章丘百脉泉群核心出露区水文地质特征及敏感保护区划分

刘玉想; 卢茜茜; 刘媛媛; 王少娟; 丁冠涛; 韩昱

doi:10.11932/karst20230511

章丘百脉泉群核心出露区水文地质特征及敏感保护区划分

doi: 10.11932/karst20230511

刘玉想^{1, 2,},
卢茜茜^{1, 2},
刘媛媛³,
王少娟^{1, 2, ,},
丁冠涛^{1, 2},
韩昱^{1, 2}

1.
山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队 (山东省地矿工程勘察院), 山东济南 250014
2.
山东省地下水环境保护与修复工程技术研究中心, 山东济南 250014
3.
山东理工职业学院, 山东济宁 272067

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42272288）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘玉想（1983－），男，高级工程师，主要从事水文地质、环境地质研究工作。E-mail：531396099@qq.com

通讯作者:
王少娟（1976－），女，研究员，主要从事水文地质、环境地质研究工作。E-mail：119559390@qq.com

中图分类号: P641.8
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-20
- 录用日期: 2023-07-17
- 修回日期: 2023-07-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-20
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-01

Hydrochemical characteristics and delimitation of sensitive protection area in the exposed area of Baimai spring group in Zhangqiu

LIU Yuxiang^{1, 2
,},
LU Qianqian^{1, 2},
LIU Yuanyuan³,
WANG Shaojuan^{1, 2
, ,},
DING Guantao^{1, 2},
HAN Yu^{1, 2}

1.
801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources (Shandong Provincial Geo-mineral Engineering Exploration Institute), Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
2.
Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
3.
Shandong Polytechnic College, Jining, Shandong 272067, China

摘要

摘要: 为了查清章丘百脉泉出露区浅部微观地质条件及其与泉水的关系，通过物探、钻探、水位观测等多种手段，查明断裂构造发育特征，刻画泉水出露区浅部地层结构，分析出露区泉水喷涌主要影响因素，划分敏感保护区范围。结果表明：出露区断裂构造极为发育，共发育5条断层、1个破碎带，为岩溶水上涌提供了通道；卵砾石层在断裂两侧普遍发育，呈现中间厚向两侧变薄并逐渐尖灭的特征，卵砾石层为泉水上涌后提供了赋存空间，在埋藏较浅处涌出成泉。出露区影响泉水喷涌的主要因素为断裂构造的控制作用和卵砾石层的连通、透水作用。综合断裂构造和卵砾石层的发育厚度划分了敏感区和较敏感区，面积分别为0.78 km²和0.67 km²。
- 百脉泉群 /
- 泉群出露区 /
- 开发建设 /
- 泉水保护 /
- 储水构造
Abstract: Zhangqiu is rich in spring resources, known as the "Little Spring City", and Baimai spring group is among the 72 famous springs in Jinan. In recent years, the flow of Baimai spring group has been cut off for many times, and the competent departments have implemented a series of spring protection measures to basically maintain the continuous gushing of spring water. Against the backdrop of the planned development and construction of the core exposed area of the spring group, it is urgent to investigate the shallow micro-stratigraphic structure of the exposed area and its relationship with the spring water, in order to avoid the negative effect of engineering construction on the gushing of spring water. Based on the data collected from years of exploration for water supply in the exposed area of spring, this study has been conducted to identify the shallow stratigraphic structure and structural development characteristics of the exposed area of spring, with the methods of geophysical exploration, drilling, and water level observation. Meanwhile, the main influencing factors of spring water gushing in the exposed area have been analyzed, and the sensitive protection area has been delimited. The research findings may provide a scientific basis for the development and construction of the core exposed area of the spring group, and also for the spring water protection. The results show that the fault structures in the exposed area are highly developed, with a total of 5 faults and 1 fracture zone, becoming a channel for karst water upwelling. The distribution of spring water is closely related to structural development. The West Mawan spring group is mainly controlled by the Yanchi fault, with spring water distributed along both sides of the Yanchi fault, while the East Mawan spring group is mainly distributed along the secondary fault F3 of the Mingshui fault. The gravel layer is widely developed on both sides of the fault, showing a characteristic of thinning and gradually pinching out from the middle to both sides. The gravel layer is in direct contact with the underlying Permian Carboniferous bedrock, and the structure cuts the Permian Carboniferous aquifer, forming a connection between karst water and the pore water of the gravel layer. Pressurized karst water flows up along the fault structure and enters the gravel layer for storage. The hydraulic connection between pore water and karst water is very close, and the gravel layer has become the "skylight" of karst water. According to the data on groundwater level measurement of the exposed area in 2018, the elevation of pore water level is 55.68–55.71 m, and the elevation of spring and karst water level is 55.78–55.88 m. The karst water level is very close to the pore water level, slightly higher than the pore water level by about 10 cm, indicating a close hydraulic connection between the two, and the karst water supports the supply of pore water. The gravel layer provides storage space for karst water after upwelling, and springs emerge at shallower burial depths. The main factors affecting the gushing of spring water in the exposed area are the control of fault structures and the connectivity and permeability of gravel layers. Based on the comprehensive development thickness of fault structures and gravel layers, sensitive and relatively sensitive areas are delimited, with the area of 0.78 km² and 0.67 km², respectively. It is generally not suitable for excavation of foundation pits in sensitive protected areas; When conducting engineering construction in these areas, the excavation depth of the foundation pit should not be too large and the gravel layer should not be damaged. In addition to taking protective measures during the development and construction of underground engineering, measures of protecting water quantity and quality should also be taken above the surface of the core exposed area. For example, constructing buildings (structures) that may affect the flow of spring water or damage the appearance of famous springs should be prohibited. The discharge of sewage and wastewater into springs is not allowed. The projects such as construction of new karst water wells, excavation of springs, and interception and diversion of water should be banned. In addition, the protection in the recharge area of spring water is equally important. It is necessary to accelerate tree planting and afforestation, seal off mountains for afforestation and grass cultivation, protect vegetation, and conserve water sources. It is also necessary to restrict the construction of buildings (structures) or development projects unrelated to spring water protection, and avoid hardening the ground in the recharge area to reduce the recharge amount. It should be forbidden to dump, pile up or fill urban domestic waste, construction waste, industrial solid waste and hazardous waste. The research findings will provide reference for the protection of similar exposure areas of spring water.
- Baimai spring group /
- the exposed area of spring group /
- development and construction /
- spring water protection /
- Water storage structure

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图 1 百脉泉泉域水文地质略图

Figure 1. Hydrogeological sketch of Baimai spring area

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图 2 泉水成因示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of spring origin

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图 3 工作部署图

Figure 3. Work deployment diagram

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图 4 物探解疑断成果及地质剖面图

Figure 4. Results of geophysical prospecting and geological profile

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图 5 百脉泉泉群出露区浅部地层结构剖面图

1-第四系 2-石炭二叠系 3-填土 4-粉质黏土 5-卵砾石 6-灰岩 7-砂岩 8-泥岩 9-断裂

Figure 5. Profile of shallow stratigraphic structure in the exposed area of Baimai spring group

1- Quaternary system 2- Permo-Carboniferous system 3- Filled earth 4- Silty clay 5- Gravel 6- Limestone 7- Sandstone 8- Mudstone 9- Fracture

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图 6 百脉泉泉群出露区第四系及卵砾石层分布图

1-控制点 2-第四系厚度等值线 3-卵砾石层厚度等值线 4-卵砾石层分布区 5-泉群出露区 6-泉水

Figure 6. Distribution of Quaternary and gravel layer in the exposed area of Baimai spring group

1- Controlling point 2- Quaternary thickness contour 3- Contour of gravel layer thickness 4- Distribution zone of gravel layer 5- The exposed area of spring group 6- Spring water

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图 7 敏感保护区划分图

1-较敏感保护区 2-敏感保护区 3-0 m卵砾石层厚度等值线 4-断层 5-泉群核心出露区 6-泉水

Figure 7. Delimitation of sensitive protection areas

1- Relatively sensitive protection areas 2- Sensitive protection areas 3- Contour of gravel layer thickness at 0 m 4- Fault 5- The core exposed area of spring group 6- Spring water

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表 1 物探解疑构造及破碎带

Table 1. Geophysical exploration and interpretation of structures and fractured zones

推测构造或破碎带	走向	倾向	倾角	发育规模	备注
F2	350°	SW	80°	发育深度910 m，宽度150 m左右，垂直断距50 m	与明水断裂属同一条
F3	355°	SW	80°	发育深度930 m，北部宽度100 m左右，南部宽度可达150 m，断距约20 m	新解疑次级断裂
F4	345°	NE	75°	工作区内发育880 m，垂直断距50 m	新解疑次级断裂
破碎带	北西	NE		面积约41 380 m²	新解疑破碎带

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