利用2015-2019年Sentinel-1数据监测武汉白沙洲岩溶区地表沉降特征

杨辰; 邓飞; 史绪国

doi:10.11932/karst2023y018

利用2015-2019年Sentinel-1数据监测武汉白沙洲岩溶区地表沉降特征

doi: 10.11932/karst2023y018

1.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
2.
广东省佛山地质局, 广东佛山 528000
3.
中国地质大学地理与信息工程学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目: 中国地质调查项目（DD20190432，DD20190343）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨辰（1989－），男，硕士，工程师，研究方向：岩溶地质信息化、岩溶区地质灾害识别与监测。E-mail：ychen@mail.cgs.gov.cn

中图分类号: P642.2；U231.94
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-05
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-19
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-30

Monitoring subsidence characteristics of Baishazhou karst area in Wuhan with Sentinel-1 images from 2015 to 2019

1.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/ Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
2.
Bureau of Foshan Geological Survey, Guangdong Province, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
3.
School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 武汉市白沙洲地区覆盖型岩溶分布广，地质条件十分复杂，历史上多次发生岩溶塌陷，地质问题突出，需要利用有效手段监测区域性地面塌陷，及时发现隐患。文章利用时序InSAR技术对覆盖2015年4月至2019年9月升轨Sentinel-1数据集分析，获取了武汉白沙洲地区地面沉降分布情况，最大年平均变形速率达30 mm·a⁻¹。对典型沉降中心的时序变形分析表明，白沙洲地区的岩溶区地面沉降与季节性降雨密切相关，且有一定的滞后。同时，对武汉地铁6号线车辆段的分析发现，日益加剧的人类活动引起严重的地面沉降，因此需密切注意周围建筑与基础设施的安全问题。本文的实验证明了时序InSAR方法在地表变形监测中的有效性，可在岩溶区地质灾害防治发挥重要作用。
- 岩溶区 /
- 地表沉降 /
- 时序InSAR /
- 降雨
Abstract: The karst region of southwest China includes , Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong and Chongqing. The region has a warm and humid climate with heavy rain, making it a zone of high incidence of geological disasters. China experienced 6,181 geological disasters in 2019, up 108.4% from 2,966 in 2018. These disasters caused the direct economic loss of 1.7 billion yuan, accounting for 61.4% of the total in China. Two hundred and twenty-four people are dead and missing, with 98 people in the karst mountainous areas of Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan.Numerous Chinese cities, including Guiyang, Guilin, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, etc., are situated in karst regions. According to statistics, more than 30 large and medium-sized cities and 420 counties and cities in China are located in high-risk locations for ground collapse. One of the primary causes of geological disasters like ground collapse and ground deformation in cities is the development of subsurface karst, abundant karst groundwater, and a specific thickness of soil layer. In Wuhan, there is a sizable region of covered karst with extremely complicated geological conditions that are primarily distributed in an NWW-SEE direction. The Yangtze River is crossed by several karst belts. Consequently, karst environmental geological problems are widespread in this region, and karst geological disasters have resulted in considerable financial losses. The survey data shows that there have been more than 40 karst collapses since 1994. Human engineering activities have increased in intensity with the ongoing urbanization. Geological disasters have been happening more frequently year after year.The technologies such geological radar detection, the automatic monitoring of sensor for water pressure dynamic change in karst pipeline system, the survey monitoring with the precise level, GPS monitoring, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), etc. are used to monitor surface deformation in karst areas. Among them, InSAR has been widely used as a method to monitor wide-range deformation with high precision in recent years. InSAR shows its advantages of all-weather, all-time, extensive spatial coverage, weather durability, and high precision, compared to other conventional monitoring techniques. In this study, the researchers used InSAR technology to conduct time series analysis on the data of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) such as TerraSAR-X, COSMOSkyMed, Sentinel-1, Radarsat-2, etc. This data was obtained in Wuhan at different time periods, which can indicate that the subsidence mainly occurred in soft soil areas and karst areas with intensified human activities.Situated in Wuhan at 30° 28′ 0′′–30° 32′ 24′′ north latitude and 114° 12′ 30′′–114° 18′ 45′′ east longitude, the study area covers the embankment of the Yangtze River and the Zhoutou sub-district in Hanyang district, Baishazhou sub-district in Wuchang district, and Zhangjiawan sub-district and Qingling sub-district in Hongshan district, in which the alluvial lacustrine plain and the denudation accumulation hillock are dominant landforms and the terrace is developed in the river valley. Holocene loose sediments from the Quaternary primarily cover the surface. Clayey soil makes up the higher portion of the lithology, and silty fine sand makes up the lower portion. The risk of a karst collapse is high because the loose deposits are buried beneath soluble carbonate rocks. The historical karst collapse spots in the study area, mainly situated in the alluvial lacustrine plain. Due to intensified human activities, the incidence of karst collapse has also been increasing year by year, which can be indicated by 23 karst collapses between 1931 and 2019.In this study, the elevated orbit Sentinel-1 SAR data set covering the high incidence area of karst collapse in Baishazhou, Wuhan, was analyzed with the time series of InSAR. Additionally, the land subsidence in the study area was identified and analyzed from April 2015 to September 2019. In the study area, the surface is mainly covered by loose deposits of the Quaternary Holocene, with cohesive soil in the upper part and fine sand in the lower part. The underlying soluble carbonate rocks under loose deposits may pose a high risk of karst collapse. Land subsidence resulted from the weight of the Quaternary soil covering the karst area has significantly increased by the concentrated summer rain. At high incidence zones of karst collapse in Baishazhou sub-district and Zhangjiawan sub-district, seasonal deformation signals connected to rainfall are discovered based on time series analysis, and the deformation rate is roughly 15 mm·a⁻¹. Attributed to human construction activities, ground subsidence with a maximum deformation rate of 30 mm·a⁻¹ was also discovered in the depot of Metro Line 6 and Qingling sub-district. This study establishes the value of InSAR technology in identifying geological risks in karst regions. A significant amount of SAR data can be offered for geological disasters in karst areas thanks to the development of Sentinel-1 and the upcoming NISAR mission of the United States. It is anticipated that, in the future, land subsidence monitoring products with large range, high precision and hightime-resolution will be available for the prevention and control of geological disasters.
- karst area /
- surface subsidence /
- time series InSAR /
- rainfall

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图 1 实验区地貌分区

Figure 1. Geomorphological zoning of the experimental area

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图 2 Sentinel-1干涉对组合

Figure 2. Sentinel-1 interference pair combination

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图 3 利用Sentinel-1数据提取的实验区平均变形速率图

Figure 3. Average deformation rate of experimental area extracted by Sentinel-1 data

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图 4 白沙洲岩溶区地面沉降速率图

Figure 4. Land subsidence rate in the karst area of Baishazhou

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图 5 P1点累积沉降与降雨

Figure 5. Cumulative settlement and rainfall at P1

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图 6 地铁6号线地面沉降速率图

Figure 6. Ground subsidence rate of Metro Line 6

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图 7 P2点累积沉降与降雨

Figure 7. Cumulative settlement and rainfall at P2

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