黔中洋水背斜分散排泄系统地下水化学特征

王若帆; 赵良杰; 李强; 吉勤克补子; 焦恒; 江峰; 陈刚

doi:10.11932/karst20230409

黔中洋水背斜分散排泄系统地下水化学特征

doi: 10.11932/karst20230409

1.
贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局114地质大队, 贵州遵义 563000
2.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心，广西桂林 541004

基金项目: 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局地质科研项目（黔地矿科合[2020]23号、黔地矿科合〔2022〕2 号）；贵州省地质勘查基金项目（DKJJ2021-01号）；地质调查项目（DD20221758）

详细信息

作者简介:
王若帆（1987－），男，高级工程师，研究方向：水文地质、地下水污染防治。E-mail：530135791@qq.com

通讯作者:
李强（1982－），男，正高级工程师，研究方向：水文地质、环境地质、地热地质。E-mail：109616117@qq.com

中图分类号: P641.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-28

Chemical characteristics of groundwater in the dispersed drainage system of Yangshui anticline in central Guizhou

1.
114 Geological Brigade of Guizhou Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
2.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/ International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China

摘要

摘要: 黔中洋水背斜分散排泄系统位于贵州磷矿的主要产地，区域内磷矿山、磷化工、磷石膏堆场集中分布。研究该地区地下水化学特征，对于合理开发利用地下水资源具有重要意义。文章以岩溶地下水系统为研究对象，采集了主要地下水露头样品，运用离子对比法、主要离子比值法等水文地球化学研究方法，对地下水化学组分和离子来源进行深入分析。研究结果显示，研究区的碳酸盐岩岩溶水、基岩裂隙水、矿井水三者的水化学组分存在显著差异。碳酸盐岩岩溶水的主要化学组分来源于白云岩和白云质灰岩的溶滤作用；基岩裂隙水的主要化学组分含量是钙质泥岩溶滤与大气降水共同作用的结果；矿井水的主要化学组分则来源于白云岩、白云质灰岩的溶滤作用和人为工程活动的影响。本研究为该地区地下水资源的合理开发利用提供了科学依据，同时也有助于保护地下水资源和维护区域生态环境。
- 黔中地区 /
- 地下水化学特征 /
- 洋水背斜分散排泄系统 /
- 水岩作用 /
- 地下水开发利用
Abstract: The dispersed drainage system of Yangshui anticline is located in Jinzhong town, Kaiyang county, Guizhou Province. As one of the main producing areas of phosphate deposits in Guizhou, this area is concentrated with phosphorus mines, phosphorus chemical industry and phosphogypsum storage sites. Therefore, the study on the chemical characteristics of groundwater in this area is of great significance for the rational development, utilization and protection of groundwater resources. This study takes the karst groundwater system, which has relatively independent conditions of groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge, as the research object. The main samples of karst springs, bedrock fissure springs, boreholes and mine drains are collected, and the hydrogeochemical research methods such as ion comparison method and main ion ratio method are used to analyze the chemical components and main ion sources of groundwater. The results show that contents of main cations of K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ are listed as: mine drainage>carbonate karst water>bedrock fissure water; contents of ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ and ${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$ in main anions, mine drainage>carbonate karst water>bedrock fissure water; Ion content of Cl⁻, mine drainage>bedrock fissure water>carbonate karst water; TDS, mine drainage>carbonate karst water>bedrock fissure water. HCO₃-Ca·Mg is the main chemical type of karst water in carbonate rocks; the hydrochemical type of bedrock fissure is HCO₃-Ca; the chemical type of mine water is mainly SO₄-Ca·Mg followed by SO₄·HCO₃-Ca·Mg. There are significant differences in hydrochemical composition among carbonate karst water, bedrock fissure water and mine water in the study area. The main chemical components of karst water in carbonate rocks come from the leaching of dolomite and dolomitic limestone. The content of the main chemical components of bedrock fissure water is the result of the joint action of calcareous mudstone leaching and atmospheric precipitation. The main chemical components of mine water come from the leaching of dolomite and dolomitic limestone and the foreign ions brought by intensive human engineering activities. This study not only provides a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources in this area, but also helps to protect groundwater resources and maintain the regional ecological environment.
- central Guizhou /
- chemical characteristics of groundwater /
- the dispersed drainage system of Yangshui anticline /
- water rock interaction /
- development and utilization of groundwater

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图 1 洋水背斜分散排泄系统水文地质略图

Figure 1. Hydrogeological sketch of the dispersed drainage system of Yangshui anticline

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图 2 研究区水文地质剖面图

Figure 2. Hydrogeological profile of the study area

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图 3 地下水Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺与${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$+${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$关系图（图A 全样品、图 B 为剔除异常点 H74）

Figure 3. Relationship between Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺ and ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$+${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$ in groundwater

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图 4 地下水 piper 三线图

Figure 4. Piper trigram of groundwater

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图 5 研究区地下水Gibbs图

Figure 5. Gibbs map of groundwater in the study area

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图 6 Mg/Ca与${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$关系图

Figure 6. Relationship between Mg/Ca and ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$

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表 1 研究区地下水主要离子统计表

Table 1. Statistics of main ions in groundwater of the study area

样品类型	统计组数		主要阳离子/mg·L⁻¹				主要阴离子/mg·L⁻¹				pH/ 无量纲	TDS/ mg·L⁻¹
样品类型	统计组数		K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$	${\rm{CO}}_3^{2-}$	${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$	Cl⁻	pH/ 无量纲	TDS/ mg·L⁻¹
碳酸盐岩岩溶水	12	最大	4.00	35.5	43.71	27.52	174.1	9.34	200	5.39	8.37	515.5
		最小	0.3	0.5	20.17	10.70	98.15	0.00	8	0.55	7.23	121.5
		平均	1.52	7.69	33.02	16.86	131.77	1.53	54.18	2.35	7.94	238.3
基岩裂隙水	6	最大	6.98	11	42.33	2.36	69.16	0.00	28	8.11	7.28	79.3
		最小	4.66	8.12	35.62	1.52	35.92	0.00	12	5.78	6.95	56.4
		平均	5.80	9.52	39.35	1.83	53.87	0.00	17.5	6.88	7.10	72.5
矿井水	20	最大	35.8	115	239.5	326.19	1 294.9	12.61	883	26.48	8.52	2287.5
		最小	1.00	5.6	42.86	16.31	60.90	0.00	100	3.43	6.63	317.0
		平均	11.0	34.26	128.9	73.84	252.99	1.10	416.3	13.79	7.85	827.3

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表 2 地下水异常点主要离子统计表

Table 2. Statistics of main ions in abnormal points of groundwater

编号	类型	采样期	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$	${\rm{CO}}_3^{2-}$	${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$	Cl⁻
H74	矿井水	丰水期	12.7	90	239.54	287.97	1137.75	0.00	100.00	12.13
H74	矿井水	枯水期	20.6	115	155.49	326.19	1294.96	0.00	883.00	16.18
JC03	岩溶水	丰水期	3.8	55.5	28.58	27.52	110.70	0.00	200.00	4.41
JC03	岩溶水	枯水期	4	51.1	20.17	20.39	98.15	0.00	151.00	5.39
注：阴阳离子单位mg·L⁻¹。 Note: cation and anion unit mg·L⁻¹.

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表 3 地下水TDS含量统计表

Table 3. Statistics of TDS content in groundwater

样品类型	TDS/mg·L⁻¹
样品类型	丰季			枯季
碳酸盐岩溶水	10	最大值	378.58	10	最大值	322.55
		最小值	121.46		最小值	136.99
		平均	227.32		平均	232.43
		标准差	72.67		标准差	60.53
		变异系数	0.32		变异系数	0.26
矿井水	13	最大值	1352.72	13	最大值	2287.48
		最小值	316.99		最小值	379.80
		平均	760.45		平均	892.71
		标准差	303.51		标准差	475.98
		变异系数	0.40		变异系数	0.53
基岩裂隙水		最大值	112.6		最大值	121.30
		最小值	58.3		最小值	65.80
		平均	76.88		平均	82.00
		标准差	14.31		标准差	15.33
		变异系数	0.19		变异系数	0.19
注：变异系数为无量纲。 Note: variation coefficient is dimensionless.

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