被动源面波法在城市居民区建筑间的应用

邬健强; 陈松; 徐俊杰; 郑智杰; 刘永亮; 王越

doi:10.11932/karst20230613

被动源面波法在城市居民区建筑间的应用

doi: 10.11932/karst20230613

邬健强^1,,
陈松^1, ,,
徐俊杰¹,
郑智杰^{2, 3},
刘永亮^{2, 3},
王越⁴

1.
中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心(中南地质科技创新中心), 湖北武汉 430205
2.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心,广西桂林 541004
3.
广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 广西平果 531406
4.
武汉轻工大学马克思主义学院，湖北武汉 430023

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目（DD20230237）;国家自然科学基金（42107485）；

详细信息

作者简介:
邬健强（1990－），男，工程师，主要从事岩溶灾害及地下水勘探方法研究。E-mail：1191261549@qq.com

通讯作者:
陈松（1985－），男，高级工程师，主要从事近地表地震体波、面波成像方面研究。E-mail：anhuisongchen@163.com

中图分类号: P631.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-11
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-01

Application of the method of passive surface wave to the exploration of urban residential area

WU Jianqiang^1
,,
CHEN Song^{1
, ,},
XU Junjie¹,
ZHENG Zhijie^{2, 3},
LIU Yongliang^{2, 3},
WANG Yue⁴

1.
Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey (Geosciences Innovation Center of Central South China), Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
2.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
3.
Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo, Guangxi 531406, China
4.
Wuhan Polytechnic University School of Marxism, Wuhan, hubei 430023,China

摘要

摘要: 城镇中的人文噪声和工业生产对传统的地球物理调查方法（重、磁、电、震）有极大的干扰限制，鉴于此，文章采用抗干扰能力强、受场地条件影响小的被动源面波法在城市居民区进行地下空间勘探的应用。研究结果表明：（1）被动源面波法在城市地区地下空间勘探中是一种有效的物探方法，其施工排列灵活多变，适应性强且不受外界干扰；（2）根据扩展的空间自相关法（ESPAC）处理得到视横波速度剖面能有效地对地下土洞、岩溶破碎带及溶洞等进行响应；（3）结合多条网状测线剖面结果，绘制不同深度的视横波速度水平切片图能有效对地下空间结构进行评价。
- 被动源面波法 /
- 频散曲线 /
- 扩展的空间自相关法(ESPAC) /
- 视横波速度V_x
Abstract: With the rapid development of cities, people are paying increasing attention to urban ground subsidence and underground space. As a means to directly explore the structure of subsurface media, geophysical methods are increasingly being applied to solve the geophysical and geological problems on shallow surface in urban areas. Due to the various electromagnetic interference produced by the human noise and industrial production in cities, the application of traditional geophysical survey methods (gravity, magnetism, electricity and earthquake) is greatly limited in densely populated urban areas, but the human noise provides an effective source for the method of passive surface wave.The method of passive surface wave has developed rapidly due to its strong anti-interference capacity and little influence by site conditions. Specifically, this method has been used in karst collapse detection, prediction of overburden thickness, detection of velocity structure of underground shear wave, site effect evaluation, geothermal resource exploration, active fault detection, urban geological survey and other fields. Since the study area is located in an urban residential area whose ground had subsided, it is urgent to find out the geological structure of the underground medium. The authors adopt the method of passive surface wave for exploration and application research. The core of this method lies in the extraction of the dispersion curve. There are two most commonly used methods at present. One is the method of frequency-wave number domain (F-K method), and the other is the method of spatial autocorrelation (SPAC method). In this study, the authors mainly adopt the latter, while for irregular arrays, the method of extended spatial autocorrelation (ESPAC) is used.The main exposed strata in this study area lies successively as follows: the overlying clay in light yellow and brick red and gravel in Quaternary Holocene Guiping Formation (Qhg), and the underlying bedrock composed of thick limestone in light gray and gray-white in the upper segment of Devonian Upper Rongxian Formation (D₃r³). There is no fault structure developed in the area. The overburden is characterized by low velocity. The complete limestone shows characteristics of obviously high velocity. When there are fissures or even water-filled caves in the limestone, the high velocity will be significantly weakened, which is the geophysical premise for the application of this method.Due to the narrow space and the criss-crossing buildings in the area, the method of linear passive surface wave was adopted in actual data collection. The SUMMIT seismograph of the German DMT company was adopted as the instrument to collect data, and a vertical geophone of 4.5 Hz was used to receive data. One-time layout at intervals of 2 m was completed, and the whole survey line was received at the same time. Each survey line collected 20 or more records, and the sampling time of each record was 32,768 ms with the sampling frequency of 500 Hz. Before indoor processing, the original data were extracted in an orderly manner according to the spread length of 11 traces. The specific processing flow included preprocessing, extraction of dispersion curve, calculation of apparent shear wave velocity and drawing of apparent S-wave velocity profiles. The apparent shear wave velocity V_x is a physical parameter of surface wave different from the phase velocity V_r and the shear wave velocity V_s. It has a velocity dimension. Because it avoids the influence of human factors such as setting the initial model and selecting the inversion results during the inversion process, the apparent shear wave velocity was chosen.In this study, the characteristics of apparent shear wave velocity in the backfilling area for the original subsidence were firstly interpreted and analyzed, and then the characteristics of other survey lines were interpreted. The profiles and the slice diagrams at different depths of the apparent shear wave velocity show that: (1) The thickness of overburden layer in this area ranges from several meters to more than ten meters, and the thickness varies greatly at or near the sudden change in velocity. According to the comparison with the backfill area of original subsidence, the obvious abnormal features indicate that the upper soil layer is disturbed and developed in the solution groove, and karst caves are developed in the deep part, resulting in soil leakage and then ground subsidence. (2) Survey lines reveal that the karst in the bedrock is mostly developed within 30 m, mainly composed of Zone I—a strong karst development zone. Zone I is mainly distributed under and around Building 10 in a residential area, with a wide range and a certain extension direction. It is speculated to be a strong runoff zone with the main trend of north-south direction. (3) The statistical results of apparent shear wave velocity of multiple survey lines show that the apparent shear wave velocity range of the overburden in this study area is 220–380 m·s⁻¹, and the intact limestone is 580–920 m·s⁻¹. However, due to the development of fissures in broken limestone, its range is 390–510 m·s⁻¹, and the apparent shear wave velocity of water-filled cave is relatively lower at the range of 340–430 m·s⁻¹.
- method of passive surface wave /
- dispersion curve /
- method of extended spatial auto-correlation (ESPAC) /
- apparent S-wave velocity V_X

HTML

图 1 研究区地质简图

1. 泥盆系上统融县组上段灰岩 2. 第四系全新统桂平组黏土 3. 第三系上统南康组碎屑岩 4. 湖泊 5. 公路 6. 物探测区

Figure 1. Geology of the study area

1. Dolomite of the upper segment of Devonian Upper Rongxian Formation 2. Clay of Quaternary Holocene Guiping Formation 3. Clastic rocks of Upper Tertiary Nankang Formation 4. Lakes 5. Highway 6. Testing zone of geophysical prospecting

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图 2 物探测线布置图

Figure 2. layout of geophysical prospecting

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图 3 实际野外数据采集示意图

Figure 3. Schematic map of field data acquisition

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图 4 H1线被动源面波原始数据图

Figure 4. Original data map of passive surface wave of Line H1

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图 5 H1线1-11道被动源面波原始数据图

Figure 5. Original data map of passive surface wave for traces 1-11 of Line H1

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图 6 V1-V2视横波速度剖面图

Figure 6. Apparent S-wave velocity profiles of Lines V1-V2

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图 7 H1-H5线视横波速度剖面图

Figure 7. Apparent S-wave velocity profiles of Lines H1-H5

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图 8 不同深度视横波速度切片图

Figure 8. Slice maps of apparent S-wave velocity at different depths

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图 9 综合物探解译平面图

Figure 9. Plan map of comprehensive geophysical interpretation

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表 1 各测线推测的异常位置统计表

Table 1. Inferred abnormal position of each survey line

测线	点号/m	面波测量点号/m	推测异常位置/m
H1	56~150	66~140	80~88,98~104,110~130
H2	50~118	60~108	94~102
H3	48~138	58~128	82~90,120~128
H4	50~148	60~140	62~70,84~90,122~130
H5	56~120	66~110	88~94,96~104
V1	50~108	60~98	64~72,92~98
V2	48~110	58~100	88~98

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表 2 各测线不同介质的视横波速度统计表

Table 2. Apparent shear wave velocity of different medium for each survey line

测线	覆盖层/m·s⁻¹	破碎灰岩/m·s⁻¹	充水溶洞/m·s⁻¹	完整灰岩/m·s⁻¹
H1	220~380	400~490	370~430	580~850
H2	220~370	390~480	350~400	580~850
H3	220~350	400~480	340~420	580~850
H4	220~360	400~500	350~410	580~850
H5	220~370	400~510	360~420	580~850
V1	240~380	410~480	360~410	600~920
V2	240~360	400~470	370~420	600~920

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