湘西北地区岩溶地下水水化学与氘氧同位素特征分析

廖驾; 朱振华; 彭毅; 韦珊瑚; 罗朝晖; 刘状; 徐强强; 谢亘

doi:10.11932/karst2023y003

湘西北地区岩溶地下水水化学与氘氧同位素特征分析

doi: 10.11932/karst2023y003

廖驾^1,,
朱振华¹,
彭毅^1, ,,
韦珊瑚²,
罗朝晖²,
刘状¹,
徐强强¹,
谢亘³

1.
中国地质调查局长沙自然资源综合调查中心, 湖南长沙 410600
2.
中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉 430074
3.
中国地质调查局廊坊自然资源综合调查中心, 河北廊坊 065000

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目（DD20211557, ZD20220309）

详细信息

作者简介:
廖驾（1987－），男，工程师，主要从事基础地质调查研究工作。E-mail：liaojia2143@163.com

通讯作者:
彭毅（1988－），男，助理工程师，主要从事生态地质调查研究工作。E-mail：zrzy_py@163.com

中图分类号: P641.134
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-30
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-14
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-30

Analysis on D/¹⁸O and hydrochemical characteristics of karst groundwater in northwestern Hunan Province

1.
Changsha General Survey of Natural Resources Centre, China Geological Survey, Changsha, Hunan 410600, China
2.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
3.
Langfang General Survey of Natural Resources Centre, China Geological Survey, Langfang, Hebei 065000, China

摘要

摘要: 湘西北地区岩溶地下水水化学研究是地下水资源合理开发与利用的保证，文章在全面采集区内地下水水样进行水化学和同位素分析的基础上，利用氘氧同位素和综合水文地球化学研究方法对该区地下水的来源与组分成因进行探讨。结果表明：（1）研究区内岩溶水化学特征整体上三个区之间差异不大，但各区之间地下水组分的来源与成因仍有较大的不同，其主要来源于碳酸盐岩矿物的溶滤，并伴有不同程度的石膏等其他矿物溶滤，在龙山地区（I区）以方解石/白云石、石膏溶滤为主；永顺—凤凰地区（Ⅱ区）内，酉水流域地下水主要以白云岩溶滤为主；武水流域地下水中钙镁离子浓度受灰岩、白云岩溶滤作用共同影响。石门地区（Ⅲ区）主要离子来源于灰岩溶滤，地下水中钠钾离子、氯离子有多种来源；（2）研究区内氘氧同位素体现出明显的大陆效应和高程效应，泉相对井和暗河地下水系统具有相对封闭性，氘盈余则反映泉相对于暗河是一种快循环、短停留时间的系统。
- 岩溶地下水 /
- 水化学特征 /
- 氘氧同位素 /
- 湘西北地区
Abstract: Understanding hydrochemistry of karst water in northwestern Hunan is the foundation for reasonable utilization of water resources. The study on the causes of water sources and the evolution process of solute components is of great scientific value and practical significance. However, most of the research on this area has focused on the optimal allocation of water quantity and the evaluation of local water quality in the past few years. There is lack of research on hydrological geochemical characteristics and control factors based on groundwater systems, and hence a need of further research on the systematic understanding and utilization of local karst groundwater. This study takes the karst water system in northwestern Hunan Province as a case, aiming to reveal the characteristics, the evolution law and causes of hydrochemistry in this area. The research findings are hoped to play a positive guiding role in the sustainable development, and utilization and integrated management of regional groundwater resources.On the basis of hydrochemical and isotopic analyses of water samples collected in the study area, the source and composition origin of groundwater in this area have been explored with isotope D and ¹⁸O and with the comprehensive hydrogeochemical research method of multivariate statistics and hydrochemistry (piper trilinear diagram and ion scale coefficient). The results show that although there is little difference among three study zone on the whole, the sources and genesis of groundwater components are still quite different. According to the pipper three-line chart and the Gibbs chart, it can be seen that the main component of groundwater mainly derives from the dissolution and leaching of carbonate, accompanied by different degrees of the leaching of gypsum and other minerals. Concentrations of potassium, sodium ions and chloride ions are generally low, which is related to the low content of salt rocks in the carbonate formation and weak effect of evaporative concentration. Because the alternating adsorption of cations is weak, it is not the main influencing factor of the groundwater chemistry in the study area. Longshan area (Zone I), mainly presents the leaching of calcite/dolomite and gypsum. The water abundance in karst aquifers is high and the interaction between water and rock is rapid. In Yongshun-Fenghuang area (Zone II), groundwater in the Youshui basin mainly presents the leaching of dolomite and the concentrations of potassium and sodium ions are affected by the leaching of rock salt. In the Wushui basin, the joint leaching effect of limestone and dolomite that influences the concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions in groundwater, together with the leaching of silicate rock, augments the concentrations of potassium and sodium ions. In Shimen county (Zone III), the main source of ions comes from the leaching of limestone, and there are multiple sources of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions in groundwater. Besides, the recharge source of groundwater in the study area is mainly atmospheric precipitation, groundwater generally replenished directly through sinkholes, karst pipelines, karst funnels, etc. The isotope D and ¹⁸O of groudwater in the study area presents obvious continental and elevation effects. It is believed that springs show more closure properties compared with wells and underground river systems. Since the study area is a karst landform in an arc-shaped mountainous area, the terrain is severely cut, and the elevation of the sampling point is not very representative of the average supply elevation of springs and underground river systems. The deuterium surplus reflects that the spring system is the one with a faster cycle and shorter retention compared with the system of underground river. However, the underground river has a longer supply source, a wider range of replenishment, a longer movement time and a longer flow of water underground, and stronger water-rock interaction.
- karst water /
- hydrochemical characteristics /
- hydrogen and oxygen isotopes /
- northwestern Hunan Province

HTML

图 1 研究区岩溶地下水采样点分布图

Figure 1. Distribution of karst groundwater sampling points in the study area

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图 2 岩溶地下水Piper三线图

Figure 2. Piper trigram of karst groundwater

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图 3 研究区岩溶地下水Gibbs图

Figure 3. Gibbs diagram of karst groundwater in the study area

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图 4 Mg/Ca与${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$关系

Figure 4. Relationship between Mg/Ca and ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$

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图 5 矿物饱和指数与TDS的关系

Figure 5. Relationship between saturation index of mineral and TDS

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图 6 研究区地下水Ca²⁺与${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$关系图

Figure 6. Relationship between Ca²⁺ and ${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$ of Groundwater in the study area

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图 7 研究区地下水Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺-${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$-${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$与Na⁺+K⁺-Cl⁻关系图

Figure 7. Relationship between Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺-${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$-${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$and Na⁺+K⁺-Cl⁻ of groundwater in the study area

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图 8 研究区地下水K⁺+Na⁺与Cl⁻关系图

Figure 8. Relationship between （K⁺+Na⁺） and Cl⁻ of groundwater in the study area

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图 9 地下水的δD-δ¹⁸O关系

Figure 9. δD - δ¹⁸O relationship of different water bodies

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图 10 δ¹⁸O和取样点高程的关系

Figure 10. Relationship between δ¹⁸O and elevation of sampling point

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图 11 δD和取样点高程的关系

Figure 11. Relationship between δD and the elevation of sampling point

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图 12 不同岩溶区d值变化

Figure 12. Variation of d values in different karst areas

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表 1 研究区地下水水化学统计表

Table 1. Statistical table of groundwater hydrochemistry in the study area

	统计项	pH	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl⁻	${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$	${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$	TDS
Ⅰ区	最小值	6.81	0.69	−	28.10	4.68	0.51	2.22	109.83	39.80
	最大值	8.46	2.03	11.70	120.00	25.7	15.30	16.10	378.31	157.00
	均值	7.84	1.12	2.29	49.25	12.50	2.65	9.09	188.42	76.89
	标准偏差	0.44	0.40	3.65	26.82	6.82	4.51	3.95	75.18	31.49
	变异系数	0.06	0.36	1.59	0.54	0.55	1.71	0.43	0.40	0.41
Ⅱ区	最小值	6.94	0.08	−	46.20	2.96	0.45	6.85	167.18	72.00
	最大值	8.20	11.80	11.30	87.00	50.00	10.40	81.1	402.71	214.00
	均值	7.38	2.26	1.45	66.81	28.66	3.40	21.90	269.75	124.46
	标准偏差	0.29	2.66	2.74	10.74	13.69	2.59	18.94	62.13	32.50
	变异系数	0.04	1.18	1.89	0.16	0.48	0.76	0.86	0.23	0.26
Ⅲ区	最小值	6.60	0.73	−	47.50	2.61	2.24	12.30	128.14	78.10
	最大值	8.11	6.97	6.43	128.00	14.20	13.70	69.40	352.68	189.00
	均值	7.32	2.23	1.57	87.34	8.17	6.21	34.86	219.93	140.47
	标准偏差	0.48	1.92	2.16	29.23	3.28	3.80	18.97	76.99	42.65
	变异系数	0.07	0.86	1.38	0.33	0.40	0.61	0.54	0.35	0.30
注：pH无量纲,其余水化学组分单位均为(mg·L⁻¹)， “−”表示未检出。 Note: pH is dimensionless. For other hydrochemical components, the units are all mg·L⁻¹,"−" indicates that it is not detected.

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表 2 岩溶水SAR值计算结果统计

Table 2. Statistics of the SAR value of karst water

区域	项目	SAR
Ⅰ区	最大值	3.43
	最小值	0
	平均值	0.67
Ⅱ区	最大值	0.96
	最小值	0
	平均值	0.14
Ⅲ区	最大值	0.78
	最小值	0
	平均值	0.22

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表 3 地下水δD-δ¹⁸O特征

Table 3. Characteristics of δD-δ¹⁸O in groundwater

	变化范围/‰	平均值/‰	δ¹⁸O与δD关系
δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW	−6.00~-8.44	−6.88	δD=6.57δ¹⁸O+2.74，R²=0.84
δD_V-SMOW	−36.80~53.66	−42.57	δD=6.57δ¹⁸O+2.74，R²=0.84

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表 4 不同水体氢氧同位素特征及d值

Table 4. Characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and d values in different water bodies

类型	δ¹⁸O变化范围/‰	δ¹⁸O平均值/‰	δD变化范围/‰	δD平均值/‰	d变化范围/‰	d平均值/‰
泉	−8.44~−6.12	−6.60	−53.66~−38.47	−40.47	9.24~16.74	12.83
井	−6.69~−6.57	−6.63	−43.47~−38.97	−41.22	10.06~13.62	11.84
地下暗河	−7.78~−6.00	−6.80	−51.11~−36.80	−43.77	8.23~11.87	10.62

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