基于小波分析的济南西郊地下水位对降雨响应机制研究

赵振华; 罗振江; 黄林显; 邢立亭; 李洪涛; 孙虹洁

doi:10.11932/karst20230506

基于小波分析的济南西郊地下水位对降雨响应机制研究

doi: 10.11932/karst20230506

赵振华^1,,
罗振江¹,
黄林显^{2, 3},
邢立亭^{2, 3, ,},
李洪涛¹,
孙虹洁¹

1.
山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队, 山东济南 250014
2.
济南大学水利与环境学院, 山东济南 250022
3.
山东省地下水数值模拟与污染控制工程技术研究中心, 山东济南 250022

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42272288）；山东省自然科学基金资助项目（ZR2019MD029）；山东省高校院所创新团队项目(2021GXRC070)

详细信息

作者简介:
赵振华（1982－），男，硕士，正高级工程师，从事水文地质和环境地质研究。E-mail：16607713@qq.com

通讯作者:
邢立亭（1966－），男，博士，教授，从事地下水科学与工程研究。E-mail：stu_jnedu@126.com

中图分类号: P641.2；P426.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-20
- 录用日期: 2023-08-04
- 修回日期: 2023-08-04
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-01

Research on the response mechanism of groundwater level to rainfall in the western suburb of Jinan based on wavelet analysis

1.
801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
2.
School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
3.
Engineering Technology Institute for Groundwater Numerical Simulation and Contamination Control, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China

摘要

摘要: 降雨是地下水的主要补给来源，准确掌握地下水位对降雨的响应机制对地下水资源的科学管理具有重要意义。文章利用济南市西郊2010—2019年月降水资料及第四系和岩溶地下水月水位资料进行季节特征统计及小波分析，结果表明：①济南市秋季地下水位最高，第四系和岩溶平均水位分别为30.28 m和29.74 m；春季地下水位最低，第四系和岩溶平均水位分别为29.44 m和28.78 m；②连续小波变换分析得出降雨的主震荡周期为0.98~1.17 a，第四系地下水的主震荡周期为0.73~1.16 a和1.17~1.74 a，岩溶地下水的主震荡周期为0.87~1.09 a和0.46~1.23 a，主震荡周期并不完全一致，反映出济南市西郊地下水动态不仅受降雨的影响，同时还受人类活动等其它因素的影响；③交叉小波变换分析表明降雨与地下水位的主共振周期均为1 a左右；第四系和岩溶含水层水位动态分别落后于降雨144.14 d和172.62 d，两者仅相差28.48 d，水力联系较为密切。以上结论说明，济南市西郊地下水动态对降雨的响应是显著和稳定的。
- 济南西郊 /
- 降雨量 /
- 地下水水位 /
- 小波分析 /
- 响应机制
Abstract: With the rapid development of social economy, karst groundwater in Jinan City keeps facing various problems such as water resource shortage and water pollution, which seriously threatens the protection of springs and the utilization of groundwater resources. The western suburb of Jinan City is located at the northeast edge of Jinan spring catchment; the Yufu river and Shahe river abundant in groundwater are important recharge sources for Jinan spring catchment. Therefore, it is very important to accurately reveal the response mechanism of groundwater to precipitation in the western suburb, which can help to improve the potential of groundwater exploitation and spring protection. In this study, the monthly precipitation data from 2010 to 2019 in the western suburb of Jinan City and the monthly water level data of Quaternary and karst groundwater are used to carry out seasonal statistical characteristics and wavelet analysis. Results show that, (1) According to the seasonal statistical characteristics of precipitation and groundwater, the precipitation in the western suburb of Jinan City mainly concentrates in summer, accounting for about 67.5% of the annual precipitation. The groundwater level is the highest in autumn, with the average water levels of the Quaternary and karst being 30.28 m and 29.74 m, respectively. The groundwater level is the lowest in spring, with the average water levels of the Quaternary and karst being 29.44 m and 28.78 m, respectively. Seasonal fluctuation of groundwater dynamics in the study area is the coupling effect of human and natural factors. Since the beginning of spring in March, precipitation has decreased and the amount of evaporation has increased along with the rise of temperature. At the same time, a large amount of groundwater has been extracted for agricultural irrigation, resulting in a drop in the groundwater level. Although the precipitation is relatively abundant after the beginning of summer, the infiltration of precipitation into the aquifer has a certain lag (generally about 2–5 months), resulting in the fact that the highest groundwater level occurs in autumn. (2) Through continuous wavelet transform analysis, it can be concluded that the main oscillation period of precipitation is 0.98–1.17 a and it passed the 95% red noise test from April 2011 to October 2018, indicating that it has significant periodic characteristics. The main oscillation period of Quaternary groundwater is 0.73–1.16 a and 1.17–1.74 a and it passed the 95% red noise test from April 2011 to January 2015. The main oscillation period of karst groundwater is 0.87–1.09 a and 0.46–1.23 a, but it passed the 95% red noise test only from March 2013 to October 2014 and from June 2016 to October 2018. The main oscillations periods are not completely consistent with groundwater level and precipitation, reflecting that the dynamics of groundwater in the study area is not only affected by precipitation, but also by other factors such as human activities. (3) Cross wavelet transform analysis shows that the main resonance period of precipitation and groundwater level is about 1 year. The groundwater level dynamics of Quaternary and karst aquifers lag behind precipitation by 144.14 d and 172.62 d, respectively, with the difference of only 28.48 d, which may reveal that the hydraulic connection between Quaternary and karst aquifer is very close. The dynamic curves of the Quaternary and karst groundwater level show that the dynamic changes of the two are relatively consistent, although the dynamics of the karst groundwater level lags behind, but with relative short lagging time, which further indicates that these two aquifers have a good complementary relationship. In addition, the drilling data of monitoring wells in the study area show that there is no obvious water-resisting layer between the Quaternary and the karst aquifer, and the karst aquifer has well-developed fissures, strong water-abundance, and is cut by faults, with strong water-conducting capacity. All the above results show that the response of groundwater level to precipitation is significant and stable.
- the western suburb of Jinan /
- precipitation /
- groundwater level /
- wavelet analysis /
- response mechanism

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图 1 济南市水文地质图

Figure 1. Hydrogeology of Jinan City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 研究区剖面图

Figure 2. Cross section of the study area

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图 3 降雨和地下水水位逐月监测数据统计图

Figure 3. Monthly monitoring data of precipitation and groundwater levels

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图 4 降雨连续小波变换功率谱图

Figure 4. Power spectrum chart of continuous wavelet transform of precipitation

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图 5 地下水水位连续小波变换功率谱图

Figure 5. Power spectrum chart of continuous wavelet transform of groundwater level

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图 6 降雨与地下水水位交叉小波变换功率谱图

Figure 6. Power spectrum chart of cross-wavelet transform of precipitation and groundwater level

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表 1 2010-2019年降雨量分季节统计特征（mm）

Table 1. Seasonal statistical characteristics of precipitation from 2010 to 2019 (mm)

时段	年均值	最大雨量	最小雨量	标准差
春季	107.16	232.10	57.60	54.43
夏季	489.52	795.80	309.30	154.18
秋季	96.85	201.90	48.60	44.88
冬季	31.19	85.40	7.90	23.98

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 2010—2019年地下水位分季节统计特征/m

Table 2. Seasonal statistical characteristics of groundwater levels from 2010 to 2019/m

含水层	时段	年均	最高值	最低值	标准差
第四系	春季	29.44	30.91	28.07	0.93
	夏季	30.26	31.40	28.65	0.94
	秋季	30.28	31.45	28.62	1.11
	冬季	29.98	31.40	28.69	1.01
岩溶	春季	28.78	29.91	27.48	0.78
	夏季	29.59	30.54	28.10	0.79
	秋季	29.74	30.67	27.92	0.87
	冬季	29.18	30.08	27.74	0.78

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 降雨与地下水水位交叉小波变换统计表

Table 3. Statistics of cross-wavelet transform of precipitation and groundwater level

点组	通过95%红噪声检验时段	相位差/rad	滞后时间/d
第四系含水层	2011年1月—2015年7月 2016年10月—2018年10月	2.48±0.084	144.14±4.88
岩溶含水层	2011年7月—2018年11月	2.97±0.102	172.62±5.96

下载: 导出CSV

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