黔南坳陷丹寨页岩气有利区地质条件与地球化学特征

刘浩杰; 张庆玉; 巴俊杰; 季少聪; 聂国权; 李振

doi:10.11932/karst20240515

黔南坳陷丹寨页岩气有利区地质条件与地球化学特征

doi: 10.11932/karst20240515

1.
中国地质调查局, 北京 100037
2.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 广西桂林 541004

基金项目: 中国地质调查项目（DD20221658）；广西重点研发基金（桂科AB23026062）；地科院重点基金（JKYZD202331，JKYQN202366）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘浩杰（1993－），男，助理工程师，从事石油地质学与油气测井研究。E-mail：liuhaojie@mail.cgs.gov.cn

通讯作者:
张庆玉（1983－），男，正高级工程师，从事油气古岩溶储层与页岩气地质研究。E-mail：zqingyu@mail.cgs.gov.cn。

中图分类号: P618.13
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-09
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-25

Geological conditions and geochemical characteristics of favorable shale gas zones in Danzhai of the Qiannan depression

1.
China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China
2.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/ Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China

摘要

摘要: 黔南坳陷区域寒武系牛蹄塘组页岩分布广泛，层厚较大，富集有机质，处于成熟阶段，页岩气勘探和开发潜力较好，因此查明不同地区富有机质页岩层段有利区地质条件及其地球化学特征已成为页岩气勘探的关键问题。文章利用沉积学、有机岩石学和地球化学等综合手段，绘制丹寨有利区分布图，重点探讨了研究区有利区地质条件及优质烃源岩的生烃潜力和时空分布。结果表明：丹寨地区有利区显示该区牛蹄塘组页岩主体沉积环境为深水陆棚至深水盆地；富有机质页岩厚度为60~200 m，整体呈现出由西北向东南逐渐增厚的趋势；总有机碳含量主要介于4.5%~6.0%，有机质成熟度则主要在2.5%~2.7%之间，且从东北向西南方向逐渐降低，构造活动对地层保存条件和页岩气富集程度产生了重要影响；揭示黔南丹寨地区寒武系牛蹄塘组页岩地质条件较好，具有进一步深入开展页岩气调查勘探的潜力。
- 黔南坳陷 /
- 牛蹄塘组 /
- 黑色页岩 /
- 有机地球化学 /
- 储层特征 /
- 页岩气有利区
Abstract: The Qiannan depression is located on the southwestern edge of the Yangtze block and is an important area of shale gas resources in South China. In recent years, significant progress has been made in shale gas exploration in this region. The shale in Cambrian Niutitang formation of the Qiannan depression is widely distributed, characterized by thick layers and abundant organic matter. Shale is developed in the mature stage and possesses significant potential for shale gas exploration and development. Although some progress has been made in the studies on shale in the Qiannan region, there is still a relative lack of in-depth research on the geological conditions, soluble organic matter, and reservoir formation mechanisms of the favorable zones. By measuring and collecting samples from typical profiles and survey wells of shale gas, this study systematically analyzed the geological conditions and organic geochemical characteristics of the favorable zones in Danzhai of the Qiannan depression. It also explored the distribution and development patterns of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in the Cambrian Niutitang formation.The results indicate that the Cambrian Niutitang formation in Danzhai is abundant in organic shale with a thickness of about 60 meters to 200 meters, showing an overall trend of gradually thickening from northwest to southeast. The total organic carbon content (TOC) of the Niutitang formation mainly ranges from 4.5% to 6.0%, while the organic matter maturity (Ro) predominantly varies from 2.5% to 2.7%, gradually decreasing from the northeast to the southwest. The mineral composition of shale in the Niutitang formation primarily consists of quartz, followed by clay minerals, and a small amount of carbonate minerals. The types of shale reservoir spaces include organic pores, inorganic pores, and microfractures, among which inorganic pores primarily consists of intergranular pores, intragranular pores, dissolution pores, etc. The shale matrix typically exhibits low porosity and permeability, categorizing the study area as a low porosity and low permeability shale reservoir. However, the development of local fractures can enhance both the porosity and permeability of shale. The tectonic activity has significantly influenced the preservation conditions of the strata and the degree of shale gas enrichment. Tectonic preservation continues to be a key factor affecting the shale gas enrichment of the Niutitang formation in Danzhai of the Qiannan depression. Due to relatively unfavorable enrichment conditions and the complex preservation of structures, the large-scale industrial development of shale gas in the Cambrian Niutitang formation faces significant challenges. However, the geological conditions of the shale in the Cambrian Niutitang formation in Danzhai are relatively favorable, indicating potential for further exploration of shale gas.
- Qiannan depression /
- Niutitang formation /
- black shale /
- organic geochemistry /
- reservoir characteristics /
- favorable zone of shale gas

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图 1 黔南坳陷及周缘区域构造分布图(底图据文献[22]修改)

Figure 1. Structural distribution of the Qiannan depression and its surrounding areas (base map modified according to reference [22])

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图 2 黔南坳陷丹寨及周缘地区牛蹄塘组资源潜力分布

Figure 2. Distribution of resource potential of Danzhai in the Qiannan depression and of its surrounding area—the Niutitang formation

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图 3 丹寨工区广域电磁测量地层发育及构造解译图

Figure 3. Interpretation of stratigraphic development and structures of the work area in Danzhai, measured by wide-field electromagnetic survey

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图 4 丹寨地区寒武系牛蹄塘组顶板埋深图

Figure 4. Roof burial depth of the Cambrian Niutitang formation in Danzhai

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图 5 丹寨地区牛蹄塘组/渣拉沟组TOC、Ro等值线平面分布图（左：TOC，右：Ro）

Figure 5. Horizontal distribution of contour lines for TOC and Ro of the Niutitang formation/the Zhalagou formation in Danzhai (Left: TOC; Right: Ro)

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图 6 研究区贵丹地1井牛蹄塘组综合柱状图

Figure 6. Comprehensive bar chart of the Niutitang formation in Well 1 of Guidandi in the study area

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图 7 丹寨地区牛蹄塘组/渣拉沟组页岩矿物组成特征

Figure 7. Composition characteristics of the shale mineral in the Niutitang formation/the Zhalagou formation in Danzhai

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图 8 丹寨地区牛蹄塘组/渣拉沟组储集空间类型特征

(a) 草莓状黄铁矿发育晶间孔，牛蹄塘组，三都拉郎剖面 (b) 铸膜孔，牛蹄塘组，贵都地1井 (c) 钠长石粒内溶孔，牛蹄塘组，贵都地1井 (d) 有机孔发育，渣拉沟组，三都水碾剖面 (e) 裂缝，方解石充填，牛蹄塘组，贵丹地1井 (f) 裂缝，方解石充填，牛蹄塘组，贵都地1井

Figure 8. Characteristics of reservoir space types in the Niutitang formation/the Zhalagou formation in Danzhai

(a) strawberry-shaped pyrite with intergranular pores, Sandulalang section in the Niutitang Formation (b) cast film pore, Guidudi Well 1 in the Niutitang Formation (c) intragranular dissolution pore of sodium feldspar, Guidudi Well 1 in the Niutitang Formation (d) development of organic pore, Sandushuinian section in the Zhalagou Formation (e) cracks filled with calcite, Guidandi Well 1 in the Niutitang Formation (f) cracks filled with calcite, Guidudi Well 1 in the Niutitang Formation

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图 9 研究区页岩气有利区分布图

Figure 9. Distribution of the favorable zones of shale gas in the study area

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表 1 贵州黔南坳陷及周缘地区下寒武统地层对比^[29]

Table 1. Comparison of lower Cambrian strata in the Qiannan depression and its surrounding areas of Guizhou Province^[29]

统	阶	地层
统	阶	川西南	川东南、黔北—黔中	黔东南皋	黔南黄平	黔南丹寨
中寒武统	毛庄阶	陡坡寺组	高台组	高台组		凯里组
下寒武统	龙王庙组	龙王庙组	清虚洞组	清虚洞组		乌训组
	沧浪铺组	沧浪铺组	金顶山组	杷榔组		杷榔组
	沧浪铺组	沧浪铺组	明心寺组	变马冲组		变马冲组
	筇竹寺组	筇竹寺组	牛蹄塘组	九门冲组	九门冲组	九门冲组
	筇竹寺组	筇竹寺组		牛蹄塘组		九门冲组
	梅树村阶	麦地坪组		老堡组		牛蹄塘组
上震旦统		灯影组	灯影组	灯影组		灯影组

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表 2 丹寨研究区牛蹄塘组沉积环境划分方案

Table 2. Division scheme for the sedimentary environment of the Niutitang formation in the study area of Danzhai

目标层系	沉积微相	沉积亚相	沉积相	沉积体系
牛蹄塘组	泥棚	浅水陆棚	陆棚	海洋沉积体系
	粉砂质泥棚	浅水陆棚
	粉砂质碳质泥棚	深水陆棚
	碳质泥棚	深水陆棚

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表 3 黔南坳陷海相页岩气有利区优选参考指标

Table 3. Reference indicators for optimal selection of the favorable zones of marine shale gas in the Qiannan depression

评价参数		评价指标	调查区目的层段对应指标
评价参数		评价指标	牛蹄塘组
富有机质泥页岩厚度/m		厚度稳定，30~50	厚度稳定，60~200
TOC/%		＞3.0	4.50~6.35
Ro/%		1.30~3.50	2.50~2.70
储集性	脆性矿物含量/%	＞40	64.0~81.3
	黏土矿物含量/%	＜30	17.5~30.0
	孔隙度/%	＞2.0	2.0~8.0
总含气量/m³·t⁻¹		≥1.0	0.09~2.7
保存条件	埋藏深度/m	1000~4500	0~2500
	区域盖层厚度/m 区域盖层分布	＞150 大面积连片	259~652 大面积连片
	顶、底板厚度/m 顶、底板均质程度	＞30 均质	顶70~125、底10~15 顶板均质，底板较均质
	地层倾角/°	＜30	4~48
	距目的层露头距离/km	＞2	＞2
	距通天断裂距离/km	≥5	0~10
	断裂密度/条·km⁻¹	＜0.5	0.2~0.5
地层压力系数		＞0.9	0.91~1.06

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