山东省邹城市东部地下水水化学特征及形成机制

陈浩; 王家鼎; 王琳琳; 杨传伟; 姜福红

doi:10.11932/karst20230110

山东省邹城市东部地下水水化学特征及形成机制

doi: 10.11932/karst20230110

陈浩^{1, 2,},
王家鼎^1, ,,
王琳琳²,
杨传伟²,
姜福红²

1.
西北大学, 陕西西安 710069
2.
山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院(山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队), 山东济宁 272100

基金项目: 山东省地下水水源地调查评价（鲁西南）项目[鲁地环（2016）02号]

详细信息

作者简介:
陈浩（1980－），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为水文水资源。E-mail：lnychenhao@163.com

通讯作者:
王家鼎（1962－），男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为水文地质工程地质。E-mail：wangjd@nwu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-01
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-25

Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater in east Zoucheng City, Shandong Province

1.
Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
2.
Shandong Provincial Lunan Geology and Exploration Institute (Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources No.2 Geological Brigade), Jining, Shandong 272100, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究山东省邹城市东部缺水山区地下水水化学特征、水质状况和水化学过程，采集研究区各类型地下水样品32件，检测K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl⁻、${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$、${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$、${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$、F⁻、TH和TDS等化学指标，综合利用图解法、相关性分析和主成分分析等方法探讨其地下水的水化学特征和形成机制。结果表明：（1）研究区裂隙水、孔隙水与岩溶水具有相似的水化学特征，裂隙水和孔隙水的水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca型为主，而岩溶水水化学类型为HCO₃ -Ca · Mg型；（2）孔隙水、裂隙水和岩溶水水化学形成机制主要以水−岩相互作用为主，其次还受到人类活动的影响。孔隙水受水−岩相互作用和人类活动影响的比例分别为77.7%和10.5%，而裂隙水受影响的比例分别为63.9%和11.3%。
- 裂隙水 /
- 水化学特征 /
- 形成机制 /
- 主成分分析 /
- 邹城市
Abstract: The study area is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, which is a typical water shortage area in Shandong Province, and groundwater is an important water supply source in this area. There are distributed pore groundwater, karst groundwater, and fissure groundwater. The distribution of pore groundwater is small and discontinuous, with poor water-richness. Although the karst aquifer is relatively in good water-richness, its distribution is more limited. The fissure water presents a wide distribution, but its water-richness is extremely poor. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and the continuous growth of urban population, the demand for groundwater resources is increasing, thus exacerbating the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, which is bound to seriously restrict the improvement of local people's living standard and economic and social development. Therefore, the study on the hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater in the water-scarce mountainous area of eastern Zoucheng City can provide a strong theoretical basis for promoting the construction of new rural areas and the implementation of drinking water safety projects. Based on this, 32 samples of different types of groundwater (24 fracture water samples, 6 pore water samples and 2 karst water samples) were collected in this study, and the water chemistry indexes such as K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, ${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$, ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$, ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$, F⁻, TH and TDS were measured in the water-scarce mountainous area in eastern Zoucheng city as a typical research area. The water chemistry characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater in the region were explored in depth by graphical method, correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Results show that the cations of both fracture water and pore water are Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺, while the cations of karst water are Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺, and the anions of all three types of groundwater are ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ > ${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$ > Cl⁻ > ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$ > F⁻. The water chemistry types of fracture water and pore water are mainly HCO₃-Ca type, while the type of karst water is HCO₃-Ca-Mg. The water chemistry formation mechanism of pore water, fracture water and karst water is mainly related to water-rock interaction, followed by the human activities. The results of principal component analysis show that water-rock interaction and human activities affect 77.7% and 10.5% of pore water, and 63.9% and 11.3% of fracture water, respectively.
- fissure water /
- hydrochemical characteristics /
- formation mechanism /
- principal component analysis /
- Zoucheng City

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图 1 研究区水文地质及取样点位置分布图

Figure 1. Distribution of sampling locations and hydrogeology in the study area

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图 2 研究区地下水水化学组成Piper三线图

Figure 2. Piper diagram of groundwater in the study area

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图 3 研究区地下水Gibbs图

Figure 3. Gibbs diagram of groundwater in the study area

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图 4 研究区地下水中各离子相关关系散点图

Figure 4. Hydrochemical relationships between the rates of the selected ions of water samples

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图 5 Cl⁻与${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$相关关系图

Figure 5. Correlation between Cl⁻ and ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$

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图 6 研究区地下水阳离子交换作用相关关系图

a.(Na⁺+K⁺–Cl⁻)与[(Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺)–(${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$+${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$)]相互关系 b.CAI-1与CAI-2相互关系

Figure 6. Bivariate diagrams of cation exchange in thr study area

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表 1 研究区水化学参数特征值统计表/mg·L⁻¹

Table 1. Statistics of hydrochemical parameters of groundwater and surface water in the study area/mg·L⁻¹

地下水类型	项目或编号	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$	${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$	Cl⁻	F⁻	${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$（N）	TH	TDS
裂隙水（n=24）	最小值	30.35	5.38	11.61	1.03	70.41	24.31	6.54	0.07	0.10	97.94	188.98
	最大值	173.67	26.05	80.99	9.52	333.82	137.78	99.30	1.33	48.08	521.16	765.08
	平均值	91.61	16.25	29.41	3.45	198.27	66.11	45.60	0.27	18.15	295.69	459.78
	标准差	39.01	5.41	16.58	2.03	69.85	29.93	27.76	0.28	13.26	113.47	178.43
	变异系数/%	42.59	33.28	56.36	58.87	35.23	45.27	60.88	103.14	73.06	38.38	38.81
孔隙水（n=6）	最小值	60.42	11.53	13.72	1.43	133.53	29.91	19.97	0.10	0.28	198.35	271.09
	最大值	189.67	52.15	125.62	5.14	524.40	154.21	159.23	0.24	41.10	688.42	1152.00
	平均值	107.57	23.40	42.68	2.71	297.20	73.91	65.14	0.17	10.90	364.98	532.97
	标准差	50.86	14.86	44.48	1.53	180.21	42.81	52.32	0.05	16.04	185.68	331.25
	变异系数/%	47.28	63.51	104.24	56.49	60.64	57.93	80.33	29.41	147.16	50.87	62.15
岩溶水（n=2）	J1	84.37	19.64	13.10	1.24	213.65	47.75	31.64	0.10	12.88	291.57	378.02
岩溶水（n=2）	J2	79.82	19.80	6.31	5.69	269.49	31.01	8.55	0.17	6.91	280.86	337.78

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表 2 研究区地下水水化学参数相关性系数矩阵

Table 2. Correlation matrices of hydrochemical parameters of groundwater in the study area

	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$	${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$	Cl⁻	F⁻	${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$	TH	TDS
Ca²⁺	1	0.726^**	0.677^**	0.302	0.783^**	0.731^**	0.824^**	−0.403	0.650^**	0.983^**	0.935^**
Mg²⁺		1	0.755^**	0.265	0.750^**	0.644^**	0.792^**	−0.387	0.479^**	0.839^**	0.811^**
Na⁺			1	0.367^*	0.662^**	0.701^**	0.873^**	−0.115	0.592^**	0.735^**	0.870^**
K⁺				1	0.186	0.171	0.344	−0.037	0.505^**	0.309	0.399^*
${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$					1	0.449^**	0.628^**	−0.340	0.185	0.818^**	0.723^**
${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$						1	0.716^**	−0.240	0.598^**	0.749^**	0.803^**
Cl⁻							1	−0.274	0.676^**	0.861^**	0.924^**
F⁻								1	−0.187	−0.421	−0.311
${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$									1	0.641^**	0.772^**
TH										1	0.954^**
TDS											1
注：和*分别代表0.05和0.01显著水平。

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表 3 地下水主成分分析结果

Table 3. Results of principal component analysis of groundwater

参数	孔隙水		裂隙水
参数	RC1	RC2	RC1	RC2
Ca²⁺	0.952	0.224	0.933	−0.154
Mg²⁺	0.986	0.104	0.797	−0.231
Na⁺	0.996	0.024	0.742	0.421
K⁺	0.808	−0.458	0.433	0.568
${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$	0.837	0.358	0.703	−0.399
${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$	0.771	0.100	0.827	0.005
Cl⁻	0.987	−0.089	0.896	0.158
TDS	0.997	0.072	0.985	0.090
F⁻	−0.290	0.765	−0.529	0.565
${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$	0.851	−0.341	0.800	0.355
TH	0.976	0.187	0.957	−0.178
特征值	8.547	1.159	7.033	1.246
方差百分数/%	77.703	10.538	63.938	11.332
累计方差百分数/%	77.703	88.241	63.938	75.270

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