Benefit evaluation of comprehensive control of rocky desertification in Southwest Guangxi and the coupling and coordination relationship
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摘要: 为探究国家启动石漠化综合治理试点工程以来的成效，基于县域尺度，通过构建指标体系综合评估2010、2015和2020年桂西南石漠化治理的生态、经济和社会效益变化情况，并利用耦合协调度模型探究各县（区）石漠化治理效益间的耦合协调程度，以解析影响耦合协调性提升的限制因素。结果表明：（1）2010—2020年间桂西南石漠化治理效益指数排序为：生态效益>社会效益>经济效益，其中生态效益提升幅度最大，社会效益缓慢增长，经济效益提升速度有所降低，总体呈良性发展态势；（2）研究区石漠化治理成效状况存在差异，西北部及中部区域保持较高生态效益，而经济效益和社会效益较高值区主要分布在东南部“强首府战略”背景下的南宁市主城区及所辖宾阳县、横州市等区域；（3）“生态—经济—社会”效益三者耦合协调度均值在0.47~0.51之间，处于濒临失调和勉强协调状态；2020年各县（区）石漠化治理效益的耦合协调关系表现出不同程度的滞后现象，经济、社会效益滞后是制约石漠化治理效益耦合协调提升的关键因子。在后续的石漠化治理中，既要注重生态环境保护，也要加快经济社会高质量发展。Abstract:
Exploring the effectiveness of the pilot project on comprehensive control of rock desertification since its launch by China's government is of great significance for regional sustainable development. Jointly affected by the karst surface-underground geological structure and human activities, the natural ecological environment is fragile in southwest Guangxi, with frequent droughts and floods, severe soil erosion and rock desertification. Consequently, the socio-economic development in this region is relatively lagging behind. With the support of national policies, southwest Guangxi has been comprehensively carrying out projects of controlling rocky desertification, promoting the control of rocky desertification and poverty alleviation in a coordinated manner. According to "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Control of Rocky Desertification in Karst Areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region", southwest Guangxi is designated as an area for the control of cluster-peak depression, in which comprehensive control of rocky desertification has been carried out in terms of building ecological barriers, protecting biodiversity, and promoting the protection and the comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources. In order to further investigate the effectiveness of controlling rocky desertification in cluster-peak depression of southwest Guangxi, this study constructed an index system for evaluating the benefit of rocky desertification control from ecological, economic and social perspectives, and analyzed the effectiveness of the control in each county/district of southwest Guangxi in 2010, 2015 and 2020 by this index system. The results show that, (1) Benefit indexes of rocky desertification control in southwest Guangxi during 2010–2020 are ranked as follows: ecological benefit > social benefit > economic benefit. Among these indexes, the ecological benefit increased the most; social benefit grew slowly; economic benefit increased at a lower rate. The regional ecological environment and socio-economic conditions have been improved to a certain extent, showing overall benign development. (2) Counties/districts of southwest Guangxi have experienced differences in the effectiveness of rocky desertification control over the past 10 years. The northwestern and central regions have been maintaining high ecological benefits, while the areas with high economic and social benefits are mainly located in the main urban area of Nanning City and the areas under the jurisdiction of Binyang county and Hengzhou City in the southeast under the context of the "strong capital strategy", indicating that there is still much room for improvement in the effectiveness of rocky desertification control. As a result, the southeastern region should strengthen ecological and environmental protection, while the northwestern region should improve its socio-economic development. (3) The average values of the coupling and coordination degree of "ecological–economic–social" benefits are between 0.47 and 0.51, which is on the verge of disorder and barely coordinated state. The coupling and coordination relationship among the benefits of rocky desertification control in each county/district in 2020 showed lagged effects in different degrees, and the lagged economic and social benefits are the key factors limiting the effects of rocky desertification control. This indicates that the level of socio-economic development lags behind ecological governance in the control of rocky desertification. In the subsequent control of rocky desertification, it is necessary for us to focus on ecological and environmental protection and to accelerate high-quality socio-economic development as well. -
图 2 2010—2020年桂西南石漠化治理效益变化趋势
Figure 2. Benefit variation of rocky desertification control in southwest Guangxi from 2010 to 2020
图 3 2010—2020年桂西南石漠化治理生态效益空间格局演变
Figure 3. Spatial evolution of ecological benefits of rocky desertification control in southwest Guangxi from 2010 to 2020
图 4 2010—2020年桂西南石漠化治理经济效益空间格局演变
Figure 4. Spatial evolution of economic benefits of rocky desertification control in southwest Guangxi from 2010 to 2020
图 5 2010—2020年桂西南石漠化治理社会效益空间格局演变
Figure 5. Spatial evolution of social benefits of rocky desertification control in southwest Guangxi from 2010 to 2020
图 6 2010—2020年桂西南石漠化治理“生态−经济−社会”效益耦合协调度变化
Figure 6. Variation of the coupling and coordination degree of "ecological-economic-social" benefits of rocky desertification control in southwest Guangxi from 2010 to 2020
图 7 桂西南各县（区）石漠化治理的“生态−经济−社会”效益耦合协调度
Figure 7. Coupling and coordination degree of "ecological-economic-social" benefits of rocky desertification control in counties/districts of southwest Guangxi
表 1 桂西南石漠化综合治理效益评价指标体系及权重
Table 1. Evaluation index system and weight of comprehensive control of rocky desertification in southwest Guangxi
系统层 指标层 指标属性 权重 生态效益 植被覆盖度 + 0.1404 植物净初级生产力 + 0.1864 生物丰度指数 + 0.1860 土地垦殖率 − 0.2029 土地利用强度 + 0.2844 经济效益 人均GDP + 0.1331 经济密度 + 0.3096 农林牧渔业生产总值 + 0.1035 第一产业增加值 + 0.1036 第二产业增加值 + 0.1386 第三产业增加值 + 0.2089 社会效益 农村居民可支配收入 + 0.0748 公路密度 + 0.0553 居民储蓄存款 + 0.1276 普通中小学生人口数 + 0.0906 拥有医疗卫生床位数 + 0.2357 社会消费品零售额 + 0.4160 
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表 2 耦合协调度等级划分
Table 2. Grade division of coupling and coordination
取值范围 耦合协调度 取值范围 耦合协调度 0.00<D≤0.10 极度失调 0.50<D≤0.60 勉强协调 0.10<D≤0.20 严重失调 0.60<D≤0.70 初级协调 0.20<D≤0.30 中度失调 0.70<D≤0.80 中级协调 0.30<D≤0.40 轻度失调 0.80<D≤0.90 良好协调 0.40<D≤0.50 濒临失调 0.90<D≤1.00 优质协调
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表 3 桂西南石漠化治理各效益间耦合协调关系滞后类型划分
Table 3. Classification of lagging types of coupling and coordination relationship among various benefits of rocky desertification control in southwest Guangxi
类型划分 影响因素 分类依据 2020年包含的区域 单一因素影响型 生态效益滞后 $ {U}_{1} < {\overline{U}}_{1}，{U}_{2} > {\overline{U}}_{2}，{U}_{3} > {\overline{U}}_{3} $ 兴宁区、江南区、西乡塘区、良庆区、武鸣区、宾阳县 复合因素影响型 经济、社会效益滞后 $ {U}_{1} > {\overline{U}}_{1}，{U}_{2} < {\overline{U}}_{2},{U}_{3} < \overline{{U}_{3}} $ 马山县、德保县、靖西市、那坡县、乐业县、田林县、西林县、隆林县、宁明县、龙州县、大新县、天等县、凭祥市 全面滞后 $ {U_1} < {\overline U _1},{U_2} < {\overline U _2},{U_3} < {\overline U _3} $ 邕宁区、隆安县、上林县、田阳区、田东县、平果市、凌云县、江州区、扶绥县 注：$ {U_1} $、$ {U_2} $、$ {U_3} $分别表示研究区相应年份石漠化治理的生态、经济、社会效益；$ {\overline U _1} $、$ {\overline U _2} $、$ {\overline U _3} $分别表示研究区相应年份石漠化治理的生态、经济、社会效益平均值。
Note: $ {U_1} $、$ {U_2} $、$ {U_3} $ respectively represent the ecological, economic and social benefits of rocky desertification control in the corresponding years in the study area. $ {\overline U _1} $、$ {\overline U _2} $、$ {\overline U _3} $ respectively represent the average value of ecological, economic and social benefits of rocky desertification control in the corresponding years in the study area.
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