黔西南地区地热储层结构特征

涂明江; 赵良杰; 李强; 陈刚; 王若帆; 王元坤

doi:10.11932/karst20240107

黔西南地区地热储层结构特征——以望谟平洞地热储层为例

doi: 10.11932/karst20240107

涂明江^1,,
赵良杰^{2, 3},
李强^{1, 4, ,},
陈刚¹,
王若帆¹,
王元坤¹

1.
贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局114地质大队, 贵州遵义 563000
2.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心，广西桂林 541004
3.
广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，广西平果 531406
4.
贵州大学，贵州贵阳 550000

基金项目: 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局地质科研项目（黔地矿科合[2020]23号）；贵州省地质勘查基金项目“贵州省水文地质志修编”（DKJJ2021-01号）

详细信息

作者简介:
涂明江（1984－），男，高级工程师，研究方向：水文地质、地热地质、环境地质。E-mail：443431924@qq.com

通讯作者:
李强（1982－），男，正高级工程师，研究方向：水文地质、环境地质、地热地质。E-mail：109616117@qq.com。

中图分类号: P314
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-15
- 录用日期: 2024-01-09
- 修回日期: 2023-08-02
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-01

Structural characteristics of geothermal reservoirs in southwest Guizhou: Taking Pingdong geothermal reservoir in Wangmo county as an example

1.
114 Geological Brigade of Guizhou Geological and Mineral Explaration and Development Bureau, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
2.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
3.
Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo, Guangxi 531406, China
4.
Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550000,China

摘要

摘要: 基于地温梯度的地热资源开发受区域地热储层结构及导水构造控制。文章以贵州省望谟县平洞地热储层为研究对象，依据地质调查和ZK1钻孔揭露的地热储层结构为依据，分析区内热储层岩性特征、热储构造、导水构造、地温场特征、地热流体水化学特征，以深入理解地热流体循环机制。研究表明：研究区地处上里地背斜倾伏端，地热流体接受大气降水补给，沿裂隙、断裂带进入深循环并汇集于热储层及断层破碎带，径流过程主要受断裂构造控制，显示出典型的褶皱隆起断裂对流型特征；区内地下水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca·Mg型；地热流体增温过程主要由地温梯度控制，平均地温梯度值为2.34 ℃·(100 m)⁻¹，热储构造和导水构造对增温促成也有一定影响。研究成果可为黔西南地区及其他类似地热储层的地热能开发提供参考。
- 热储层结构 /
- 地温梯度 /
- 热水循环模式 /
- 望谟平洞地热系统
Abstract: As future advantageous resources as well as renewable energy sources, geothermal resources are widely distributed and used due to their large reserves. They are also clean, environmental and recyclable. Therefore, the development and utilization of geothermal resources has become an important means of global energy transformation and mitigation of global warming. In this context, understanding the dynamics of geothermal fluid movement and the distribution characteristics of geothermal resources in the study area becomes important before the development of these resources. Such knowledge is essential for harnessing the full potential of geothermal energy in the area under consideration. The development of geothermal resources based on geothermal temperature gradients is controlled by regional geothermal reservoir structures and water-conducting structures. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the circulation mechanism of the geothermal fluids in the study area, this study takes Pingdong geothermal reservoir in Wangmo county of Guizhou Province as the research object, and analyzes the lithological characteristics, thermal reservoir structures, water-conducting structures, characteristics of geothermal fields, and hydrochemical characteristics of geothermal fluids in this area on the basis of the geological survey and the structural characteristics of geothermal reservoir exposed by ZK1 borehole. The results show that the study area is located at a national key metallogenic zone—the Youjiang rift of Jiangnan composite orogenic belt at the north of Youjiang metallogenic zone, i.e. Shangli geoanticlinal inclined end of the combination part of NW Wangmo fold belt in the foreland basin and the deformation area of EW Ceheng closed fold. The tectonic stress is concentrated in this area. Geothermal fluids in the study area receive atmospheric precipitation and are replenished along the distribution area of carbonate rock in the core of the Shangli geoanticline on the northwest side. Then they fall into deep circulation along the fissure and fracture zones and converge in the geothermal reservoir (from the reef limestone to the limestone of Houziguan Formation) and in the fault-fracture zone of western Wangmocheng. After the interaction with the surrounding rocks, the geothermal fluids carry out the deep circulation from northwest to southeast, during which they continuously absorb the heat flow transmitted upward from the deep part of the earth's crust through deep faults. The heated and upwelling geothermal fluids move upward due to the buoyancy produced by volume expansion (decreasing density). The fluids at low temperature in the upper part move under gravity due to high density, forming a deep circulation system of the geothermal water in this area. Geothermal fluids in the study area are enriched in the fault-fracture zone of western Wangmocheng and in the combination part of the Permian reef limestone and the limestone of Houziguan Formation in the thermal reservoir. The runoff process of geothermal fluid is mainly affected by the fault structure. The recharge, runoff and discharge conditions of underground geothermal water in the study area generally follow the hydrogeological conditions of deep circulation. The geothermal resources in the study area show typical convective characteristics of folds, uplifts and faults. The analysis of Piper's three-line diagram shows that the hydrochemical type of geothermal fluids and shallow groundwater in the study area is HCO₃-Ca-Mg type, which is mainly controlled by carbonate minerals in thermal storage aquifers (Pjh and P2h). The warming process of geothermal fluid is mainly controlled by the geothermal temperature gradient, with the average of 2.34℃·(100m)⁻¹. The thermal storage structure and water-conducting structure also have a certain influence on the warming contribution. This research contributes significantly to our comprehension and prediction of the movement patterns of geothermal fluids and the distribution traits of geothermal resources. As a result, it offers invaluable reference for the development of geothermal energy in other analogous geothermal reservoirs within Southwest Guizhou.
- thermal reservoir /
- geothermal gradient /
- structural feature /
- Pingdong geothermal system in Wangmo county

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图 1 研究区构造纲要图

Figure 1. Structural diagram of the study area

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1 蜓屑灰岩质碎块

1. Fragments of fusulinid debris limestone

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2 （含）藻砾砂屑生物屑灰岩质碎块

2. Fragments of/containing algal gravel and bioclastic limestone

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图 2 勘探孔地温场的垂向变化特征曲线图

Figure 2. Vertical variation curve of geothermal field of the borehole

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图 3 Piper 三线图

Figure 3. Piper three-line diagram

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图 4 研究区地热流体循环机制图

Figure 4. Circulation mechanism of geothermal fluid in the study area

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表 1 热储层岩石岩矿鉴定主要化学成分表

Table 1. Main chemical compositions of rock and ore in the thermal reservoir

样品编号	地层代号	岩石化学成分及平均含量/%
样品编号	地层代号	CaO	MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	Mn/10⁻⁶	S	K₂O	Na₂O	TiO₂
2018G-539	断层带	53.8	0.48	0.02	0.146	0.17	39	0.018	0.024	0.084	0.002
2018G-540	Pjh	53.74	0.76	0.174	0.226	0.179	47	0.02	0.04	0.1	0.009
2018G-541	P₂h	53.56	0.56	0.236	0.54	0.496	101	0.02	0.043	0.096	0.011
2018G-467	Pjh	52.24	0.27	5.23	0.44	0.27		0.048	0.014	0.005	0.04
2018G-468	Pjh	52.02	0.22	5.83	0.33	0.2	93	0.03	0.012	0.038	0.02

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表 2 ZK1号地热勘探孔井温测量数据统计表

Table 2. Statistics of measurement data on well temperature of ZK1 geothermal borehole

深度/m	温度/℃	深度/m	温度/℃	深度/m	温度/℃
50	27.62	900	45.17	1 700	59.47
100	27.6	950	46.11	1 750	60.3
150	28.06	1 000	47	1 800	61.43
250	29.45	1 050	48.06	1 850	62.05
300	30.39	1 100	48.87	1 900	62.83
350	30.97	1 150	49.76	1 950	63.79
400	31.95	1 200	50.77	2 000	65.02
450	32.59	1 250	51.6	2 050	65.78
500	33.48	1 300	52.47	2 100	67.16
550	34.26	1 350	53.27	2 150	68.55
600	35.08	1 400	54.02	2 200	69.44
650	36.21	1 450	55.02	2 250	70.39
700	41.81	1 500	55.75	2 300	71.35
750	42.87	1 550	56.69	2 350	73.03
800	43.74	1 600	57.81	2 400.27	74.5
850	44.43	1 650	58.8

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