岩溶区石灰土演化过程中钙影响土壤氮矿化的机制研究

谢银财; 杨慧; 李军; 缪雄谊; 杨霖; 吴树诚

doi:10.11932/karst20240506

岩溶区石灰土演化过程中钙影响土壤氮矿化的机制研究

doi: 10.11932/karst20240506

谢银财^{1, 2,},
杨慧^{1, 2},
李军³,
缪雄谊^{1, 2},
杨霖^{1, 2},
吴树诚⁴

1.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 广西桂林 541004
2.
广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，广西平果 531406
3.
河北建筑工程学院, 河北省水质工程与水资源综合利用重点实验室, 河北张家口 075132
4.
桂林水文中心, 广西桂林 541002

基金项目: 广西自然科学基金 (2021GXNSFBA220065，2022GXNSFAA035569)；中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费 (2017025)；国家自然科学基金项目(41771340)；自然资源科技战略研究项目（2023-ZL-23）；中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20240095，DD20230547）

详细信息

作者简介:
谢银财（1986－），男，副研究员，主要从事岩溶环境与全球变化研究。E-mail：xieyincai1216@163.com

中图分类号: S153
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-25
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-25

Influence mechanism of calcium on soil organic nitrogen mineralization during calcareous soil evolvement in karst areas

XIE Yincai^{1, 2
,},
YANG Hui^{1, 2},
LI Jun³,
MIAO Xiongyi^{1, 2},
YANG Lin^{1, 2},
WU Shucheng⁴

1.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
2.
Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo, Guangxi 531406, China
3.
Hebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075132, China
4.
Guilin Hydrology Center, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, China

摘要

摘要: 选择桂林岩溶区不同演化阶段典型的黑色、棕色和红色石灰土为研究对象，采用改进的BCR方法测定石灰土不同钙形态含量，通过¹⁵N同位素标记技术结合MCMC氮素转化模型测定石灰土总有机氮矿化（M_Norg）、易分解有机氮矿化（M_Nlab）和难分解有机氮矿化（M_Nrec）速率，探讨了岩溶区石灰土演化过程中钙影响土壤氮矿化的机制。结果表明：（1）岩溶区黑色和棕色石灰土各形态钙含量顺序均为交换态（ECa）＞酸溶态（ASCa）＞残渣态（RCa）＞水溶态（WSCa）＞有机结合态（OCCa），红色石灰土各形态钙含量大小顺序为ECa＞RCa＞ASCa＞WSCa＞OCCa，石灰土不同形态钙中以ECa含量最多，分别占黑色、棕色和红色石灰土全钙含量的80%、64%和48%，表明钙在石灰土中具有较高的活度；（2）M_Norg和M_Nrec大小顺序均为黑色石灰土＞棕色石灰土＞红色石灰土，M_Nlab大小顺序为黑色石灰土<棕色石灰土<红色石灰土，黑色石灰土M_Norg由M_Nrec主导，棕色和红色石灰土M_Norg主要由M_Nlab控制，说明石灰土演化影响土壤有机氮的矿化过程，降低土壤无机氮供应能力；（3）除M_Norg、M_Nlab和M_Nrec与OCCa和RCa的相关性不显著外，M_Norg和M_Nrec分别与ECa、ASCa和WSCa含量呈显著正相关，M_Nlab则与之呈显著负相关，表明高含量有效态钙能促进土壤M_Nrec而抑制M_Nlab。ECa和ASCa作为石灰土钙的主要赋存形态因在土壤演化过程中受到强烈淋溶作用，促使M_Nrec显著降低，这是造成石灰土演化过程中土壤无机氮供应能力显著降低的重要原因。研究结果有助于更清晰地了解石灰土演化过程中钙的分布、迁移和氮矿化特征以及钙对氮矿化过程的影响，为深入理解岩溶区石灰土氮矿化过程的影响机制提供理论依据。
- 矿化速率 /
- 钙形态 /
- ¹⁵N示踪 /
- 石灰土 /
- 岩溶区
Abstract: Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient element for the normal growth and development of plants, and the major factor affecting the primary productivity of most terrestrial ecosystems. Studying the process of soil organic N mineralization on the basis of regional characteristics is of great significance for formulating reasonable fertilization measures, and optimizing soil environment and global N cycling. Karst is a unique ecological system restricted by N. In order to discuss the influence mechanism of calcium (Ca) in soil organic N mineralization during calcareous soil evolvement in karst areas, the typical black calcareous soil (BLCS), brown calcareous soil (BRCS) and red calcareous soil (RCS) at different soil evolvement stages in the karst areas in Guilin were selected as research objects. The BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure was used to determine Ca contents of different species, and the ¹⁵N tracing technology combined with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm-based numerical optimization model were adopted to investigate the mineralization of labile organic N (M_Nlab), recalcitrant organic N (M_Nrec) and organic N (M_Norg) to NH$_4^{+}$ in calcareous soil.The results showed as follows: (1) The orders of the contents of Ca species of BLCS and BRCS were both listed as exchangeable Ca (ECa) > acid soluble Ca (ASCa) > residual Ca (RCa) > water soluble Ca (WSCa) > organic compound Ca (OCCa); the order of the contents of Ca species of RCS was: ECa > RCa > ASCa > WSCa > OCCa. The contents of ECa were the highest among the different species of Ca in BLCS, BRCS and RCS in karst areas, repectively accounting for 80%, 64% and 48% of the total Ca contents of these three calcareous soils, showing that Ca in calcareous soil presents high activity. (2) M_Norg and M_Nrec of these three calcareous soils were listed as the following order: BLCS > BRCS > RCS; the order of M_Nlab: BLCS < BRCS < RCS. M_Norg was dominated by M_Nrec in BLCS, while M_Norg was mainly controlled by M_Nlab in both BRCS and RCS, showing that calcareous soil evolvement affected the mineralization process of soil organic N, and the soil inorganic N supply capacity decreased significantly during calcareous soil evolvement in karst areas. (3) Except the insignificant correlation between soil M_Norg, M_Nlab and M_Nrec, and OCCa and RCa, M_Norg and M_Nrec presented significantly positive correlation with the contents of ECa, ASCa and WSCa, respectively, while M_Nlab presented significantly negative correlation with these variables, which indicates that high contents of available Ca can promote M_Nrec but inhibit M_Nlab. As the main species of Ca in calcareous soil, ECa and ASCa were strongly leached during calcareous soil evolvement in karst areas, resulting in the significant decrease of soil M_Nrec, which was an important reason for the significant decrease of soil inorganic N supply capacity during calcareous soil evolvement. The study results will help us to clearly understand the characteristics of the distribution and migration of Ca, N mineralization and effect of Ca on N mineralization during calcareous soil evolvement in karst areas, and may provide the basic data for deep understanding of the influence mechanism of N mineralization process in calcareous soil. With the evolvement of calcareous soil, calcareous soil with high degree of evolvement in karst areas, such as BRCS and RCS, may be unfavorable for maintaining soil fertility and natural vegetation restoration due to low inorganic N supply capacity. Therefore, in the process of ecological restoration, for the karst areas with high degree of calcareous soil evolvement such as BRCS and RCS, improving the N content of calcareous soil can promote the effective supply of inorganic N in calcareous soil to create a soil environment conducive to vegetation restoration. This may be an effective strategy for rapid restoration of karst ecosystems.
- mineralization rate /
- soil calcium species /
- ¹⁵N tracing technology /
- calcareous soil /
- karst area

HTML

图 1 石灰土不同演化阶段钙形态百分比含量

Figure 1. Percentage of contents of Ca species in soil at different stages of calcareous soil evolvement

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 石灰土不同演化阶段有机氮矿化速率

（图中小写字母表示不同石灰土难分解有机氮矿化间的差异达显著水平（P<0.05），不同大写字母表示不同石灰土易分解有机氮矿化间的差异达显著水平（P<0.05））

Figure 2. Nitrogen mineralization rates in soil at different stages of calcareous soil evolvement

(In the figure, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in M_Nrec in different calcareous soils (P<0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in M_Nlab in different calcareous soils (P<0.05)).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 岩溶区石灰土不同演化阶段钙不同形态含量

Table 1. Contents of Ca species in soil at different stages of calcareous soil evolvement in karst areas

	黑色石灰土	棕色石灰土	红色石灰土
水溶态钙(×10⁻³)	0.24±0.04a	0.14±0.04b	0.05±0.03c
交换态钙(×10⁻³)	20.4±3.72a	4.87±0.63b	1.34±0.09c
酸溶态钙(×10⁻³)	3.95±0.87a	1.25±0.65b	0.37±0.20b
有机结合态钙(×10⁻³)	0.14±0.07a	0.09±0.03a	0.04±0.01a
残渣态钙(×10⁻³)	0.88±0.12b	1.21±0.24a	0.99±0.01ab
全钙(×10⁻³)	25.7±4.50a	7.56±0.72b	2.79±0.24b
注：同行中不同字母表示同一指标差异达显著水平（p＜0.05），数值表示平均值±标准偏差。 Note: Different letters in the same line indicate a significant level of difference in the same index (p＜0.05), and the value represents the mean ± standard deviation.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 石灰土不同钙形态含量与总有机氮矿化(M_Norg)、难分解有机氮矿化(M_Nrec)和易分解有机氮矿化(M_Nlab)速率的相关性

Table 2. Correlation coefficients between the mineralization rates of M_Norg, M_Nrec and M_Nlab, and calcium species contents in calcareous soil

	M_Nrec	M_Nlab	M_Norg
水溶态钙	0.85**	−0.68*	0.83**
交换态钙	0.94**	−0.78**	0.92*
酸溶态钙	0.93**	−0.85**	0.88**
有机结合态钙	0.50	−0.45	0.48
残渣态钙	−0.49	0.30	−0.52
全钙	0.94**	−0.80**	0.91*
注：样本数n =9，表示相关性达到P<0.05 显著水平，表示相关性达到P<0.01 显著水平。 Note: Sample size n=9; represents a significant correlation (P<0.05); ** represents a significant correlation (P<0.01).

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