^{1, 2, 3},
杨凡^{1, 2, 3}

1.
云南省高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态修复重点实验室(筹), 云南昆明 650216
2.
自然资源部高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态修复重点实验室, 云南昆明 650216
3.
云南省地质环境监测院, 云南昆明 650216

基金项目: 中国地质调查局“云南重点岩溶流域水文地质及环境地质调查”(1212011220951)

详细信息

作者简介:
任世川（1979－），男，硕士研究生，正高级工程师，主要从事水工环方面的调查研究工作。E-mail：56926747@qq.com

通讯作者:
杨晓艳（1982－），女，本科，高级工程师，主要从事水工环方面的调查研究工作。E-mail：515178059@qq.com。

中图分类号: P931.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-01
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-25

Formation and evolution of the karst pastoral landscape in Puzhehei

REN Shichuan^{1, 2, 3
,},
YANG Xiaoyan^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
CHAI Zhengjiao^{1, 2, 3},
TIAN Wenrui^{1, 2, 3},
YANG Fan^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area, MNR, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China
3.
Yunnan Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China

摘要

摘要: 文章根据大量的地质遗迹从地球系统科学的角度讨论了普者黑岩溶山水田园生态景观的形成过程，认为其经历了数亿年缓慢发展演化，泥盆纪到三叠纪末是研究区岩石圈形成时期，侏罗纪至白垩纪是研究区构造和地形基础形成时期。古近纪至今，喜玛拉雅运动继承和发展了原有构造和地形，为地表水、地下水的发育提供了地形条件，为岩溶的发育提供了运移空间，并推动了研究区气候条件的演变；气候演变为岩溶的发育提供了水、温度等有利的外部环境条件，并控制了生物圈演化；生物圈的演化助推了研究区岩溶发育进程，并在人类活动影响和改造下最终形成了今天普者黑岩溶山水田园生态景观。本文根据其演化过程初步预测了山水田园景观和湖泊水质的变化趋势，并提出了保护建议：一是开展资源承载力调查，规范旅游管控；二是加强基础设施建设，完善排污系统；三是建立科学监测体系，定期跟踪监测；四是提升科普宣传力度，增强环保意识。
- 普者黑 /
- 岩溶断陷湖盆 /
- 山水田园生态景观 /
- 地球系统科学 /
- 发展演化过程 /
- 变化趋势
Abstract: Traditional karstology examines karst geomorphic landscapes as geological processes occurring at the interface of lithosphere and hydrosphere. It concludes with a discussion on how factors such as structure, stratigraphy, hydrology, climatic conditions and neotectonic movements influence karst development. The emergence of theories in Earth system science has opened up new avenues for the advancement of karstology.Based on a substantial collection of geological relics, this study examines the formation process of the karst ecological pastoral landscape in Puzhehei from the perspective of Earth system science. It is posited that this evolution occurred gradually over hundreds of millions of years. From the Devonian period to the end of the Triassic period, a set of strata dominated by carbonate rocks with shallow marine and platform facies were deposited, which established a favorable lithospheric foundation for the karst development in the study area. The Indosinian movement and Yanshan movement from the Jurassic to the Cretaceous laid an important structural and topographic foundation for the study area. The period from the Paleogene to the present marks the formation of the karst ecological pastoral landscape in Puzhehei, which can be further divided into four stages. In the first act of the Himalayan movement, the northwest fault of the study area was reactivated, forming a topography characterized by high elevations in the south and low elevations in the north, as well as high terrain on the eastern and western sides and a low area in the center. This represents the initial stage of karst development. In the second act of the Himalayan movement, the northern plate of the Yangqi fault rose, creating a low-lying center around Luoshuidong lake. This led to the formation of fault depression lake basin in Puzhehei, marking an important stage in karst development. In the third act of the Himalayan movement, the uplift of the northern panel of the Yangqi fault intensified, leading to the gradual disappearance of surface water outlets. Consequently, the lake surface rapidly expanded southward, reaching the vicinity of Qiubei county. During this process, triangular fault basins were fully formed, and karst was further developed. Since the Late Pleistocene, the uplift of the crust and the headward erosion of the Beimen river have created a new water outlet in the surrounding area. Consequently, the lake water rapidly drained, resulting in the formation of a karst landscape. Since the Holocene, under the influence and transformation of human activities, today's pastoral landscape has come into being.According to the evolutionary process, this study preliminarily predicts the changing trends of landscape and lake water quality, and proposes several protective suggestions. First, conducting a survey on resource carrying capacity and standardizing tourism management. Second, strengthening infrastructure development and improving the sewage system. Third, establishing a scientific monitoring system for regular tracking and monitoring. Fourth, enhancing public awareness of environmental protection through effective science communication.
- Puzhehei /
- karst faulted lake basin /
- ecological pastoral landscape /
- Earth system science /
- process of development and evolution /
- change trend

HTML

图 1 普者黑地区侵蚀基准面高程及关系图

Figure 1. Elevation and relationship of erosion datum in Puzhehei region

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图 2 火把洞、月亮洞实测平面图

Figure 2. Measured plan of Huoba cave and Yueliang cave

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图 3 普者黑盆地水文地质图

1.岩溶含水层 2.裂隙含水层 3.孔隙含水层 4.碎裂状白云岩 5.水系湖泊湿地 6.地层界线 7.相变界线 8.断层及编号 9.地下河管道及出口 10.盆地原地表水系出流位置及流向 11.湖群分界线 12.地下水流向 13.地层代号 14.县城驻地 15.乡镇驻地 16.村驻地

Figure 3. Hydrogeological map of the Puzhehei basin

1. karst aquifer; 2. fractured aquifer; 3. pore aquifer; 4. cataclastic dolomite; 5. drainage lake wetland; 6. stratigraphic boundary; 7. phase change boundary; 8. faults and numbering; 9. pipeline and outlet of the underground river; 10. outflow location and direction of the original surface water system in the basin; 11. boundary lines of lake group; 12. direction of groundwater flow; 13. stratigraphic code; 14. county site; 15. township site; 16. village site

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图 4 普者黑盆地区土地利用现状图

Figure 4. Land use status of the Puzhehei basin

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图 5 旧寨地下河—普者黑盆地水文地质剖面示意图

1.暗河溶洞 2.裂隙状溶洞 3.溶隙 4.落水洞 5.垂直分带 6.砂砾石层 7.地层代号

Figure 5. Hydrogeological profile of the Jiuzhai underground river–the Puzhehei basin

1. underground river cave 2. fissure cave 3. solution crack 4. ponor 5. vertical zoning 6. sand and gravel layer 7. stratigraphic code

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图 6 普者黑湖盆发展演化示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the development and evolution of the Puzhehei basin

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图 7 普者黑盆地第四系湖积地层等深线图

Figure 7. Contour map of the Quaternary lacustrine strata in the Puzhehei basin

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表 1 普者黑峰林展布特征一览表

Table 1. Distribution characteristics of peak forest in Puzhehei

展布方向	平均直径/m	高度/m	直径/ 高度	比例（%，总个数28）
北东	695.75	162.50	4.28	35.7
东西	460.50	121.28	4.05	32.2
北西	605.42	153.70	4.54	21.4
南北	423.33	109.31	4.58	10.7

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 普者黑盆地地层岩性简表

Table 2. Stratigraphic lithology in the Puzhehei basin

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