桂西北喀斯特区石灰土矿物质的空间变异特征

俞月凤; 曾成城; 宋同清; 彭晚霞; 何铁光

doi:10.11932/karst20230303

桂西北喀斯特区石灰土矿物质的空间变异特征

doi: 10.11932/karst20230303

俞月凤^{1, 3,},
曾成城^{1, 3},
宋同清²,
彭晚霞²,
何铁光^{1, 3, ,}

1.
广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 广西南宁 530007
2.
中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 湖南长沙 410125
3.
广西耕地保育重点实验室, 广西南宁 530007

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(32160284)；广西自然科学基金面上项目（2020GXNSFAA297092，2023GXNSFBA026336）；广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2023YM68)

详细信息

作者简介:
俞月凤（1988－），女，助理研究员，研究方向：农业生态与环境。E-mail: yuyue339@qq.com

通讯作者:
何铁光（1976－），男，博士，研究员，研究方向：农业生态与环境。E-mail: tghe118@163.com

中图分类号: S153.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-16
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-30

Spatial variation of limestone soil minerals in a karst area of northwestern Guangxi

YU Yuefeng^{1, 3
,},
ZENG Chengcheng^{1, 3},
SONG Tongqing²,
PENG Wanxia²,
HE Tieguang^{1, 3
, ,}

1.
Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
2.
Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
3.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China

摘要

摘要: 基于整个桂西北喀斯特地区石灰土的网格取样分析，采用经典统计分析和地统计学方法，研究桂西北喀斯特大尺度区域下表层（0~15 cm）石灰土矿物质(SiO₂、Fe₂O₃、CaO、MgO、Al₂O₃、MnO) 的空间变异特征及影响因素。结果表明：SiO₂含量高达55.72%，其次为Al₂O₃，二者占了土壤矿物质含量的85. 22%；变异系数在37.50%~71.67%之间。SiO₂空间自相关中等，Al₂O₃和MnO空间自相关弱，三者变程长，空间连续性好；CaO、Fe₂O₃、MgO空间自相关显著，变程短。Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃的空间变异特征主要受海拔影响，裸岩率是影响SiO₂、MnO和MgO空间变异性的主要地质因子，坡度则是影响CaO空间分布的主要因素。主成分分析表明土壤矿物质是影响桂西北喀斯特区石灰土空间变异的重要因子，特别是SiO₂。区域大尺度下，各地质地形因子通过影响石灰土矿物质空间变异特征，从而影响石灰土的空间分布。
- 矿物质 /
- 喀斯特 /
- 空间变异 /
- 石灰土
Abstract: As extremely important components of soil and constitutors of soil skeleton, soil minerals account for over 95% of the solid mass of soil. They directly participate in the entire process of soil weathering, soil formation, and plant growth and development, impacting significantly on the internal structure, exchange capacity, and fertility status of soil. Studying the spatial distribution of soil mineral elements is of great significance for understanding and mastering soil development, physical and chemical properties, and the supply status of plant nutrients. Because of the special formation matrix and ecological environment conditions of carbonate rock—the parent material of limestone soil in karst areas, soil in karst areas presents a high degree of spatial heterogeneity. At the same time, the shortage of mineral nutrients may be an important limiting factor for the growth and restoration of vegetation in mountainous areas of carbonate rock in southwestern China. However, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil minerals on a large scale in the karst area of northwestern Guangxi are currently unclear. Clarifying the spatial variation characteristics of limestone minerals in the karst area of northwestern Guangxi can provide reference for the effective utilization of mineral resources and ecological restoration and reconstruction. In order to explore the distribution pattern of the main soil mineral components in the karst area of northwestern Guangxi and to guide vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction in the relevant area, the spatial heterogeneity of mineral components (SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, Al₂O₃, and MnO) in surface soil (0-15 cm) and its influencing factors were studied by the methods of classical statistics and geostatistics. The soil samples were collected by the grid method based on the whole karst regional scale in northwestern Guangxi. The results show that the content differences and variance coefficients of six mineral components in limestone soil of karst area in northwestern Guangxi are large. The average content of SiO₂ is up to 55.72%, while the variance coefficient is the smallest (37.50%). The sum of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ accounts for 85.22% of the total six mineral components. The spatial patterns of the six mineral components are quite different from each other, and fit different models of mineral components. The spatial autocorrelation of SiO₂ is medium, but the autocorrelations of Al₂O₃ and MnO are weak, and their ranges are long in good spatial continuum. CaO, Fe₂O₃ and MgO are characterized by strong spatial autocorrelations with short ranges. The spatial distribution of minerals is closely related to the main nutrients and topographic characteristics. The spatial variation of Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ is mainly affected by the altitude. The bare rock rate is the main topographic factor affecting the spatial variation of SiO₂, MnO and MgO, and the gradient is the main factor affecting the spatial distribution of CaO. A principal component analysis show that the soil mineral is an important factor affecting the spatial variation of limestone soil, especially SiO₂. On a large regional scale, various topographic factors affect the spatial variation limestone soil minerals, and hence impacting the spatial distribution of limestone soil.
- minerals /
- karst /
- spatial variation /
- limestone soil

HTML

图 1 石灰土矿质养分的半方差函数图

Figure 1. Semi-variance grams of limestone soil minerals

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图 2 石灰土矿物质与主要养分、地形及植被类型的相关性分析

Si-二氧化硅 Ca-氧化钙 Fe-三氧化二铁 Al-三氧化二铝 Mn-氧化锰 Mg-氧化镁 SOC-土壤有机碳 AN-速效氮 AK-速效钾 AP-速效磷 TN-全氮 TP-全磷 TK-全钾 H-海拔 L-裸岩率 PD-坡度 ZB -植被类型

Figure 2. Correlation analysis of minerals, main nutrients, topographic factors and vegetation type in limestone soil

Si-SiO₂, Ca-CaO, Fe-Fe₂O₃, Al-Al₂O₃, Mn-MnO, Mg-MgO, SOC-soil organic carbon, AN-available nitrogen, AK-available potassium, AP-available phosphorus, TN-total nitrogen, TP-total phosphorus, TK-total potassium, H-height, L-bare rock ratio, PD-gradient, ZB –vegetation type

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表 1 石灰土矿物质描述性统计特征

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of limestone soil minerals

指标	最大值	最小值	均值	标准差 S.D.	变异系数 CV/%	偏度	峰度	K-S检验
SiO₂	98.14	21.50	55.72	20.90	37.50	0.45	−1.07	0.070
CaO	4.59	0.14	1.52	1.09	71.67	0.98	0.07	0.000
Fe₂O₃	23.09	0.63	8.89	4.89	55.20	0.62	−0.14	0.169
Al₂O₃	29.24	2.11	14.60	6.90	47.26	0.26	−0.95	0.134
MgO	2.75	0.08	1.04	0.61	58.72	0.67	−0.06	0.330
MnO	0.68	0.04	0.24	0.14	58.42	0.63	−0.14	0.145

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表 2 石灰土矿物质的半方差函数模型参数

Table 2. Parameters of the semi-variogram models for limestone soil minerals

指标	模型 Model	C0	C0+C	C0/(C0+C)	变程A/km	R²	RSS
SiO₂	指数模型	0.091	0.227	0.401	317.9	0.956	9.00E-05
CaO	指数模型	0.069	1.160	0.059	19.2	0.779	1.05E-02
Fe₂O₃	指数模型	0.012	0.054	0.219	20.7	0.608	3.94E-05
Al₂O₃	线性模型	0.332	0.332	1.000	216.2	0.502	6.81E-03
MgO	指数模型	0.038	0.380	0.100	12.9	0.340	1.62E-03
MnO	线性模型	0.019	0.019	1.000	216.2	0.467	1.779E-06

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表 3 桂西北喀斯特地区石灰土空间变异特征的主成分分析

Table 3. Principal component analysis of spatial variation characteristics of limestone soil

项目	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5
pH	0.664	0.169	−0.157	−0.308	0.179
有机碳	0.574	−0.581	0.042	−0.029	−0.067
速效氮	0.569	−0.403	−0.030	−0.235	−0.259
速效钾	0.536	0.129	0.395	−0.262	0.040
速效磷	0.133	0.182	0.780	0.103	−0.256
全氮	0.750	−0.403	0.073	0.074	−0.146
全磷	0.728	0.011	0.404	0.267	−0.232
全钾	0.341	0.221	0.057	0.383	0.577
海拔	0.229	−0.548	0.198	0.416	0.300
裸岩率	0.478	−0.388	−0.389	0.082	0.071
坡度	0.081	−0.243	−0.602	0.332	0.103
植被类型	−0.367	0.459	0.412	0.207	0.254
SiO₂	−0.733	−0.268	0.092	0.042	−0.222
CaO	0.356	−0.038	0.336	−0.564	0.381
Fe₂O₃	0.442	0.694	−0.324	0.108	−0.211
Al₂O₃	0.431	0.622	−0.417	−0.041	−0.227
MnO	0.646	0.274	0.175	0.448	−0.144
MgO	0.522	0.274	−0.168	−0.139	0.248
特征值	4.766	2.601	2.144	1.339	1.124
累积贡献率/%	26.479	40.928	52.842	60.281	66.524

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