玉符河外源回灌对岩溶地下水影响研究

丁冠涛; 李常锁; 魏善明; 王少娟; 李岩; 卢茜茜; 孙斌; 柳浩然

doi:10.11932/karst20230504

玉符河外源回灌对岩溶地下水影响研究

doi: 10.11932/karst20230504

丁冠涛^{1, 2, 3,},
李常锁^{1, 2},
魏善明^{1, 2},
王少娟^{1, 2, ,},
李岩^{1, 2},
卢茜茜^{1, 2},
孙斌^{1, 2},
柳浩然^{1, 2}

1.
山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队 (山东省地矿工程勘察院), 山东济南 250014
2.
山东省地下水环境保护与修复工程技术研究中心, 山东济南 250014
3.
中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 山东青岛 266100

基金项目: 山东省地矿工程勘察院科研基金项目（801KY202005）

详细信息

作者简介:
丁冠涛（1985－），男，博士研究生，高级工程师，主要从事水文地质、环境地质研究工作。E-mail：531396099@qq.com

通讯作者:
王少娟（1976－），女，研究员，主要从事水文地质、环境地质研究工作。E-mail：119559390@qq.com

中图分类号: P641.134
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-20
- 录用日期: 2023-06-30
- 修回日期: 2023-06-24
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-20
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-01

Study on the influence of external recharge of Yufu river on karst groundwater

DING Guantao^{1, 2, 3
,},
LI Changsuo^{1, 2},
WEI Shanming^{1, 2},
WANG Shaojuan^{1, 2
, ,},
LI Yan^{1, 2},
LU Qianqian^{1, 2},
SUN Bin^{1, 2},
Liu Haoran^{1, 2}

1.
801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources (Shandong Provincial Geo-mineral Engineering Exploration Institute), Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
2.
Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
3.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China

摘要

摘要: 为缓解济南市的泉水保护与城市供水矛盾，玉符河先后实施了多期地表水回灌补源地下水工程，对维持泉水持续喷涌下城市正常取用地下水起到了重要作用。外源水水质与当地岩溶水差异明显，长期回灌将对岩溶水产生一定影响。针对这一问题，以2021—2022年玉符河的回灌补源为例，利用同位素试验和水化学综合分析等多种手段相结合的方式，研究玉符河流域岩溶水受外源水补给的影响，分析影响区内地下水水化学特征及其组分的变化趋势。结果表明：玉符河回灌对岩溶水有一定的补给作用，根据其补给的程度将研究区分成三个区带，在河岸东侧Ⅰ区范围内河流入渗补给占50%以上，是主要的影响区；城区泉群位于Ⅲ区内，水质受玉符河补源影响有限，但水位会有一定的抬升。自玉符河至Ⅲ区，水化学类型由SO₄·Cl-Na·Mg型逐渐向HCO₃-Ca·Mg型过渡，由于兴济河的调水补源，泉群地下水类型又转变为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg型。影响区内岩溶水各离子含量变化主要是河水与岩溶水的物理混合引起，同时伴随着水岩平衡的改变。补源经过一个水文年后，各离子逐步接近原来含量水平。研究成果为科学实施玉符河回灌补源提供了依据，对促进保泉与供水的有机统一具有一定意义。
- 玉符河 /
- 岩溶水 /
- 同位素 /
- 水化学 /
- 外源水回灌 /
- 地下水
Abstract: Jinan is famous for its abundant spring water resources, but with the advancement of urbanization, the ground continues to harden, resulting in a significant reduction of the area effectively supplying karst water, and hence a sudden decrease in water supply. The decrease has seriously threatened the continuous gushing of spring water in Jinan. At the same time, the urban population is constantly rising, so is the demand for water supply. The contradiction between spring water protection and urban water supply is becoming increasingly serious. In order to alleviate the contradiction in Yufu river, the projects in which groundwater was recharged by surface water were completed in different phases. In these projects such as the water discharge project of the Wohushan reservoir, the project of converting surface water into groundwater, and the Jinan City project of the East Line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the surface water from the Wohushan reservoir, the Yuqing lake reservoir, and the Yangtze River has been respectively used for the recharging. They play an important role in maintaining the continuous gushing of spring water for the normal use of groundwater in cities. In the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, water from the Yangtze River is significantly different from local karst water in quality. Therefore, long term recharging will have a certain impact on karst water. In response to this issue, taking the recharging source of the Yufu river from 2021 to 2022 as an example, we studied the impact of external water supply on karst water in the Yufu river basin, and analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and the change of hydrochemical composition of groundwater in the affected area. In order to fulfill the research purpose, we used isotope testing and comprehensive hydrochemical analysis. The results show that the recharging of the Yufu river has a certain replenishment effect on karst water. According to its degree of replenishment, the research area is divided into three zones. After two months of replenishment, Zone I is distributed on the east bank of the Yufu river, with the highest mixing ratio of river water in karst water, ranging from 50% to 70%, and is most affected by river water replenishment. Within a certain range of the periphery of Zone I, the proportion of river water in Zone II is 10% to 50%, and the degree of influence of infiltration river water on karst water isotopes and hydrochemistry decreases. Zone III is far away from the Yufu river, with river water accounting for less than 10% and less affected by the river water. After 11 months of replenishment, the proportion of river water in the karst water monitoring points in Zone I has decreased, but the proportion is still around 50%, indicating that Zone 1 is still the main affected area for river water replenishment. The proportion of river water in monitoring points in Zone II has significantly increased, with J108 reaching 37%, indicating that the impact range of river water has expanded to Zone II. The proportion of river water in monitoring points in Zone III has also increased, but it is not significant with the percentage of around 10%, indicating the limited impact from river water. The hydrochemical characteristics of river water from the external source are significantly different from those of karst water and spring water. The hydrochemical type of river water is SO₄·Cl-Na·Mg type, while the karst water is mainly HCO₃-Ca·Mg type and HCO₃-Ca type. Spring water is influenced by the replenishment of Xingji river with HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg type. Two months later, the hydrochemical type of groundwater has gradually transitioned from SO₄·Cl-Na·Mg type to HCO₃-Ca·Mg type in the water source area of the western suburb along Yufu river. Due to the water diversion and replenishment of the Xingji river in the direction of the spring group, the groundwater type first changed from SO₄·Cl-Na·Mg type to HCO₃-Ca type, and then transitioned to HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg. The recharging of water from the external source has a certain impact on the quality of the local karst water. The changes in the ion content of karst water in the affected area are mainly caused by the physical mixing of river water and karst water, accompanied by changes in water-rock balance. After a hydrological year, each ion gradually approaches its original content level after supplementing the source. The research results provide a basis for the scientific implementation of recharging and replenishment of the Yufu river, and have certain significance in promoting the organic unity of spring protection and water supply. This article does not consider the impact of seasonal atmospheric precipitation on groundwater hydrochemistry and isotopes. The atmospheric waterline used for isotope analysis is not the local atmospheric waterline, and these issues may have a certain impact on the results obtained, which is a topic that we need to further study.
- Yufu river /
- karst water /
- isotope /
- hydrochemistry /
- external water recharge /
- groundwater

HTML

图 1 地质及监测点布置图

1-泰山群变质岩 2-寒武系灰岩 3-奥陶系灰岩 4-第四系 5-闪长岩 6-河流、水库 7-岩溶水流向 8-断裂 9-岩溶水取样点 10-孔隙水取样点 11-补源点 12-泉群

Figure 1. Layout of monitoring points and geology map

1-Metamorpgic rocks of Taishan Group 2-Cambrian limestone 3-Ordovician limestone 4- Quaternary 5-Diorite 6. Rivers and reservoirs 7-Karst flow direction 8-Fracture 9-Sampling site of karst water 10- Sampling site of pore water 11-Replenishment point 12-Spring groups

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图 2 玉符河地下水δD-δ¹⁸O关系图

Figure 2. δD- δ¹⁸O relationship of groundwater of the Yufu river

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图 3 玉符河补源对岩溶水影响成果图

1-泰山群变质岩 2-寒武系灰岩 3-奥陶系灰岩 4-第四系 5-闪长岩 6-河流、水库 7-断裂 8-分区界线 9-补源2个月各监测点河水占比 10-补源11个月各监测点河水占比 11-岩溶水监测点 12-泉群 13-河水占比上升 14-河水占比下降

Figure 3. Impact of the recharging of Yufu river on karst water

1-Metamorpgic rocks of Taishan Group 2-Cambrian limestone 3-Ordovician limestone 4- Quaternary 5-Diorite 6. Rivers and reservoirs 7-Fracture 8-Zoning boundary 9-Proportion of river water at each monitoring site during 2 months' replenishment 10-Proportion of river water at each monitoring site during 11 months' replenishment 11- monitoring point of karst water 12-Spring groups 13-Rise of proportion of river water 14-Decrease of proportion of river water

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图 4 玉符河水样Piper三线图

Figure 4. Piper three-line diagram of water sample of Yufu river

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图 5 罗而村监测点补源前后主要离子含量变化曲线

Figure 5. Change of main ion content at monitoring points in Luoer village before and after source supplement

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表 1 地下水水化学参数分析结果表

Table 1. Analysis results of groundwater chemical parameters

统计值	pH	k⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl⁻	${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$	${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$	${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$	TDS
最小值	7.30	0.39	10.90	4.98	0.91	14.00	37.30	55.06	0.67	163.68
最大值	8.10	17.50	61.00	226.00	28.60	105.00	184.00	385.43	178.00	873.89
平均值	7.62	2.32	32.57	118.55	19.75	51.38	104.22	254.17	36.92	499.23
标准差	0.21	3.55	15.40	44.07	5.42	22.18	39.64	67.25	38.41	139.17
变异系数	0.03	1.53	0.47	0.37	0.27	0.43	0.38	0.26	1.04	0.28

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