可持续发展实验区石漠化时空演变及其驱动机制研究

涂纯; 罗为群; 蒋忠诚; 刘绍华; 胡兆鑫; 汤庆佳; 吴泽燕; 张标

doi:10.11932/karst2023y039

可持续发展实验区石漠化时空演变及其驱动机制研究——以广西恭城县为例

doi: 10.11932/karst2023y039

涂纯^{1, 2,},
罗为群^{1, 2, ,},
蒋忠诚^{1, 2},
刘绍华^{1, 2},
胡兆鑫^{1, 2},
汤庆佳^{1, 2},
吴泽燕^{1, 2},
张标¹

1.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西壮族自治区岩溶动力学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
2.
广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 广西平果 531406

基金项目: 广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目（桂科AA20161004-3）；国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC0507504）；中国地质调查项目（DD20230453, DD20190502）

详细信息

作者简介:
涂纯（1986－），男，博士，研究方向：岩溶生态系统服务功能评估。E-mail：tuc.13b@igsnrr.ac.cn

通讯作者:
罗为群（1980－）男，硕士，研究员，主要从事岩溶区生态修复及国土空间规划研究。E-mail：lweiqun@mail.cgs.gov.cn。

中图分类号: X171.1;F124.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-07
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-01

Study on spatiotemporal evolution of rocky desertification in the pilot zone for sustainable development: A case study of Gongcheng county

TU Chun^{1, 2
,},
LUO Weiqun^{1, 2
, ,},
JIANG Zhongcheng^{1, 2},
LIU Shaohua^{1, 2},
HU Zhaoxin^{1, 2},
TANG Qingjia^{1, 2},
WU Zeyan^{1, 2},
ZHANG Biao¹

1.
Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guangxi 541004, China
2.
Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo, Guangxi 531406, China

摘要

摘要: 西南喀斯特地区是我国实施可持续发展战略的重要地区，同时也是生态环境极为脆弱、石漠化集中分布的地区，但有关可持续发展实验区石漠化的内在演化机制研究还较少涉及。以广西恭城县国家可持续发展实验区为例，利用2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年和2021年遥感影像为数据源，采用人机交互解译法进行石漠化信息提取，定量分析了恭城县石漠化的时空演变规律及其成因机制。结果显示，恭城县石漠化主要经历了2000—2005加速恶化、2005—2015年快速改善和2015—2021年缓慢恶化三个阶段，石漠化总面积在88.96~229.55 km²；2000—2005年，恭城县石漠化表现为无石漠化向轻度和中度石漠化转移，2005—2021年呈逆向改善。西岭镇、莲花镇、平安镇是石漠化发生的主要地区，占全县石漠化总面积的55.47%~61.31%。灰岩区发生的石漠化面积为104.03 km²，占石漠化总面积的72.91%；园地内发生的石漠化面积为56.26 km²，占比为38.12%。结果表明：灰岩区强烈的岩溶作用，以及长期种植的单一经济果林遭大面积砍伐，是导致近年恭城县石漠化加重的主要原因。
- 恭城县 /
- 石漠化 /
- 时空演变格局 /
- 不同岩性 /
- 不同土地利用类型
Abstract: The karst area in Southwest China is an important region for the implementation of sustainable development strategies in China, as well as an area with extremely fragile ecological environment and concentrated distribution of rocky desertification. As a "National Pilot Zone for Sustainable Development" and "National Pilot Demonstration Zone for the Innovative Sustainable Development Agenda", Gongcheng Yao autonomous county of Guangxi is an important demonstration area for the coordinated development of karst landscape resource conservation and special ecological agriculture. Therefore, exploring the spatiotemporal evolution and the driving mechanism of rocky desertification in this area can provide an important scientific basis for the comprehensive management of rocky desertification, and the protection and restoration of karst ecosystem in China's pilot zones for sustainable development. Based on remote sensing images of Landsat series satellite from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2021, this study extracted information on rocky desertification by the interpretation of human-computer interaction, and quantitatively analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution law of rocky desertification in Gongcheng county. Meanwhile, by combining data of carbonate rock and land use, this study revealed the inherent driving mechanisms of geological conditions and land use changes about the evolution of rocky desertification in Gongcheng county. The study results show that the rocky desertification in Gongcheng county experienced three stages: accelerated deterioration from 2000 to 2005, rapid improvement from 2005 to 2015 and slow deterioration from 2015 to 2021. The total area of rocky desertification ranged from 88.96–229.55 km². From 2000 to 2005, the rocky desertification in Gongcheng county shifted from no rocky desertification to mild and intermediate rock desertification, and reversely, it showed improvement from 2005 to 2021. The rocky desertification presented a spatial pattern of development from north to south in Gongcheng county. Xiling town, Lianhua town and Ping'an town were the main areas where rocky desertification occurred, accounting for 55.47%–61.31% of the total rocky desertification area of the county. In 2005 and 2010, when the rocky desertification was relatively severe, it was mainly at a moderate level in Xiling town, while it was mainly at a mild level in other years. In addition, the rocky desertification of Gongcheng county mainly occurred in the limestone area, accounted for 71.42%–75.85% of the total rocky desertification area of this county. But the rocky desertification area in orchards and shrub land accounted for 35.92%–39.21% and 31.77%–31.86% of the county’s total area, respectively. The study results indicate that there exist strong karstification, severe soil erosion/leakage, and insufficient materials and slow rates of soil forming due to the wide distribution of pure limestone in Gongcheng county. Besides, the long-term cultivation of single economic fruit forests such as peaches and plums in orchards has led to a decline in fruit tree quality, and a large number of fruit trees have been cut down in recent years, resulting in an exacerbation of rocky desertification. Therefore, the local authority in Gongcheng county should consider constructing three-dimensional ecological planting model in the karst areas such as Xiling town, Lianhua town and Ping'an town during the comprehensive treatment of rocky desertification, so as to promote the coordinated and sustainable development of ecological industry, rocky desertification control and social economy.
- Gongcheng county /
- rocky desertification /
- spatiotemporal evolution pattern /
- lithologic difference /
- land use type

HTML

图 1 研究区地理位置图

Figure 1. Geographical location of the study area

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图 2 2000—2021年恭城县轻度、中度、重度石漠化面积及石漠化发生率演变图

Figure 2. Variation of mild, intermediate and severe rocky desertification areas and their incidence rate in Gongcheng county from 2000 to 2021

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图 3 2000−2021年恭城县不同石漠化等级转移矩阵图

Figure 3. Transfer matrix of different rocky desertification grades in Gongcheng county from 2000 to 2021

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图 4 2000—2021年恭城县石漠化分布图

Figure 4. Distribution of rocky desertification in Gongcheng county from 2000 to 2021

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图 5 2000—2021年恭城县各乡镇不同等级石漠化面积统计图

Figure 5. Statistics of rocky desertification areas in different towns of Gongcheng county from 2000 to 2021

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表 1 恭城县石漠化等级划分及遥感影像判读标志

Table 1. Rocky desertification grade and interpretation signs of remote sensing image in Gongcheng county

石漠化等级	植被覆盖率/%	基岩裸露率/%	Landsat遥感影像判读标志	野外照片
无石漠化	＞70	＜20
潜在石漠化	50~70	20~30
轻度石漠化	35~50	30~50
中度石漠化	20~35	50~70
重度石漠化	＜20	＞70

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表 2 恭城县2000—2021年石漠化面积变化表

Table 2. Variation of rocky desertification areas in Gongcheng county from 2000 to 2021

石漠化等级	面积/km²					2000—2005年
石漠化等级	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2021年	变化面积/km²	动态度/%
无石漠化	392.23	262.49	294.42	403.08	394.53	−129.74	−6.62
潜在石漠化	374.34	218.83	255.35	316.35	349.55	25.77	28.81
轻度石漠化	30.67	94.82	83.85	58.88	56.82	64.15	41.83
中度石漠化	38.58	97.55	78.52	22.45	27.07	58.97	30.57
重度石漠化	30.56	37.18	35.25	7.63	13.62	6.62	4.33
石漠化合计	99.81	229.55	197.62	88.96	97.51	129.74	26.00

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石漠化等级	2005—2010年		2010—2015年		2015—2021年
石漠化等级	变化面积/km²	动态度/%	变化面积/km²	动态度/%	变化面积/km²	动态度/%
无石漠化	31.93	2.43	108.66	7.38	−8.55	−0.35
潜在石漠化	−4.59	−2.10	47.66	24.40	−41.75	−8.02
轻度石漠化	−10.97	−2.31	−24.97	−5.96	−2.06	−0.58
中度石漠化	−19.03	−3.90	−56.07	−14.28	4.62	3.43
重度石漠化	−1.93	−1.04	−27.62	−15.67	5.99	13.08
石漠化合计	−31.93	−2.78	−108.66	−11.00	8.55	1.60

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表 3 恭城县2000−2021年不同岩性区石漠化分布面积

Table 3. Distribution of rocky desertification in different lithologic areas in Gongcheng county from 2000 to 2021

岩性类型	年份	不同等级石漠化面积/km²					石漠化面积/km²
岩性类型	年份	无石漠化	潜在石漠化	轻度石漠化	中度石漠化	重度石漠化	石漠化面积/km²
灰岩	2000	262.55	9.17	20.87	27.12	23.29	71.28
	2005	154.71	23.89	63.34	72.17	28.94	164.45
	2010	177.25	22.51	56.59	58.92	27.77	143.28
	2015	219.87	55.91	44.20	17.05	5.94	67.19
	2021	243.34	25.65	42.69	20.63	10.63	73.96
白云岩与灰岩互层	2000	84.65	6.28	5.96	8.06	5.40	19.42
	2005	48.88	11.25	23.66	19.84	6.69	50.19
	2010	61.19	9.81	18.62	14.49	6.18	39.29
	2015	73.96	21.34	9.96	3.84	1.28	15.09
	2021	81.76	11.82	10.35	4.27	2.20	16.82
灰岩夹白云岩	2000	23.63	2.07	2.92	1.84	1.48	6.23
	2005	13.37	7.23	6.37	3.82	1.22	11.41
	2010	14.53	5.51	6.87	3.96	1.12	11.94
	2015	19.06	7.95	3.49	1.11	0.32	4.92
	2021	20.80	6.02	3.23	1.32	0.57	5.12
碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩	2000	1.53	0.24	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.02
	2005	0.49	1.00	0.23	0.02	0.00	0.25
	2010	0.75	0.77	0.24	0.02	0.00	0.26
	2015	0.87	0.83	0.08	0.00	0.00	0.08
	2021	0.56	1.13	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.10
碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩互层	2000	1.97	0.12	0.92	1.56	0.38	2.86
	2005	1.38	0.30	1.22	1.69	0.34	3.25
	2010	1.63	0.47	1.54	1.13	0.18	2.85
	2015	2.59	0.69	1.16	0.45	0.09	1.69
	2021	3.10	0.36	0.45	0.84	0.22	1.51

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表 4 2010—2021年恭城县不同土地利用类型区石漠化面积统计表

Table 4. Statistic of rocky desertification area in different land use types in Gongcheng county from 2010 to 2021

岩性类型	年份	不同等级石漠化面积/km²					石漠化面积/km²	石漠化发生率/%
岩性类型	年份	无石漠化	潜在石漠化	轻度石漠化	中度石漠化	重度石漠化	石漠化面积/km²	石漠化发生率/%
耕地	2010	19.45	0.25	1.31	3.56	2.97	7.84	28.48
耕地	2021	23.28	0.48	1.00	1.48	1.27	3.75	13.62
有林地	2010	17.81	12.91	11.23	4.90	1.48	17.60	36.42
有林地	2021	22.66	14.88	7.97	2.29	0.67	10.93	22.54
灌木林地	2010	53.62	13.68	32.08	22.58	6.94	61.60	47.79
灌木林地	2021	82.24	15.57	24.32	5.37	1.39	31.07	24.11
园地	2010	115.72	5.67	24.61	34.18	18.69	77.48	38.96
园地	2021	157.92	5.93	13.51	13.79	7.72	35.03	17.61
其他林地	2010	5.68	3.44	4.40	2.28	0.60	7.27	44.36
其他林地	2021	8.36	4.59	2.53	0.73	0.19	3.45	21.05
草地	2010	7.90	1.68	4.57	3.23	1.08	8.89	48.13
草地	2021	12.56	2.19	2.84	0.66	0.20	3.69	20.03
其他用地	2010	35.17	1.43	5.66	7.78	3.49	16.93	31.62
其他用地	2021	42.53	1.35	4.66	2.74	2.19	9.59	17.93

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