张玉坑磷石膏集中库岩溶水文地质调查与示踪

赵志豪; 王孔伟; 周准; 刘士元; 张凯元; 王岚

doi:10.11932/karst2023y017

张玉坑磷石膏集中库岩溶水文地质调查与示踪

doi: 10.11932/karst2023y017

赵志豪^{1, 2,},
王孔伟^{1, 2, ,},
周准^{1, 2},
刘士元^{1, 2},
张凯元^{1, 2},
王岚^{1, 2}

1.
三峡库区地质灾害教育部重点实验室, 湖北宜昌 443002
2.
三峡大学土木与建筑学院, 湖北宜昌 443002

基金项目: 湖北省创新群体项目（2020CFA049），国家自然科学基金重点项目（U2034203）联合资助；Hubei Provincial Innovation Group Project (2020CFA049)；Supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2034203)

详细信息

作者简介:
赵志豪（1996－），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为地质灾害防治及成因机理。E-mail：17628153486@163.com

通讯作者:
王孔伟（1966－），男，博士，副教授，硕士研究生导师，研究方向为地质灾害防治与成因机理。E-mail：wongkongwei@126.com

中图分类号: P641.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-06
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-10
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-30

Karst hydrogeological survey and tracing of Zhangyukeng phosphogypsum repository

ZHAO Zhihao^{1, 2
,},
WANG Kongwei^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHOU Zhun^{1, 2},
LIU Shiyuan^{1, 2},
ZHANG Kaiyuan^{1, 2},
WANG Lan^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
2.
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China

摘要

摘要: 磷石膏是生产磷酸过程中产生的废弃物，对其最有效的处理方法就是采取集中堆填处理。张玉坑磷石膏集中库就是一个典型的磷石膏堆填场所，建造磷石膏集中库对地质环境要求严格，涉及磷石膏堆填体稳定性问题，同时还涉及对地下水可能造成的污染。文章在野外地质调查、钻井岩心观察、地球物理剖面解释的基础上，利用示踪评价技术，对研究区岩溶发育及岩溶水的径流、排泄特征进行评价，得出如下结论：①张玉坑磷石膏集中库所在冲沟与临谷无任何水力联系，不会发生向临谷的地下水渗漏；②NE向岩溶管道的存在控制着张玉坑地区岩溶水的径流和排泄，排泄通道唯一，地质点（D5）是该区存在的接触式下降泉——岩溶地下水的排泄通道；③示踪曲线具有拖尾特征的单峰式曲线，地下岩溶管道类型单一，相对简单，同时也说明试验区地下岩溶较为发育，存在着由地质点（D2）到地质点（D5）的主流径通道，且通道畅通；④磷石膏堆填场地的理想要求就是具有相对独立的地下水文地质单元，与临谷没有水力联系，排泄通道单一清楚，张玉坑磷石膏集中库岩溶水文地质条件基本满足上述要求，满足建库水文地质条件。
- 张玉坑磷石膏集中库 /
- 水文地质条件 /
- 地下水 /
- 示踪试验
Abstract: The most effective treatment of phosphogypsum—the waste generated in the production of phosphoric acid—is centralized landfill. Given the stability of phosphogypsum landfill and possible pollution to groundwater, Zhangyukeng phosphogypsum repository, a typical phosphogypsum landfill site, should be established in accordance with strict requirements on the geological environment. In this study, based on the field geological survey, observation of drilling cores and interpretation of geophysical profiles, the tracer evaluation technology was used to evaluate karst development and to analyze characteristics of karst water runoff and discharge in the study area. The following conclusions are drawn as follows. Firstly, the gullies where Zhangyukeng phosphogypsum repository is located have no hydraulic connection with the adjacent valley; therefore, there will be no groundwater leakage to the adjacent valley. Secondly, NE karst pipelines control the runoff and discharge of karst water in Zhangyukeng area. The discharge channel is unique and the geological point (D5) is the contact-type descending spring existing in this area—the discharge channel of karst groundwater. Thirdly, the tracer curve is a unimodal one with trailing characteristics, and the type of underground karst pipeline is single with relatively simple structures, which shows that the underground karst in the experimental area is developed and there is a main path channel with smooth flow between two geological points from D2 to D5. In conclusion, from the perspective of hydrogeological conditions, the building of a phosphogypsum landfill should meet the requirements that there exists a relatively independent underground geological unit without the hydraulic connection with the adjacent valley, and the discharge channel is single and clear. The karst hydrogeological conditions of Zhangyukeng phosphogypsum repository basically satisfy the above requirements and meet the hydrogeological conditions for its construction.
- Zhangyukeng phosphogypsum repository /
- hydrogeological conditions /
- groundwater /
- tracer test

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图 1 研究区地质图

Figure 1. Geological map of the study area

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图 2 研究区地形地貌卫片图

Figure 2. Relief and geomorphic map of the study area

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图 3 张玉坑横向地质剖面图（垂直背斜枢纽方向）

Figure 3. Horizontal geological profile of Zhangyukeng (in the direction of vertical anticline pivot)

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图 4 李坪西侧山体泥岩产状

Figure 4. Occurrence of mudstone on the west side of Liping

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图 5 李坪东侧山体泥岩产状

Figure 5. Occurrence of mudstone on the east side of Liping

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图 6 张玉坑与临谷岩溶发育联系特征图

Figure 6. Connection between Zhangyukeng and the karst development of the adjacent valley

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图 7 张玉沟纵向岩溶体系

Figure 7. Vertical karst system of Zhangyugou

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图 8 地质点（D1）落水洞特征

Figure 8. Characteristics of sinkholes at the geological point (D1)

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图 9 地质点（D2）控制岩溶通道节理构造特征

Figure 9. Joint structure characteristics of the karst channel controlled by the geological point (D2)

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图 10 地质点（D3）控制落水洞节理构造特征

Figure 10. Joint structure characteristics of the sinkhole controlled by the geological point (D3)

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图 11 地质点（D4）控制落水洞节理构造特征

Figure 11. Joint structure characteristics of the sinkhole controlled by the geological point (D4)

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图 12 地质点（D5）张玉坑地区唯一泉水出露点

Figure 12. Geological point (D5)—the only spring outcrop point in Zhangyukeng area

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图 13 张玉坑岩溶管道物探解释成果图

Figure 13. Results of geophysical exploration of the karst pipeline in Zhangyukeng

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图 14 张玉坑与李坪之间山梁部位岩溶管道物探解释成果图

Figure 14. Results of geophysical exploration of the karst pipeline in the mountain ridge between Zhangyukeng and Liping

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图 15 李坪南部岩溶管道物探解释成果图

Figure 15. Results of geophysical exploration of the karst pipeline in the south of Liping

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图 16 张玉坑磷石膏集中库岩溶地下水的径流排泄通道

Figure 16. Discharge channel of the karst groundwater runoff in Zhangyukeng Phosphogypsum Repository

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图 17 荧光素钠浓度历时曲线

Figure 17. Time-lapse curve of sodium fluorescein concentration

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图 18 示踪穿透曲线类型及水文地质意义

Figure 18. Tracer curve types and hydrogeological interpretation

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表 1 岩溶地下水示踪试验情况一览表

Table 1. List of the tracer test of karst groundwater

投放地点	示踪剂类型	投放量/g	试验时间	接收地点
地质点（D2）	荧光素钠	500	2021年4月24日11点开始，历时62 h，持续降雨20 h	地质点（D5）

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表 2 示踪试验主要参数一览表

Table 2. Main parameters of the tracer test

投放点	接收点	直线距离/m	水力梯度/%	初现时间/h	峰值时间/h	最大流速/m·h⁻¹	优势流速/m·h⁻¹	平均流速/m·h⁻¹	回收率/%
地质点（D2）	地质点（D5）	983	7.42	7	12	134	81	16	89.8

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表 3 示踪试验估算的水文地质参数

Table 3. Hydrogeological parameters estimated by the tracer test

参数	管道储水体积/m³	管道平均横截面积/m²	管道平均直径/m	弥散系数/ m²·s⁻¹	纵向弥散度/m	摩擦系数（f）	雷诺兹数（N_R）	舍伍德数（N_sh）	施密特数（N_sc）
数值	1 713	2.5	0.84	0.506	783.6	0.033	9673	841.4	1 140

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