亚热带岩溶森林类型和坡位对碳酸盐岩溶蚀的影响

侯满福; 刘雨婷; 张杰; 贺露炎; 梁江弈

doi:10.11932/karst2023y010

亚热带岩溶森林类型和坡位对碳酸盐岩溶蚀的影响

doi: 10.11932/karst2023y010

侯满福^{1, 2,},
刘雨婷^{1, 2},
张杰³,
贺露炎^{1, 4},
梁江弈¹

1.
广西师范大学环境与资源学院, 广西桂林 541004
2.
珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室（广西师范大学）, 广西桂林 541004
3.
内江师范学院地理与资源科学学院, 四川内江 641100
4.
中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 吉林长春 130102

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(31960233)；广西师范大学博士启动基金

详细信息

作者简介:
侯满福（1976－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事岩溶植被生态和碳循环研究。E-mail：houmanfu@163.com

中图分类号: P642.25；X171.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-19
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-07
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-28

Influence of forest types and slope positions on dissolution rates of carbonate rocks in the karst area in subtropical China

HOU Manfu^{1, 2
,},
LIU Yuting^{1, 2},
ZHANG Jie³,
HE Luyan^{1, 4},
LIANG Jiangyi¹

1.
College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education(Guangxi Normal University), Guiling, Guangxi 541004, China
3.
School of Geography and Resource Science of Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuang 641100, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China

摘要

摘要: 文章采用标准溶蚀试片法对比两种亚热带岩溶森林不同坡位的碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率，并分析其与土壤CO₂含量（pCO₂）和土壤含水量的对应关系。结果表明：青冈林的平均溶蚀速率（5.22±0.99 mg·cm⁻²·a⁻¹）显著高于化香树林（3.58±2.59 mg·cm⁻²·a⁻¹）；青冈林的土下溶蚀速率在垂直剖面上先增加后递减，峰值位于土下20 cm，而化香树林的随土壤深度增加而增加；青冈林不同坡位的溶蚀速率差异不显著，而化香树林中坡显著高于上坡和下坡；不同森林类型坡位间的溶蚀速率未表现一致规律。森林类型间溶速率差异与土壤含水量有较好的对应而与土壤pCO₂相反，森林内坡位间及土壤垂直剖面的溶蚀速率差异与土壤pCO₂有更好对应性。亚热带不同岩溶森林类型间溶蚀速率差异显著，可用土壤含水量较好解释；不同坡位间差异没有一致规律，但可用土壤pCO₂较好解释。
- 标准溶蚀试片 /
- 碳酸盐岩风化 /
- 溶蚀速率 /
- 森林类型 /
- 碳汇
Abstract: Carbonate rock weathering has great carbon sink potential. Vegetation is an important driven factor of carbonate rock dissolution. However, the relationship between vegetation types and carbonate weathering is still left unknown. In order to reveal the effects of forest types on carbonate rock weathering, the dissolution rates of carbonate rocks at different slope positions in two typical subtropical karst forests were compared in details based on the in-situ dissolution tests of standard rock test pieces, and the corresponding relationship between the rates and soil CO₂ content (pCO₂) and soil water content (SWC) were analyzed based on seasonal measured data.The study area is located in the suburb of Guilin, South China, which has a subtropical seasonal climate with an average annual temperature of 20.2 ℃ and an average annual precipitation of 1,996.0 mm. Precipitation is concentrated from April to September, synchronous with the high temperature in summer. The landforms of peak cluster depressions and peak forest plain around the study area are the most typical in the world and were added to the UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2014. Stretching from the foot to the place near the peak of limestone hills, Cycolobalanopses glauca forest and Platycarya strobilacea forest, the representatives of subtropical karst forests, were selected as research objects in the study area. The community dominated by C. glauca is widely distributed in the karst region of N25°-N31° and E105°-E120°, and is the most important climax community in the subtropical karst region of China. P. strobilacea is one of the most common dominant species or constructive species in evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests, forming a more widely distributed forest type than C. glauca forest in the subtropical karst area.Standard rock test pieces were respectively placed in the air 100 cm above ground, on the surface of soil, -20 cm, -50 cm, and -70 cm (if possible) in the soil of downhill slope, middle hill slope and uphill slope from 30/11/2014 to 17/12/2017 in each forest type. The soil pCO₂ and SWC of each test place were measured seasonally.The results show that the dissolution rate of carbonate rock in C. glauca forest (5.22 ± 0.99 mg·cm⁻²·a⁻¹) was significantly higher than that in P. strobilacea forest (3.58 ± 2.59 mg·cm⁻²·a⁻¹). In vertical profile, the dissolution rate under soil experienced a decrease after an increase, peaking at 20 cm below ground in C. glauca forest while the rate kept rising with the increase of soil depth in P. strobilacea forest. The differential of dissolution rates did not show consistency at different slope positions of the two forest types. There was no significant difference in rates at three slope positions in C. glauca forest, but the rate was significantly higher on the middle slope than those on the upper and down slopes in P. strobilacea forest. The dissolution rates of the two forests well corresponded to their SWC, but were opposite with their soil pCO₂. The dissolution rates at different slope positions and in vertical profiles well corresponded to soil pCO₂.There are significant differences in dissolution rates among different forest types in the subtropical karst area, which can be explained by SWC. There is not a consistent pattern on dissolution rates of slope positions between the two forest types, but their differences could be explained by soil pCO₂. Our results highlight the importance of distinguishing the influence of community types, their SWC and soil pCO₂ on dissolution rates of carbonate rock in the subtropical karst area.
- standard tablet /
- carbonate weathering /
- dissolution rate /
- forest type /
- carbon sink

HTML

图 1 研究区示意图

Figure 1. Location of the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 亚热带岩溶区青冈林和化香树林碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率的垂直剖面差异（a）及不同坡位的土下平均溶蚀速率（b）(柱子上的字母相同表示差异不显著，不同表示差异显著)

Figure 2. Dissolution rates of carbonate rock in vertical profile (a) and average dissolution rates under soil (b) at different slope positions in C. glauca forest and P. strobilacea forest in the subtropical karst area of China. The same alphabet on colums means insignificant difference, and different alphabet means significant difference

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图 3 两种岩溶森林不同垂直空间层位的溶蚀速速率

Figure 3. Dissolution rates at vertical positions in two forest types

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图 4 青冈林和化香树林不同坡位（a）和不同剖面深度（b）的土壤pCO₂季节动态

Figure 4. Seasonal variation of soil pCO₂ in different slope positions(a) and soil depths(b) of C. glauca forest and Platycarya strobilacea forest

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 青冈林和化香树林不同坡位土壤含水量的季节变化(a)及其降水量月动态特征(b)

Figure 5. Seasonal variation of soil water content in different slope positions (a) and monthly precipitation (b) of C. glauca forest and Platycarya strobilacea forest

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 溶蚀试片实验点的自然环境状况

Table 1. Environmental characteristics of dissolution test sites

群落类型	坡位	海拔/m	坡度	坡向	重要值(常绿∶落叶)
青冈林	上	269	20°	96°	76.4∶23.6
	中	233	15°	96°	93.0∶7.0
	下	197	12°	96°	86.9∶13.1
化香树林	上	213	15°	345°	21.5∶78.5
	中	183	25°	345°	27.1∶72.9
	下	160	18°	345°	18.4∶81.6

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