鲁中隆起北缘地热区岩溶热储水化学特征及形成机理

江露露; 隋海波; 康凤新; 李常锁; 魏善明; 于令芹; 李越

doi:10.11932/karst20230514

鲁中隆起北缘地热区岩溶热储水化学特征及形成机理

doi: 10.11932/karst20230514

江露露^{1, 2,},
隋海波^{1, 2, ,},
康凤新^{1, 2, 3, 4},
李常锁^{1, 2},
魏善明^{1, 2},
于令芹^{1, 2},
李越^{1, 2}

1.
山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队, 山东济南 250014
2.
山东省地下水环境保护与修复工程技术研究中心, 山东济南 250014
3.
山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院, 山东青岛 266590
4.
山东省地热清洁能源探测开发与回灌工程技术研究中心, 山东德州 253072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(42072331； U1906209)

详细信息

作者简介:
江露露（1988－），女，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事地热地质及水工环地质研究。E-mail：jiangllu@163.com

通讯作者:
隋海波（1979－），男，高级工程师，博士，主要从事地热地质及水工环地质研究。E-mail：hbsui@sina.com

中图分类号: P641.134；P314.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-20
- 录用日期: 2023-07-25
- 修回日期: 2023-07-22
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-01

Hydrogeochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of the karst thermal reservoir at the northern edge of the Luzhong Uplift

JIANG Lulu^{1, 2
,},
SUI Haibo^{1, 2
, ,},
KANG Fengxin^{1, 2, 3, 4},
LI Changsuo^{1, 2},
WEI Shanming^{1, 2},
YU Lingqin^{1, 2},
LI Yue^{1, 2}

1.
801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
2.
Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
3.
College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
4.
Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Geothermal Clean Energy Exploitation and Reinjection, Dezhou, Shandong 253072, China

More Information

Corresponding author: SUI Haibo, E-mail: hbsui@sina.com

摘要

摘要: 通过研究鲁中隆起北缘岩溶热储地热水水化学特征，分析岩溶热储地热水的形成机理。以鲁中隆起北缘地热区内32个地热井为研究对象，采用Piper图解、Schoeller图解、离子组分比率特征、同位素特征、Na−K−Mg平衡图解、矿物饱和指数计算与评价等方法，研究地热水的补给来源、水岩作用过程、运移途径、循环演化特征和形成机理。结果表明：在岩溶地下水向地热田径流方向上，岩溶地下水的水化学类型与地热水的明显不同，岩溶水的TDS含量呈增加趋势，而${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$含量百分比呈现降低趋势；同一地热田区段的地热水水化学成分相似、水化学类型相同。研究区地下热水中微量组分F、Li、Sr、偏硅酸等含量表现出增加的趋势。通过使用玉髓地热温标计算的地热区岩溶热储温度为39~70 ℃，地热水的循环深度为856~1 877 m，结合测温曲线特征分析，确定研究区地热系统为对流−传导型。水文地球化学演化、离子组分比率、同位素等多种分析方法，揭示出岩溶热储地热水的补给来源为地热区南部泰山北麓山区晚更新世寒冷气候条件下古大气降水的入渗；大气降水入渗补给岩溶含水层后，经地下水深循环径流运移，在大地热流、地下水运移传导−对流加热作用下形成地热水。
- 岩溶热储 /
- 地热水 /
- 同位素特征 /
- 地热温标 /
- 成因机理
Abstract: The geothermal area in the northern edge of the Luzhong Uplift is located between Mount Tai and the northwest plain of Shandong. In terms of the geotectonic division, the study area is located in the Luzhong Uplift of the Luxi Uplift in the North China Plate, which is fan-shaped with the arc facing north in the plane, and it is a monoclinal structure with the stratum tilting gently to the north. There is a very thick layer of Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate strata in the northern edge of the Luzhong Uplift, which has the geothermal geological conditions for the formation of a large karst geothermal field. Under the influence of the collision of the Pacific Plate and Eurasian Plate, especially the tectonic activity on the rim of the Pacific Plate since the Mesozoic, NW and NE oriented fracture structures have been widely developed in the study area. This combination of tectonic structures with different ages and properties provides the preconditions for the formation of karst geothermal resources characterized by the convection-conduction between low and medium temperatures in this area. The main aquifer in the study area is the Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate aquifer, which is directly or indirectly replenished by atmospheric precipitation in the exposed karst area in the upper and middle reaches. Some of the precipitation is concentrated and flows out in a small area, and the remaining water continues to flow to form a karst water enrichment zone in the downstream piedmont, intermountain basins and hidden limestone distribution areas in the valleys.The karst thermal reservoirs in the northern edge of the Luzhong Uplift in Shandong Province are rich in low-and medium-temperature geothermal resources, which are characterized by a large water yield and easy recharge. Thus, we can study the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the geothermal water to analyze the formation mechanism of the geothermal resources, which is of great significance in promoting the effective development and utilization of geothermal resources. In this study, 32 geothermal wells in the geothermal area in the northern edge of the Luzhong Uplift are studied, and the Piper diagram, Schoeller diagram, ion component ratio characteristics, isotopic characteristics, Na-K-Mg ternary diagram, mineral saturation index and SiO₂ geothermal temperature scale are used to analyze the recharge source, water-rock interactions, transport pathway, and cyclic evolution characteristics of the geothermal water.The results show that in the evolution of karst groundwater into geothermal water, the hydrogeochemical types gradually change from HCO₃·SO₄-Ca and HCO₃-Ca to SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca, SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na, SO₄·HCO₃-Ca, HCO₃·SO₄-Ca and Cl·SO₄-Na·Ca, and the TDS content increases successively. The contents of ${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, F⁻, Li, Sr and H₂SiO₃ increase continuously, while the percentage of ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ content decreases. The temperatures, chemical compositions, and ion contents and characteristics of the karst water formed in different sections of the geothermal field are different, which proves that the recharge sources, circulation depths, and circulation paths of the karst water at different depths and in different sections of the geothermal field are different. The karst water with a lower temperature comes from the shallow and middle circulation flow system, while the geothermal water with a higher temperature in the deep part comes from the deep circulation with a larger circulation depth and a longer path of the cycle.The aquifers of the carbonate reservoirs in the study area are composed of limestone and dolomite deposited in a marine environment. The metamorphic coefficient (γNa/γCl), Cl/Br ratio, and desulfurization coefficient indicate that the aquifers of the carbonate reservoirs in the study area are poorly sealed, and the atmospheric precipitation gradually leaches the rock salt-bearing strata, so the geothermal water shows its characteristics of dissolved water. According to the Na-K-Mg equilibrium diagram, the hydrothermal water in the carbonate reservoir in the geothermal area at the northern edge of the Luzhong Uplift is in a non-equilibrium area and is not saturated. That is, the water-rock interaction has not reached the equilibrium state, and the dissolution is still in progress.The temperature of karst thermal reservoir in the geothermal area is 39–70 ℃, and the circulation depth of geothermal water is 856–1,877 m. By calculating the thermal storage temperature and the circulation depth of the geothermal water and combining with the analysis of the characteristics of the temperature measurement curve, it was determined that there is not only a conduction-type geothermal system but also a convection-conduction-type system in the study area.The geothermal water samples from the study area are distributed near the regional precipitation line, and the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions are similar to those of modern atmospheric precipitation, indicating direct or indirect recharge via the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation. According to the ¹⁴C ages of the geothermal water at the northern edge of the Ludong Uplift and the significantly negative hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of the geothermal water, the main source of the geothermal water supply is paleo-atmospheric precipitation in the southern mountainous area under the cold climate conditions during the Late Pleistocene, and after infiltration, the subsurface runoff is heated by the Earth's heat flow through deep circulation.
- karst thermal reservoir /
- geothermal water /
- isotopic characteristics /
- geothermometer /
- formation mechanism

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图 1 鲁中隆起北缘区域地质构造略图

Figure 1. Geological map of the tectonic structures at the northern edge of the Luzhong Uplift

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图 2 研究区部分地热井测温曲线对比图

Figure 2. Comparison of temperature measurement curves of several geothermal wells in the study area

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图 3 研究区地热水、岩溶地下水TDS含量、${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$含量变化图

Figure 3. Variations in the TDS and ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ percentage composition of the geothermal water and karst groundwater in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 研究区地热水、岩溶地下水水化学性质Piper图

Figure 4. Piper diagram of the hydrochemical properties of the geothermal water and karst groundwater in the study area

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图 5 研究区地热田地热水和鲁中山前地带岩溶地下水、泉水的Schoeller图

Figure 5. Schoeller diagram of the geothermal water in the study area and the karst groundwater and spring water at the northern edge of Luzhong

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图 6 研究区地热水、岩溶地下水δD−δ¹⁸O关系曲线图

Figure 6. δD-δ¹⁸O curves for geothermal water and karst groundwater in the study area

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图 7 研究区地热水、岩溶地下水（泉水）的Na−K−Mg平衡图解

Figure 7. Diagram of Na-K-Mg equilibrium of geothermal water and karst groundwater (spring) in the study area

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图 8 研究区地热水Cl−SO₄−HCO₃三角图

Figure 8. Cl-SO₄-HCO₃ ternary diagram for geothermal water in the study area

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图 9 淄博地热田地热系统成因模式图

Figure 9. Genesis model of the geothermal system in the Zibo geothermal field

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表 1 研究区岩溶热储地下热水、岩溶地下冷水样品信息

Table 1. Sample information of karst geothermal water and underground cold water in the study area

水样类型	地热田		样品序号	采样位置	井深/m	热储顶板埋深/m	取样时间
岩溶地下热水	聊东地热田		BY1	聊城地震水化站	2 337.72	826.00	2017.01
			BY2	聊城单官屯海润温泉	1 035.00	897.00	2006.06.04
			BY3	聊城昌华温泉酒店	1 378.53	845.00	2015.08.29
	济北地热田	南部边界	BY4	齐河东盟国际生态城	1 907.25	746.00	2017.06.28
		南部边界	BY5	齐河李家岸	653.41	246.55	2022.03.05
		近济南岩体北缘地热异常区	BY6	齐河油房赵村	643.64	194.00	2013.04.08
		西段	BY7	齐河古城苑	2 210.00	1 500.00	2022.03.05
			BY8	济南桑梓店村	419.10	210.47	2013.10.12
			BY9	济南北郊林场	904.95	770.10	2022.03.09
			BY10	济南大马庄	1 312.34	1 078.00	2013.11.29
			BY11	齐河省地热基地	1 601.57	1 306.53	2022.03.05
			BY12	齐河开发区国科温泉	1 734.19	1 444.00	2004.06.14
			BY13	济南天桥祝家村	1 532.06	960.00	2021.01.04
		中段	BY14	济阳高官屯村	1 800.56	1 152.00	2013.01.10
		东段桃园—坝子	BY15	济南坝子村	576.90	293.00	2022.03.05
			BY16	济南桃园村	782.77	413.00	2022.03.05
			BY17	济南荷花温泉	806.30	404.90	2022.03.05
		东段	BY18	济阳韩家村	1 401.62	1 065.00	2020.12.16
			BY19	济南大李家村	1 601.00	976.00	2022.03.14
			BY20	济南马家村	1 123.55	649.00	2017.06.28
			BY21	济南济钢温泉	706.00	616.20	2016.10.26
			BY22	济南鸭旺口村	777.13	672.70	2013.01.11
			BY23	济南鸭旺口村	792.78	537.20	2004.08.24
			BY24	济南温泉小区	1 802.00	600.00	2022.03.05
	章丘地热田		BY25	济南章丘区枣园镇史家	428.77	378.31	2009.12.06
	章丘地热田		BY26	济南章丘宁家埠镇小桑	1 511.10	950.00	2017.10.17
	淄博地热田		BY27	淄博桓台盛圆国际酒店	1 703.60	1 398.00	2018.12
			BY28	淄博张店焦化煤气公司	1 500.07	1 178.00	2012.05.24
			BY29	淄博张店黄金国际小区	2 003.68	1 333.37	2009.08.17
			BY30	淄博张店黄金国际小区	1 800.18	1 335.00	2008.08.11
			BY31	淄博张店黄金国际小区	1 804.00	1 323.56	2010.06.07
			BY32	张店地矿家园-	1 801.70	1 363.00	2014.05.29
岩溶地下冷水			L1	洪范池			2020.09.21
			L2	平阴杨河村			2017.09
			L3	归德沙河辛村			2020.09.22
			L4	大涧沟			2014.11.09
			L5	趵突泉			2022.06.07
			L6	黑虎泉			2022.06.07
			L7	边庄			2020.09.22
			L8	刘智远东北			2018.10.05
			L9	滩头			2017.09
			L10	白泉			2022.06.08
			L11	百脉泉			2019.03.28
			L12	章丘蒲黄			2020.04.03
			L13	孝直北十里铺村			2017.09
			L14	淄博淄川邹家村			2018.12
			L15	淄博淄川转道村			2018.12

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表 2 研究区岩溶热储地下热水、岩溶地下冷水水质分析一览表/mg·L⁻¹

Table 2. Analysis of water quality of karst geothermal water and underground cold water in the study area/mg·L⁻¹

地热田		样品序号	pH	水温/℃	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$	${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$	Cl⁻	F⁻	Br⁻	TDS	Li	Sr	SiO₂	偏硅酸	水化学类型
聊东地热田		BY1	7.0	59.0	735.47	164.03	760.00	54.00	176.96	1 738.69	1 598.80	3.12	2.70	5 161.65	0.73	8.96	11.25	14.63	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
		BY2	6.8	62.0	701.10	154.00	834.70	57.68	160.40	1 680.20	1 657.40	3.90	2.08	5 292.70	0.94	15.14	31.98	41.57	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
		BY3	7.5	60.0	719.29	153.88	775.00	53.50	164.82	1 778.32	1 574.40	3.40	2.60	5 170.17	0.37	6.67	8.50	11.05	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
济北地热田	南部边界	BY4	7.9	41.0	128.66	38.16	44.99	6.57	292.12	311.44	37.49	1.20	<0.10	881.50	0.01	7.51	20.34	26.44	SO₄·HCO₃-Ca
	南部边界	BY5	7.4	34.0	112.00	31.90	55.00	5.52	285.10	246.00	35.70	0.78	<0.10	655.00	/	3.74	20.10	26.13	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca
	近济南岩体北缘地热异常区	BY6	7.7	38.0	234.71	62.55	88.00	9.40	218.22	684.04	97.41	1.60	0.25	1 418.53	/	/	19.04	24.75	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca
	西段	BY7	7.2	46.0	500.00	86.30	99.00	13.60	229.92	1 290.00	146.00	2.67	<0.10	2 271.00	/	6.27	17.04	22.15	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca
		BY8	7.8	33.0	453.60	106.80	121.80	14.51	181.76	1 430.19	126.19	1.99	0.15	2 364.81	0.19	9.74	17.77	23.10	SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na
		BY9	7.7	43.2	590.00	120.00	187.00	20.10	211.53	1 943.00	240.00	2.67	0.40	3 235.00	/	13.08	25.13	32.67	SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na
		BY10	7.1	43.0	637.42	141.78	135.75	18.43	178.03	2 094.49	122.91	2.68	0.46	3 279.99	0.23	11.72	21.20	27.56	SO₄·HCO₃-Ca·Mg
		BY11	7.3	57.0	634.00	125.00	242.00	22.90	217.66	1 807.00	381.00	3.00	0.55	3 357.00	/	13.10	31.53	40.99	SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na
		BY12	7.1	55.5	640.86	138.07	140.50	19.08	174.10	2 006.87	136.36	2.89	0.12	3 284.15	0.22	12.76	24.65	32.04	SO₄·HCO₃-Ca·Na
		BY13	7.2	50.1	635.00	129.00	156.00	21.62	163.05	1 990.00	183.00	2.62	/	3 218.00	0.57	13.20	26.56	34.53	SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na
	中段	BY14	7.4	56.0	556.77	121.89	350.00	28.00	166.30	2 006.20	274.90	3.50	0.60	3 537.56	1.08	8.78	24.95	32.44	SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na
	东段桃园—坝子	BY15	8.0	35.7	235.00	20.40	175.00	14.30	257.51	476.00	244.00	2.18	<0.10	1 318.00	/	4.23	20.47	26.61	SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na
		BY16	7.3	33.0	282.00	58.90	229.00	17.60	263.65	661.00	335.00	2.25	0.25	1 739.18	/	4.96	20.56	26.73	SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na
		BY17	7.4	38.0	382.00	77.90	307.00	22.60	239.12	1 010.00	505.00	2.30	0.45	2 449.00	/	6.25	20.36	26.47	SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na
	东段	BY18	7.8	49.0	961.00	141.00	1 322.00	69.10	150.00	2 146.00	2 396.00	2.05	/	7 135.37	/	/	22.87	29.73	Cl·SO₄-Na·Ca
		BY19	6.9	45.0	887.00	141.00	1 257.00	61.40	49.05	2 297.00	2 184.00	2.07	0.55	6 862.00	/	17.05	2.07	2.69	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
		BY20	7.4	45.0	863.65	138.81	1 234.50	63.36	100.93	2 242.00	2 384.11	1.20	4.50	7 057.77	0.01	7.51	20.34	26.44	Cl·SO₄-Na·Ca
		BY21	7.3	43.0	878.20	129.10	1 314.00	70.84	103.98	2 309.40	2 439.82	2.74	3.16	7 277.04	2.04	16.13	24.94	32.42	Cl·SO₄-Na·Ca
		BY22	7.4	41.0	834.15	140.18	1 166.67	33.33	106.60	2 261.54	1 961.17	2.00	/	6 475.06	/	/	17.92	23.30	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
		BY23	7.3	39.0	863.05	149.99	1 400.00	70.00	110.65	2 276.20	2 369.24	3.00	3.88	7 273.14	0.05	2.12	26.00	33.80	Cl·SO₄-Na·Ca
		BY24	8.6	52.0	670.00	132.00	1 244.00	68.40	42.92	1 905.00	1 914.00	1.97	0.65	5 974.00	/	16.80	13.39	17.41	Cl·SO₄-Na·Ca
章丘地热田		BY25	7.6	41.0	673.82	95.83	747.51	67.28	205.88	2 320.04	798.63	2.17	1.45	4 830.00	1.48	13.09	23.77	30.90	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
章丘地热田		BY26	7.1	45.5	852.83	141.65	1 054.00	55.84	191.71	2 324.72	1 809.72	2.41	3.10	6 602.05	1.53	15.93	14.82	19.26	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
淄博地热田		BY27	7.5	36.0	245.43	37.21	800.00	/	255.06	1 684.02	481.14	1.60	0.73	3 421.49	1.55	10.09	29.60	38.48	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
		BY28	7.9	44.0	622.55	81.63	812.50	85.88	309.23	2 503.76	695.42	3.50	/	5 166.86	/	/	25.18	32.73	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
		BY29	6.8	53.0	432.06	61.25	890.00	62.50	296.03	2 003.81	691.31	2.74	1.58	4 469.32	1	9.75	26.48	34.43	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
		BY30	6.8	60.0	586.00	74.30	935.00	102.00	362.00	2 495.00	800.00	1.12	1.00	5 020.00	<0.74	7.00	30.62	39.80	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
		BY31	7.6	55.0	493.79	58.70	893.00	80.75	344.65	2 163.27	726.08	5.00	/	4 628.71	1.48	5.96	30.01	39.01	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
		BY32	7.3	44.1	383.16	60.41	775.00	30.91	199.44	1 700.69	635.89	1.50	0.75	3 719.02	2.46	9.37	24.86	32.32	SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca
岩溶地下冷水		L1	7.8		137.00	15.60	14.80	0.74	249.53	125.00	31.80	0.33	<0.10	522.75	0.007	0.36	13.91	18.08	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca
		L2	7.2		110.00	13.30	14.30	0.50	279.00	50.80	22.60	0.38	<0.10	419.00	/	0.36	7.50	9.75	HCO₃-Ca
		L3	7.7		104.00	17.10	16.20	0.78	273.88	44.90	43.40	0.44	<0.10	440.23	0.009	0.36	16.58	21.55	HCO₃-Ca
		L4	8.0		102.56	19.76	7.14	0.43	273.15	70.16	27.03	0.40	/	422.83	0.007	0.38	14.85	19.31	HCO₃-Ca
		L5	7.6		131.00	21.20	28.70	1.22	292.00	109.00	59.80	0.23	<0.1	559.37	0.015	0.41	15.95	20.74	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca
		L6	7.7		146.00	23.90	43.70	1.35	326.00	128.00	77.60	0.23	<0.1	653.90	0.016	0.40	16.91	21.98	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca
		L7	8.1		103.00	22.80	22.50	0.99	228.40	92.90	51.10	0.26	/	459.67	0.012	0.45	13.68	17.78	HCO₃-Ca
		L8	7.6		162.40	32.25	28.48	0.70	356.99	147.52	60.89	0.30	0.37	676.77	0.007	0.31	15.49	20.14	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca
		L9	7.2		108.00	26.80	14.50	0.70	281.00	71.30	46.60	0.39	/	498.00	/	0.64	13.33	17.33	HCO₃-Ca
		L10	7.9		120.00	24.60	14.20	0.95	307.00	72.80	37.60	0.32	/	472.68	0.016	0.46	15.05	19.57	HCO₃-Ca
		L11	7.5		136.67	26.62	17.36	0.96	326.61	130.16	26.59	0.15	/	560.00	/	/	12.02	15.63	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca
		L12	7.5		94.30	23.00	40.30	3.45	284.28	96.80	29.00	0.23	/	478.00	/	/	11.67	15.17	HCO₃-Ca
		L13	7.2		218.00	37.00	32.40	0.45	388.00	121.00	112.00	0.32	/	895.00	/	0.74	15.69	20.40	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca
		L14	7.5		171.00	24.40	28.30	1.10	301.00	187.00	65.60	<0.02	/	726.00	/	0.30	9.31	12.10	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca
		L15	7.7		130.65	24.88	15.40	0.65	299.80	89.26	45.97	0.21	/	546.40	/	/	13.18	17.13	HCO₃-Ca

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表 3 研究区地热水离子组分比率系数一览表

Table 3. Ratio coefficients of ion components of the geothermal water in the study area

地热田		样品编号	γNa/γCl	Cl/Br	100×γSO$_4^{2}$/γCl⁻	[γC1⁻/(γ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$+γ${\rm{CO}}_3^{2-}$)]	TDS/mg·L⁻¹
聊城地热田		BY1	0.73	592.15	40.16	15.55	5 161.65
		BY2	0.78	796.83	37.44	17.78	5 292.70
		BY3	0.76	605.54	41.71	16.44	5 253.00
济北地热田	南部边界	BY4	1.85	−	306.79	0.22	881.50
	南部边界	BY5	2.37	−	254.48	0.22	655.00
	近济南岩体北缘地热异常区	BY6	1.39	389.64	259.33	0.77	1 418.53
	西段	BY7	1.05	−	326.30	1.09	2 271.00
		BY8	1.49	841.27	418.55	1.19	2 364.81
		BY9	1.20	600.00	298.98	1.95	3 235.00
		BY10	1.70	−	629.32	1.19	3 279.99
		BY11	0.98	692.73	175.15	3.01	3 357.00
		BY12	1.59	1 136.33	543.52	1.35	3 284.15
		BY13	1.31	−	401.59	1.93	3 218.00
	中段	BY14	1.96	458.17	269.51	2.84	3 537.56
	东段桃园—坝子	BY15	1.11	−	72.04	1.63	1 318.00
		BY16	1.05	1 340.00	72.87	2.19	1 739.18
		BY17	0.94	1 122.22	73.86	3.63	2 449.00
	东段	BY18	0.85	−	33.08	27.48	7 135.37
		BY19	0.89	3 970.91	38.84	76.61	6 862.00
		BY20	0.80	529.80	34.73	40.64	7 057.77
		BY21	0.83	772.09	34.96	40.37	7 277.04
		BY22	0.92	−	42.59	31.65	6 475.06
		BY23	0.91	610.63	35.48	36.84	7 273.14
		BY24	1.00	2 944.62	36.76	76.73	5 974.00
章丘地热田		BY25	1.44	550.78	107.28	6.67	4 830.00
章丘地热田		BY26	0.90	583.78	47.44	16.24	6 602.05
淄博地热田		BY27	2.56	2 405.70	129.26	3.25	3 421.49
		BY28	1.80	−	132.96	3.87	5 166.86
		BY29	1.98	437.54	107.04	4.02	4 469.32
		BY30	1.80	800.00	115.18	3.80	5 020.00
		BY31	1.90	−	110.03	3.62	4 628.71
		BY32	1.88	847.85	98.77	5.49	3 719.02

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表 4 研究区地热水、岩溶地下冷水水样同位素测试结果

Table 4. Isotope composition of the geothermal water and underground cold water samples in the study area

样品编号	地热田		δD/(SMOW, ‰)	T/TU	δ¹³C/‰	pMC/%	¹⁴C/ka BP	¹⁴C校正/ka BP	δ¹⁸O/(SMOW, ‰)
BY1	聊东地热田		−72.80	<0.5	−9.40	5.19±0.40	24.45±0.64	19.47	−9.20
BY2	聊东地热田		−80.67	−	−	3.22±0.48	28.39±1.22	−	−9.46
BY4	济北地热田	南部边界	−71.30	−	−6.50	4.20±0.10	25.42	19.37	−10.10
BY5		南部边界	−68.40	−	−7.00	14.00±0.10	15.81	10.25	−9.40
BY6		近济南岩体北缘地热异常区	−68.00	11.48±2.14	−	9.02±1.01	19.89±0.92	−	−9.70
BY8		西段	−	−	−	9.81±3.45	19.19±2.91	−	−
BY9			−76.20	6.83±2.21	−	3.97±0.70	26.68±1.45	−	−10.00
BY11			−75.40	0.67±1.90	−5.40	0.40±0.00	44.23	36.24	−10.20
BY14		中段	−76.00	8.80±1.00	−	−	−	−	−10.50
BY15		东段桃园—坝子	−66.50	−	−4.32±0.25	22.27±0.17	12.07±0.06	7.40	−9.20
BY16			−62.80	6.76±2.06	−	−	−	−	−9.20
BY17			−72.00	12.98±2.01	−3.77±0.36	5.89±0.07	22.75±0.09	11.93	−9.80
BY19		东段	−	−	−3.77±0.19	2.37±0.044	30.08±0.15	19.05	−
BY21		东段	−73.00	1.51±2.07	−3.83±0.33	0.72±0.04	39.64±0.41	29.24	−9.80
BY25	章丘地热田		−75.00	−	−	12.85±1.55	16.96±1.00	−	−9.90
BY29	淄博地热田		−74.00	−	−	2.11±0.59	31.89±2.29	−	−9.80
L2	岩溶地下冷水		−65.00	−	−9.60	66.83±1.47	3.33±0.19	−	−8.80
L4			−57.30	−	−	−	−	−	−8.10
L5			−54.60	−	−	−	−	−	−7.80
L6			−60.00	−	−	−	−	−	−8.60
L9			−58.90	−	−	−	−	−	−9.10
L10			−57.80	−	−7.63±0.41	73.48±0.25	2.48±0.03	−	−8.00

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表 5 研究区地热水矿物饱和指数计算结果

Table 5. Indexes of the mineral saturation of geothermal water samples from the study area

样品编号	硬石膏	文石	方解石	玉髓	蛇纹石	白云石	萤石	石膏	岩盐	O₂(g)	石英	钾盐	滑石
样品编号	CaSO₄	CaCO₃	CaCO₃	SiO₂	Mg₆[Si₄O₁₀](OH)₈	CaMg(CO₃)₂	CaF₂	CaSO₄·2H₂O	NaCl		SiO₂	KCl	3MgO·4SiO₂·H₂O
BY1	−0.02	0.33	0.45	−0.04	−2.21	0.63	0.15	−0.03	−5.73	−29.72	0.31	−6.53	1.78
BY2	−0.14	0.05	0.18	0.10	−3.59	0.03	0.11	0.01	−4.24	−34.37	0.48	−5.23	0.50
BY6	−0.03	0.38	0.51	0.08	−3.05	0.64	0.20	0.06	−4.35	−32.86	0.45	−5.28	1.05
BY7	−0.10	0.25	0.38	0.10	−3.91	0.40	0.12	0.03	−4.96	−34.06	0.48	−5.53	0.18
BY8	−0.17	0.41	0.53	0.02	−3.38	0.62	−0.16	−0.16	−4.94	−30.56	0.37	−5.78	0.69
BY9	−0.03	0.49	0.61	−0.41	−2.08	0.99	0.07	−0.07	−4.66	−28.91	−0.07	−5.52	1.20
BY11	−0.02	0.46	0.58	0.02	−0.97	0.91	0.22	−0.09	−4.61	−28.10	0.35	−5.49	3.18
BY14	−0.76	0.04	0.18	0.07	−4.40	0.20	−0.51	−0.60	−6.70	−34.98	0.47	−7.30	−0.38
BY17	−1.37	−0.15	−0.01	0.07	−5.40	−0.14	−1.23	−1.16	−7.32	−36.23	0.47	−7.91	−1.45
BY18	−0.39	0.06	0.20	0.05	−4.72	0.15	−0.13	−0.17	−6.48	−36.55	0.46	−7.01	−0.81
BY19	−0.13	0.23	0.36	0.08	−3.33	0.43	0.37	−0.02	−5.96	−33.40	0.46	−6.59	0.76
BY20	−0.07	0.38	0.51	−0.04	−4.57	0.53	−0.93	−0.03	−4.73	−34.23	0.31	−6.64	1.72
BY22	−0.90	0.01	0.15	0.06	−5.31	0.02	−0.24	−0.69	−5.94	−36.39	0.47	−6.64	−1.37
BY23	−0.22	0.17	0.31	0.04	−4.44	0.31	0.69	0.00	−4.75	−36.55	0.44	−5.66	−0.56
BY25	−0.29	0.20	0.33	0.02	−4.23	0.33	−0.09	−0.13	−5.05	−34.98	0.41	−5.89	−0.32
BY27	−0.35	0.11	0.25	0.66	−5.58	0.00	−0.24	0.00	−5.67	−40.91	1.11	−6.16	−0.63
BY28	−0.34	−0.06	0.09	0.47	−6.48	−0.39	0.53	0.01	−4.68	−40.91	0.92	−5.52	−1.90
BY29	−0.30	0.12	0.27	0.36	−6.53	−0.08	0.53	0.05	−4.95	−40.91	0.80	−5.48	−2.18
BY30	−0.49	−0.02	0.13	0.38	−6.77	−0.32	0.21	−0.13	−4.90	−40.91	0.83	−5.61	−2.38
BY31	−0.33	0.16	0.31	0.44	−6.49	−0.01	−0.49	0.02	−4.83	−40.91	0.89	−5.35	−1.97
BY32	−0.17	0.80	0.93	0.28	−6.21	1.51	−0.59	−0.06	−4.93	−40.12	0.65	−5.08	−1.86

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表 6 运用地球化学温标计算的热储温度

Table 6. Thermal reservoir temperatures calculated by geochemical temperature scales

样品编号	井深/m	pH	K/ mg·L⁻¹	Na/ mg·L⁻¹	Mg/ mg·L⁻¹	SiO₂/ mg·L⁻¹	地球化学温标计算结果				井口水温/℃
样品编号	井深/m	pH	K/ mg·L⁻¹	Na/ mg·L⁻¹	Mg/ mg·L⁻¹	SiO₂/ mg·L⁻¹	S1/℃	S2/℃	S3/℃	S4/℃	井口水温/℃
BY2	1 035.00	6.8	57.68	834.70	154.00	31.98	82.1	82.0	50.9	70.0	62.0
BY4	1 907.25	7.9	6.57	44.99	38.16	20.34	64.1	66.5	32.0	53.1	41.0
BY5	653.41	7.4	5.52	55.00	31.90	20.10	63.6	66.1	31.6	52.7	34.0
BY6	643.64	7.7	9.40	88.00	62.55	19.04	61.6	64.3	29.5	50.8	38.0
BY7	2 210.00	7.2	13.60	99.00	86.30	17.04	57.5	60.7	25.2	47.0	46.0
BY8	419.10	7.8	14.51	121.80	106.80	17.77	59.1	62.1	26.8	48.4	33.0
BY9	904.95	7.7	20.10	187.00	120.00	25.13	72.3	73.6	40.5	60.8	43.2
BY10	1 312.34	7.1	18.43	135.75	141.78	21.20	65.6	67.8	33.7	54.6	43.0
BY11	1 601.57	7.3	22.90	242.00	125.00	31.53	81.5	81.5	50.2	69.4	57.0
BY12	1 734.19	7.1	19.08	140.50	138.07	24.65	71.5	72.9	39.7	60.1	55.5
BY13	1 532.06	7.2	21.62	156.00	129.00	26.56	74.5	75.5	42.9	62.9	50.1
BY14	1 800.56	7.4	28.00	350.00	121.89	24.95	72.0	73.3	40.3	60.5	56.0
BY15	576.90	8.0	14.30	175.00	20.40	20.47	64.3	66.7	32.3	53.4	35.7
BY16	782.77	7.3	17.60	229.00	58.90	20.56	64.5	66.8	32.5	53.5	33.0
BY17	806.30	7.4	22.60	307.00	77.90	20.36	64.1	66.5	32.1	53.2	38.0
BY18	1 401.62	7.8	69.10	1 322.00	141.00	22.87	68.6	70.4	36.7	57.3	49.0
BY20	1 123.55	7.4	63.36	1 234.50	138.81	20.34	64.1	66.5	32.0	53.1	45.0
BY21	706.00	7.3	70.84	1 314.00	129.10	24.94	71.9	73.3	40.2	60.5	43.0
BY22	777.13	7.4	33.33	1 166.67	140.18	17.92	59.4	62.3	27.1	48.7	41.0
BY23	792.78	7.3	70.00	1 400.00	149.99	26.00	73.6	74.7	42.0	62.1	39.0
BY24	1 802.00	8.6	68.40	1 244.00	132.00	13.39	49.0	53.2	16.5	39.0	52.0
BY25	428.77	7.6	67.28	747.51	95.83	23.77	70.1	71.7	38.3	58.7	41.0
BY26	1 511.10	7.1	55.84	1 054.00	141.65	14.82	52.5	56.3	20.1	42.3	45.5
BY27	1 703.60	7.5	0.00	800.00	37.21	29.60	78.9	79.3	47.5	67.0	36.0
BY28	1 500.07	7.9	85.88	812.50	81.63	25.18	72.3	73.6	40.6	60.9	44.0
BY29	2 003.68	6.8	62.50	890.00	61.25	26.48	74.3	75.4	42.7	62.7	53.0
BY30	1 800.18	6.8	102.00	935.00	74.30	30.62	80.2	80.5	48.9	68.3	60.0
BY31	1 804.00	7.6	80.75	893.00	58.70	30.01	79.4	79.8	48.1	67.5	55.0
BY32	1 801.70	7.3	30.91	775.00	60.41	24.86	71.8	73.2	40.1	60.4	44.1

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表 7 研究区碳酸盐岩热储地热水的循环深度估算结果

Table 7. Estimation of the circulation depth of geothermal water in the carbonate reservoirs in the study area

地热田		样品编号	井深/m	灰岩热储顶板埋深/m	井口水温/℃	地温梯度℃/ 100 m	计算的热储温度/℃	热水最大循环深度/m
聊东地热田		BY2	1 035.00	897.00	62.0	4.73	70.0	1 877
济北地热田	南部边界	BY4	1 907.25	746.00	41.0	1.42	53.1	1 317
	南部边界	BY5	653.41	246.55	34.0	3.12	52.7	1 303
	近济南岩体北缘地热异常区	BY6	643.64	194.00	38.0	3.81	50.8	1 240
	西段	BY8	419.10	210.47	33.0	4.71	48.4	1 160
		BY9	904.95	770.10	43.2	3.27	60.8	1 572
		BY10	1 312.34	1 078.00	43.0	2.22	54.6	1 366
		BY11	1 601.57	1 306.53	57.0	2.70	69.4	1 859
		BY12	1 734.19	1 444.00	55.5	2.41	60.1	1 548
		BY13	1 532.06	960.00	50.1	2.37	62.9	1 641
	中段	BY14	1 800.56	1 152.00	56.0	2.34	60.5	1 563
	东段桃园—坝子	BY15	576.90	293.00	35.7	3.86	53.4	1 324
		BY16	782.77	413.00	33.0	2.46	53.5	1 330
		BY17	806.30	404.90	38.0	3.02	53.2	1 318
	东段	BY18	1 401.62	1 065.00	49.0	2.52	57.3	1 457
		BY20	1 123.55	649.00	45.0	2.79	53.1	1 317
		BY21	706.00	616.20	43.0	4.20	60.5	1 562
		BY22	777.13	672.70	41.0	3.54	48.7	1 180
		BY23	792.78	537.20	39.0	3.20	62.1	1 624
章丘地热田		BY25	428.77	378.31	41.0	6.56	58.7	1 514
章丘地热田		BY26	1 511.10	950.00	45.5	2.10	42.3	966
淄博地热田		BY27	1 703.60	1 398.00	36.0	1.31	67.0	1 787
		BY28	1 500.07	1 178.00	44.0	2.03	60.9	1 584
		BY29	2 003.68	1 333.37	53.0	1.97	62.7	1 647
		BY30	1 800.18	1 335.00	60.0	2.59	68.3	1 831
		BY31	1 804.00	1 323.56	55.0	2.30	67.5	1 805
		BY32	1 801.70	1 363.00	44.1	1.69	60.4	1 569

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