湘渝黔地区奥陶系红色岩溶地貌与沉积作用关系

陈友智; 姜伏伟; 陈颖; 杨贵来; 于宁; 苏孝良

doi:10.11932/karst20240310

湘渝黔地区奥陶系红色岩溶地貌与沉积作用关系

doi: 10.11932/karst20240310

陈友智^1,,
姜伏伟^2, ,,
陈颖³,
杨贵来⁴,
于宁⁵,
苏孝良⁶

1.
中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司西南物探研究院, 四川成都 610213
2.
东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 江西南昌 330013
3.
中国石油集团西南油气田分公司开发事业部, 四川成都 610017
4.
中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心, 四川成都 610218
5.
贵州理工学院资源与环境工程学院, 贵州贵阳 550003
6.
贵州省科学技术厅, 贵州贵阳 550002

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目“全国地质遗迹立典调查与评价”(DD20190074)；贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合JZ字[2015]2005)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈友智（1982－），男，高级工程师，研究方向：盆地分析、构造地质学。E-mail：cugchenyz@126.com

通讯作者:
姜伏伟（1987－），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：岩溶地质。E-mail：jfwei666@126.com。

中图分类号: P931.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-27
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-15
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-25

Relationship between sedimentation and red karst landform during the Ordovician in Hunan, Chongqing and Guizhou

1.
Southwest Geophysical Institute of BGP, CNPC, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, China
2.
School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
3.
Development Division, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610017, China
4.
Chengdu Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan 610218, China
5.
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China
6.
Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China

摘要

摘要: 文章基于野外露头观测、薄片观察、牙形石研究以及X射线衍射分析，从沉积角度探讨了风化作用与湘渝黔地区奥陶系红色岩溶地貌之间的关系。结果表明：同生成岩阶段，大气氧含量的增加，浅海陆棚水底氧化，陆源碎屑中铁离子被氧化形成Fe₂O₃进入沉积地层，奠定了地貌颜色；受岩相古地理的影响，早中奥陶世大湾期中上扬子地块自西向东岩相存在分带性，岩溶地貌仅出现在以武汉—松滋—松桃—黄平为中心的浅海陆棚碳酸盐岩弧形相带上；沉积微相决定碳酸盐岩孔隙大小与结构影响风化作用，岩石之间差异风化造就地貌凹凸形；米兰科维奇旋回导致牯牛潭组泥质灰岩与生物碎屑泥晶灰岩相互叠置，环潮坪型米级旋回造就出岩溶地貌的韵律性；灰岩中不溶残余物黏土矿物种类及含量暗示其沉积物源与埋藏史的差异，并影响岩层水化膨胀律和抗风化能力。
- 红色岩溶地貌 /
- 沉积作用 /
- 沉积相 /
- 野外露头 /
- 沉积旋回
Abstract: The Ordovician red karst is a newly discovered geological landscape in Hunan, Chongqing and Guizhou. Its appearances, distributions and rhythms are distinctive. With the development of red stone forest parks in the study area, red karst landforms have attracted great attention in recent years. Researchers have analyzed red karst landforms from their appearance characteristics, geomorphological types, surface corrosion, geological structures, climatic and neo-tectonic movement. However, there is still lack of research on the relationship between formation of red karst landforms and sedimentation. Integrating the field geological survey, observation of thin sections, odontolite analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, this study tried to discuss the inner connection between weathering and red karst landforms in the view of sedimentation.During the syndiagenetic stage, the increase of oxygen content in the atmosphere caused the oxidation at the bottom of shallow continental shelf. During this process, Fe₂O₃ that was formed by the oxidation of iron ions in terrigenous debris entered sedimentary strata, which contributed to red-colored landform. Controlled by the distribution of lithofacies in the early-to-mid Ordovician, karst landforms were only developed in the carbonate arc blet of the shallow continental shelf along the area of Wuhan–Songzi–Songtao–Huangping. Pore sizes and structures of carbonate rocks affected by sedimentary microfacies would influence weathering, and hence the differential weathering caused concave and convex terrains. The Milankovitch cycle resulted in the overlapping of argillaceous limestone and bioclastic micritic limestone in the Guniutan Formation, and the meter-scale cycle of circum-tidal flat caused the rhythms of karst landforms. Types and contents of clay minerals within the limestone indicate the differences in sediment sources and burial histories and also affects hydration expansion and weathering resistance of the formation. In summary, the sedimentation process that controls the rock formation and weathering is one controlling factor to the formation and distribution of red karst landforms.
- red karst landform /
- sedimentation /
- sedimentary facies /
- outcrop /
- sedimentary cycle

HTML

图 1 牙形石照片

a.古丈GZY-5样品中Dzikodus hunanensis种牙形石 b.酉阳YYY-3样品中Periodon macrodentatus种牙形石

Figure 1. Conodont photos

a. Dzikodus hunanensis conodont in Sample GZY-5, Guzhang; b. Periodon macrodentatus conodont in Sample YYY-3, Youyang

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图 2 研究区红色岩溶地层柱状图(修改自文献[17-19] )

Figure 2. Histogram of red karst strata in the study area (modified from reference[17-19])

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图 3 黄平县谷陇镇红色岩溶岩性特征

注：(a) 大湾组露头；(b)、(c)、(d)为红色岩溶；(a)中钙质粉砂岩(正交偏光)、鲕粒泥晶灰岩(单偏光)、砂质灰岩(单偏光)照片，其中Ca代表方解石，Cal代表棘刺，Co代表珊瑚，Mi代表云母，Os代表介形虫，Ph代表腕足，Po代表球粒，Oo代表鲕粒，Si代表石英，Sp代表海绵。

Figure 3. Lithologic characteristics of red karst in Gulong town, Huangping county

Note:(a): outcrop of the Dawan Formation; (b): photo of calcareous sandstone (cross-polarized light) in (a); (c): photo of oomicrite (plane-polarized light) in (a); (d): photo of sandy limestone (plane-polarized light) in (a); Ca: calcite; Cal: calthrop; Co: coral; Mi: mica; Os: ostracode; Ph: brachiopod; Po: spherulite; Oo: ooid; Si: quartz; Sp: sponge.

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图 4 松桃县腊尔山红色岩溶岩性特征

注：（a）大湾组露头；(b)为(a)中单层岩石特征，具有网纹结构，富含三叶虫等生物；(c)为(a)单层泥质灰岩显微照片(正交偏光，×40)；(d)牯牛潭组露头；(e)为(d)中凹层显微照片(正交偏光，×40)；(f)为(d)中凸出层显微照片(正交偏光，×40)，其中Ho代表角石，Ti代表三叶虫，其他符号与图3相同。

Figure 4. Lithologic characteristics of red karst in Laer mountain, Songtao county

Note: (a): outcrop of the Dawan Formation; (b) Single-layer rock with a net-like structure and rich in trilobites and other organisms in (a); (c) microscopic photo of single-layered argillaceous limestone (cross-polarized light, ×40) in (a); (d): outcrop of the Guniutan Formation; (e) microscopic photo of the concave layer (cross-polarized light, ×40) in (d); (f) microscopic photo of the convex layer (cross-polarized light, ×40) in (d); Ho: hornstone; Ti: trilobite; other abbreviations: referring to Fig.3.

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图 5 中上扬子地区早中奥陶世大湾期沉积相分布图(修改自文献[21] )

Figure 5. Distribution of sedimentary facies in the middle and upper Yangtze region in Dawan period of the early-to-mid Ordovician (modified from reference[21])

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图 6 研究区牯牛潭组环潮坪型米级旋回层序特征

Figure 6. Meter-scale cyclic sequences of circum-tidal flat in the Guniutan Formation in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 沉积作用与红色岩溶地貌关系图

Figure 7. Relationship between sedimentation and red karst landform

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表 1 研究区泥质灰岩黏土矿物X射线衍射法检测结果

Table 1. Results of X-ray diffraction of clay minerals in argillaceous limestone in the study area

采样位置	样品编号	黏土矿物含量/%						伊—蒙混层比/%
		蒙脱石	伊利石	高岭石	绿泥石	伊—蒙混层	绿—蒙混层	蒙皂石层	伊利石层
		S	I	K	C	I/S	C/S	S %	I %
黄平县谷陇镇	No2	0	79	0	4	17	0	5	95
	No3	0	74	0	0	26	0	5	95
	No5	0	65	0	0	35	0	5	95
	No8-1	0	82	0	2	16	0	5	95
	No9-1	0	67	0	3	30	0	5	95
古丈县红石林风景区	D001	0	80	1	10	9	0	5	95
	D002	0	74	0	6	20	0	5	95
	D003	0	67	0	17	16	0	5	95
	D004	0	60	5	25	10	0	5	95
	D005	0	80	0	3	17	0	5	95
松桃县腊尔山	G001	0	75	0	6	19	0	5	95
	G002	0	71	1	11	17	0	5	95
	G003	0	67	0	17	16	0	5	95
	G004	0	70	0	12	18	0	5	95
	G005	0	66	0	8	26	0	5	95

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