济南市区泉水与东、西郊岩溶水水力联系研究

于令芹; 林广奇; 刘媛媛; 齐欢; 孟庆斋; 马河宽; 江露露; 刘春伟

doi:10.11932/karst20230505

济南市区泉水与东、西郊岩溶水水力联系研究

doi: 10.11932/karst20230505

于令芹^{1, 2,},
林广奇^{1, 2, ,},
刘媛媛³,
齐欢^{1, 2},
孟庆斋^{1, 2},
马河宽^{1, 2},
江露露^{1, 2},
刘春伟^{1, 2}

1.
山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队, 山东济南 250014
2.
山东省地下水环境保护与修复工程技术研究中心, 山东济南 250014
3.
山东理工职业学院, 山东济宁 272067

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(41772257)

详细信息

作者简介:
于令芹（1984－），女，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事水工环地质及泉水保护方面的研究工作。E-mail：154175416@qq.com

通讯作者:
林广奇（1982－），男，高级工程师，主要从事水工环地质及泉水保护方面的研究工作。E-mail：271743007@qq.com

中图分类号: P641.5;
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-20
- 录用日期: 2023-07-24
- 修回日期: 2023-07-21
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-01

Study on the hydraulic connection between downtown and eastern and western suburbs in Jinan

YU Lingqin^{1, 2
,},
LIN Guangqi^{1, 2
, ,},
LIU Yuanyuan³,
QI Huan^{1, 2},
MENG Qingzhai^{1, 2},
MA Hekuan^{1, 2},
JIANG Lulu^{1, 2},
LIU Chunwei^{1, 2}

1.
801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
2.
Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
3.
Shandong Polytechnic College, Jining, Shandong 272067, China

摘要

摘要: 为查明济南市区泉水与西郊、东郊岩溶水的水力联系，从地层结构、水动力场角度，结合抽水试验、示踪试验和水化学分析等方法研究泉水与岩溶水之间的关系。结果表明，济南市区和西郊之间的刘长山—郎茂山—万灵山一带存在地下水径流通道。刘长山北侧槐苑广场—九中—十四中一带，在埋深350 m处揭露连续的岩溶含水地层，并存在垂向径流通道，市区泉水和西郊岩溶水通过刘长山北侧侵入岩体接触带以下的三山子组含水层连通。市区与东郊之间的燕翅山—七里河一带受舌状侵入岩体的影响，两侧地下水流场存在差异，但山东大学洪楼校区以北埋深485 m处揭露连续的岩溶含水地层，市区泉水和东郊岩溶水可通过侵入岩体接触带以下的三山子组含水层连通。水化学分析结果表明市区泉水与西郊、东郊岩溶水水化学类型一致，具有相同的演化环境。
- 济南市区泉水 /
- 岩溶水 /
- 岩体接触带 /
- 径流通道 /
- 水力联系 /
- 地下水流场 /
- 演化环境
Abstract: In order to identify the hydraulic connection between the spring water in Jinan city and the karst water in the western and eastern suburbs, we conducted a study to analyze the hydraulic connection between the three from the perspective of stratigraphic structure and hydrodynamic field, combining with the restults of pumping tests and tracer tests. Meanwhile, we also performed hydrochemical and correlation analyses.The results show that from the perspective of stratigraphic structure, there is no obvious water-blocking structure in the area of Huaiyuan Square-NO.9 Middle School-NO.14 Middle School near the rock contact zone on the north side of Liuchang mountain between downtown and western suburbs, and a continuous karst aquifer group is developed below the rock body at a burial depth of about 350 m. The Chaomidian fracture on the west side has good water conductivity and the urban spring water and karst water in western suburbs can be hydraulically connected through the aquifer of Sanshanzi Formation below the rock contact zone. The tongue-shaped intrusive rock body exists in the area of Yanchi mountain-the Qili river between downtown and the eastern suburbs, which plays a certain role in blocking the karst water of downtown springs and eastern suburbs, but the Wenhuaqiao fracture does not form a water blocking structure, and the aquifers on both sides are less misshapen, and the distribution of karst aquifers to the east of the Wenhuaqiao fracture and south of Yaojia is continuous and stable. The karst aquifers are exposed at a depth of 485 m north of the Honglou Campus of Shanda University. The urban spring water and karst water in eastern suburbs have a unified water system, which can be hydraulically connected through the aquifer of Sanshanzi Formation below the contact zone of rock mass.The western borehole pumping test shows that the top plate of the aquifer in the areas of Huaiyuan Square-NO.9 Middle School-NO.14 Middle School is gradually deepened from south to north. Both the horizontal and vertical fissures in the intrusive rock above are evenly developed. The fissured water can be recharged by the top-supply of the underlying karst water group. Due to the overall water-richness and smooth groundwater runoffs, the urban spring and the karst water in the western suburbs have hydraulic connection. The eastern borehole pumping test shows that the rock body in the area of Yanch mountain-the Qili river is gradually thickening from south to north with the depth increase of the top plate of the aquifer. The fissures in the rock body are developed with overall water-richness of the eastern Jinan strata and smooth groundwater runoffs.The water level map shows that there is no sudden change of water level on both sides of Liuchang mountain-Langmao mountain-Wanling mountain between urban area and western suburbs, and the water levels of the two areas are roughly the same with continuous and steady water level, indicating a connection between the two in the hydrodynamic field. Groundwater on the west side of the area of Yanchi mountain-the Qili river flows in the northwest direction, while groundwater on the east side of the same area flows in the northeast direction. However, both the urban area and the eastern suburbs are recharged by the same source. Therefore, if karst water in the eastern suburbs is exploited excessively, part of karst water flowing to the urban area from the southern mountainous area will be taken away, which will affect, to a certain extent, spring water in the urban area.The water chemistry analysis based on Piper's trilinear diagram and hydrogeological conditions shows that the chemical types of urban spring water are the same as those of karst water in the eastern and western suburbs, and the three areas have the same evolutionary environment. According to the correlation analysis between the urban spring water and the karst water in the western suburbs, the main chemical indexes of the fissure hole JZ and SSZ boreholes are correlated with those of the urban and western suburban boreholes, with all coefficients larger than 0.84, which indicates that the fissure water in JZ and SSZ boreholes is closely correlated with karst water. There is a vertical runoff channel in the area of Huaiyuan Square-NO.9 Middle School-NO.14 Middle School, and the intrusion above fracture water in the rock body can be recharged by the top-supply of the lower karst water rock group. The urban spring water and the karst water in the western suburbs are of the same source. According to the correlation analysis of urban spring water and karst water in eastern suburb, the correlation of the main chemical indexes between karst water collected from eastern suburban boreholes and urban spring water is larger than 0.95, an significant positive correlation, indicating the same source of karst water in both eastern suburban and urban area. According to the content distribution of the constant ion components in karst water in the study area, water chemical components of the urban spring and the karst water of the western and eastern suburbs are formed mainly by the dissolution of carbonate rocks. Karst water of the three areas is in a similar groundwater environment, and there is a certain hydraulic connection.
- springs in Jinan /
- karst water /
- the contact zone of rock mass /
- channel of runoff /
- hydraulic connection /
- groundwater flow field /
- Evolutionary environment

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图 1 研究区地质构造图

Figure 1. Geological structure of the study area

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图 2 西郊—市区地质剖面图

Figure 2. Geological profile from western to urban areas

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图 3 JZ和K05钻孔抽水试验S−t曲线

Figure 3. S−t curve of pumping test in JZ and K05 boreholes

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图 4 西郊—市区岩溶等水位线

Figure 4. Contours of kast water from western to urban areas

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图 5 西郊—市区一带水位动态曲线

Figure 5. Dynamic curve of water level from western to urban areas

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图 6 十四中Mo离子浓度监测值

Figure 6. Monitoring value of Mo ion concentration in No. 14 Middle School

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图 7 市区和西郊水化学类型三线图（2022年枯水期）

Figure 7. Piper diagram of hydrochemistry in urban and western areas in the dry period in 2022

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图 8 市区和西郊水化学类型三线图（2022年丰水期）

Figure 8. Piper diagram of hydrochemistry in urban and western areas in the wet period in 2022

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图 9 市区—东郊地质剖面图

Figure 9. Geological profile from urban to eastern areas

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图 10 市区—东郊岩溶等水位线

Figure 10. Contours of kast water from urban to eastern areas

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图 11 市区和东郊水化学类型三线图（2022年枯水期）

Figure 11. Piper diagram of hydrochemistry in urban and eastern areas in the dry period in 2022

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图 12 市区和东郊水化学类型三线图（2022年丰水期）

Figure 12. Piper diagram of hydrochemistry in urban and eastern areas in the wet period in 2022

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图 13 济南市区与东郊、西郊岩溶地下水离子比值相关图

Figure 13. Relationships of the selected ions in karst groundwater between urban and eastern and western areas

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表 1 西部钻孔揭露地层资料统计表

Table 1. Statistics of stratigraphic information of western boreholes

钻孔	第四系/m	辉长岩/m	东黄山组/m	三山子组/m	孔深/m	含水层时代
JZ	0~27.0	27.0~218.0	—	—	218.0	K₁vJyc
SSZ	0~36.0	36.0~357.0	357.0~360.0	—	360.0	O₂d
HY	0~29.4	29.4~350.0	350.0~397.5	397.5~456.0	456.0	Є₄O₁s
K05	0~24.0	24.0~251.0	—	—	251.0	K₁vJyc

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表 2 西部钻孔抽水量及降深结果一览表

Table 2. Results of water pumping and depth reduction of boreholes in western areas

钻孔	抽水量/m³·h⁻¹	水位降深/m
JZ	102	25.5
JZ	60	6.3
SSZ	90	28.2
	84	25.0
	70	21.9
HY	260	4.0

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表 3 水样分析结果统计表/mg·L⁻¹

Table 3. Analysis statistics of water samples/mg·L⁻¹

位置	编号	pH	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	K⁺	Cl⁻	${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$	${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$	${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$
市区	趵突泉	7.60	28.70	131.00	21.20	1.22	59.80	109.00	292.00	46.10
市区— 西郊	JZ	8.14	20.90	157.00	22.90	0.65	53.10	185.00	277.00	77.10
	HY	7.54	0.22	16.40	0.99	2.24	7.49	7.78	36.50	0.73
	SSZ	7.84	78.30	160.00	20.70	0.58	132.00	196.00	310.00	58.80
西郊	长清	7.85	20.90	104.00	16.50	1.35	36.50	84.60	259.00	27.50
	桥子李	8.08	11.70	71.90	11.80	0.89	23.80	44.40	206.00	18.70
	KA3	7.78	13.40	97.30	18.40	0.72	53.70	34.80	268.00	42.50
	G1	8.10	9.93	63.70	12.50	0.78	22.60	31.20	195.00	13.20
	KA5	7.58	15.20	114.00	17.40	1.08	34.30	54.70	243.00	102.00
东郊	NWZ	7.56	26.40	139.00	24.70	0.98	61.80	112.00	295.00	51.60
	ZD	7.60	32.20	132.00	23.20	0.56	64.70	108.00	277.60	45.30
	SD	7.60	30.10	109.00	20.60	1.16	60.60	107.00	265.31	36.00

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表 4 市区与东郊、西郊岩溶水相关系数矩阵

Table 4. Correlation matrices of groundwater between the urban area and eastern and western areas

	趵突泉	JZ	HY	SSZ	长清	桥子李	KA3	G1	KA5	NWZ	ZD	SD
趵突泉	1.000 0
JZ	0.954 9	1.000 0
HY	0.945 6	0.848 0	1.000 0
SSZ	0.949 1	0.950 6	0.845 1	1.000 0
长清	0.996 4	0.938 6	0.957 7	0.927 6	1.000 0
桥子李	0.983 4	0.895 8	0.968 4	0.886 4	0.993 1	1.000 0
KA3	0.966 5	0.856 9	0.956 9	0.861 2	0.971 5	0.987 8	1.000 0
G1	0.971 6	0.866 7	0.970 0	0.863 7	0.984 3	0.998 0	0.990 7	1.000 0
KA5	0.940 6	0.888 7	0.878 8	0.832 3	0.934 9	0.940 4	0.955 2	0.931 8	1.000 0
NWZ	0.999 5	0.958 8	0.942 8	0.947 7	0.994 5	0.980 5	0.965 0	0.968 0	0.944 9	1.000 0
ZD	0.999 3	0.956 5	0.941 3	0.956 5	0.993 5	0.978 1	0.962 3	0.965 7	0.935 9	0.999 2	1.000 0
SD	0.997 7	0.953 4	0.939 9	0.959 9	0.994 3	0.979 2	0.958 5	0.967 1	0.921 8	0.995 9	0.997 2	1.000 0

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表 5 东部钻孔揭露地层资料统计表

Table 5. Statistics of stratigraphic information of eastern boreholes

钻孔	第四系/m	辉长岩/m	东黄山组/m	三山子组/m	孔深/m	含水层时代
SD	0~14.0	—	14.0~484.5	484.5~511.0	511.0	Є₄O₁s
ZD	0-19.1	19.1~200.3	200.3~536.1	—	536.1	O₂b

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表 6 东部钻孔抽水量及降深结果一览表

Table 6. Results of water pumping and depth reduction of boreholes in eastern areas

钻孔	抽水量/m³·h⁻¹	水位降深/m
SD	90	23.9
SD	72	16.3
ZD	190	8.5
	124	5.0
	64	2.5

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