西南石漠化区林下土壤养分特征及差异性

陈秋帆; 卢琦; 王妍; 刘云根

doi:10.11932/karst2022y24

西南石漠化区林下土壤养分特征及差异性

doi: 10.11932/karst2022y24

陈秋帆^1,,
卢琦^{1, 3},
王妍^{1, 2},
刘云根^{1, 2}

1.
西南林业大学石漠化研究院, 云南昆明 650224
2.
云南省山地农村生态环境演变与污染治理重点实验室, 云南昆明 650224
3.
中国林业科学研究院, 北京 100009

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(31760245，31660139)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈秋帆（1991－），女，博士研究生，研究方向为石漠化治理。E-mail：260961355@qq.com

中图分类号: X173
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-30
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-25

Nutrient characteristics and differences of forest soil in rocky desertification areas of Southwest China

CHEN Qiufan^1
,,
LU Qi^{1, 3},
WANG Yan^{1, 2},
LIU Yungen^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Rocky Desertification Control, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Ecological Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous Rural Areas of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
3.
Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100009, China

摘要

摘要: 文章采用文献检索法收集20世纪90年代以来石漠化区植被修复和土壤研究相关论文，以全国二次土壤普查养分分级标准为基础，探讨林下土壤养分改良情况及土壤化学计量特征。结果表明：（1）中国西南石漠化区林下土壤总有机碳、全氮均值均高于全国二次土壤普查养分一等级，全磷处于二级范围，土壤养分改善效果明显，而全钾含量属于五级低钾区；（2）广西壮族自治区总有机碳和全氮均值为五省（区、市）第一，全磷和全钾位于二等级和四等级，土壤养分含量增加最明显；贵州省总有机碳、全氮高于一等级34%和37%，全磷值在二等级范围，全钾值位于第五等级，贵州省石漠化林下土壤养分改良明显；云南省总有机碳、全磷指标分别高于一等级9%、21%，全氮属于二等级，全钾属于五等级，土壤养分指标有不同程度提高；重庆市总有机碳高于一等级1.75%，全氮和全磷属于二等级，全钾为五省中最高且属于四级，土壤养分指标改良较其他三省慢；湖南省总有机碳指标为二等级，全氮、全磷、全钾值分别属于二等级、五等级、五等级，湖南省需加强石漠化治理的力度；（3）西南石漠化区土壤总有机碳和全氮指标呈正相关，植被生长亦受钾元素限制。其中，广西壮族自治区总有机碳、全氮和全磷存储快，土壤改良效益极其显著；贵州省土壤固碳能力高于全国平均值；云南省石漠化地区土壤钾元素偏低，影响植被生长；重庆市土壤中全钾含量高与总有机碳、全氮、全磷关系不大，氮元素成为限制植物生长的元素；湖南省植被生长需补充磷、钾元素。西南石漠化区植被生长应充分补充钾元素，除此之外，湖南、重庆需加强磷、氮元素的补充；云南、湖南、重庆应借鉴广西壮族自治区生态修复经验，加强石漠化生态治理并发挥效益。
- 石漠化 /
- 西南五省(区、市) /
- 植被修复 /
- 土壤养分 /
- 化学计量比
Abstract: In this study, papers related to vegetation restoration and soil in rocky desertification area since 1990s have been retrieved. Based on nutrient grading standards of two national soil censuses, the soil nutrient improvement and soil stoichiometry characteristics have been explored, which can provide theoretical foundation for the ecological restoration effect and model screening of rocky desertification. Results are shown as follows, (1) The mean values of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the forest soil of rocky desertification areas of Southwest China are higher than those of Grade Ⅰ of two national soil censuses. Total phosphorus (TP) falls into Grade Ⅱ, with obvious soil nutrient improvement, while the total potassium (TK) concentration falls into the GradeⅤ of the low potassium area. (2) According to the soil censuses, TOC and TN rank top among the five provinces/regions/cities, and TP and TK fall into Grade Ⅱ and Grade Ⅳ, respectively in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which can show the most significant increase in soil nutrient concentration. In Guizhou Province, TOC and TN are higher than those of grade Ⅰ by 34% and 37%, respectively, and TP falls into Grade Ⅱ and TK Grade Ⅴ, reflecting obvious nutrient improvement of forest soil in rocky desertification areas of this province. In Yunnan Province, TOC and TP are higher than those of Grade I by 9% and 21% respectively. TN falls into Grade II and TK Grade V. These indexes show that soil nutrients has been improved to different degrees. TOC in Chongqing City is higher than that of Grade I by 1.75%. Both TN and TP fall into Grade Ⅱ. TK, ranking top among the five provinces/regions/cities, falls into Grade IV, showing less improvement compared with that of the other three provinces. In Hunan Province, TOC, TN, TP and TK fall into Grades Ⅱ, Ⅱ, Ⅴ, and Ⅴ respectively, suggesting that Hunan Province should focus on controlling rocky desertification. (3) Indicators of TOC and TN in the soil of rocky desertification areas in Southwest China are positively correlated, and the growth of vegetation is limited by potassium. TOC, TN and TP are stored quickly in Guangxi with significant soil improvement. The soil carbon sequestration capacity of Guizhou Province is higher than that of national average. In rocky desertification areas of Yunnan Province, low TK has posed a bad effect on vegetation growth. The high concentration of TK in Chongqing is not related to TOC, TN, and TP, but nitrogen limits the growth of plants. Phosphorus and potassium elements should be supplemented in growing vegetation in Hunan Province. In conclusion, potassium should be supplemented in growing pants in rocky desertification areas of Southwest China. In addition, phosphorus and nitrogen should be supplemented in Hunan Province and Chongqing City. To strengthen the ecological management of rocky desertification and bring the management into full play, Yunnan, Hunan and Chongqing should learn the experience of ecological restoration from Guangxi.
- rocky desertification /
- five provinces/regions/cities in Southwest China /
- vegetation restoration /
- soil nutrients /
- stoichiometric ratio

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图 1 西南石漠化区植被修复土壤TOC、TN、TP、TK含量分布特征(PK-S>0.05表示呈正态分布)

Figure 1. Soil distribution characteristics of TOC, TN, TP, and TK under the vegetation restoration of rocky desertification areas in Southwest China (PK-S>0.05 indicates normal distribution.)

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图 2 西南石漠化植被修复下土壤TOC、TN、TP、TK土壤差异性(小写字表示在P=0.05%水平下土壤各个指标差异性)

Figure 2. Differences of soil TOC, TN, TP, TK under the vegetation restoration of rocky desertification areas in Southwest China(Lower case letters indicates the differences in soil indicators at P = 0.05% level)

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图 3 西南石漠化土壤养分化学计量特征相关性

Figure 3. Correlation between stoichiometric characteristics of soil nutrients in rocky desertification areas of Southwest China

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表 1 西南石漠化植被修复下土壤TOC、TN、TP、TK指标情况

Table 1. Concentration of soil TOC, TN, TP and TK under the vegetation restoration of rocky desertification areas in Southwest China

	区域		TOC样本数	TOC范围/ g·kg⁻¹	TOC平均值/ g·kg⁻¹	TN样/ 本数	TN范围/ g·kg⁻¹	TN平均值/ g·kg⁻¹	TP样本数	TP范围/ g·kg⁻¹	TP平均值/ g·kg⁻¹	TK样本数	TK范围/ g·kg⁻¹	TK平均值/ g·kg⁻¹
贵州	南部	织金县城关镇	3	(29.98~40.76)	36.57	3.00	(1.56~1.79)	1.69	3.00	(0.29~0.45)	0.35	3.00	(1.72~2.11)	1.93
		关岭县与贞丰县地带	14	(32.51~64.8)	47.40	14.00	(1.14~5.19)	3.39	14.00	(0.65~1.50)	1.08	14.00	(2.59~11.78)	7.73
		紫云	6	（16.79~94.06）	41.37	6.00	(1.07~3.721)	2.01	5.00	（0.62~3.66）	1.47	6.00	(7.68~17.354)	12.19
		贵州普定县	13	（5.23~95.80	49.18	14.00	(0.26~4.84)	2.48	14.00	（0.10~1.59）	0.59	9.00	（1.57~19.16）	8.86
		荔波县	2	(43.14~50.72)	46.93	2.00	(2.66~2.85)	2.76	2.00	(0.64~0.87)	0.76	2.00	(12.45~15.2)	13.83
		茂兰国家自然保护区	3	（54.72~79.33）	67.28	4.00	（3.86~5.77）	4.55	4.00	（0.45~0.73）	0.61	4.00	（8.53~11.25）	10.37
	西部	毕节市七星关区撒拉溪示范区	9	(17.69~104.12)	53.96	9.00	(1.41~2.87)	1.68	6.00	(0.33~4.67)	1.31	8.00	(4.38~8.93)	5.80
		晴隆县属高原峡谷区	4	（26.39~100.6）	58.03	4.00	(1.76~5.45)	3.53	4.00	(0.63~1.38)	1.03	4.00	(7.21~18.93)	10.27
		黔西县	3	(36.45~80.95)	57.05	3.00	(2.25~4.43)	3.20	3.00	(0.67~0.75)	0.70	3.00	(2.85~11.48)	5.85
	中部	贵阳市	4	（56.09~92.88）	79.46	4.00	（0.47~4.38）	2.86	6.00	(0.31~0.65)	0.47	4.00	(0.40~19.49)	9.43
	东北部	黔东南黄平县	8	(19.46~62.45)	36.36	8.00	(1.16~2.50)	1.64	8.00	(0.13~0.93)	0.53	5.00	(7.63~14.33)	11.51
	东北部	黔东南地区	4	（43.34~93.90）	69.69	4.00	(2.57~4.09)	3.14	4.00	（0.34~2.85）	1.06	2.00	（3.69~18.70）	11.20
广西	都安县		9	(36.8~131.72)	59.30	9.00	(1.42~6.75)	2.83	9.00	(0.2~1.05)	0.84	9.00	(3.61~8.99)	6.39
	环江毛南族自治县		45	（9.87~151.87）	59.56	44.00	（1.31~8.28）	4.15	44.00	（0.23~2.46）	1.08	41.00	(1.75~16.90)	7.33
	南宁、桂林、防城港等地		12	(10.97~112.40)	54.08	12.00	(0.92~7.20)	3.98	11.00	(0.31~1.70)	0.97	1.00	16.95	16.95
云南	曲靖		15	（20.81~125.88）	64.83	16.00	（0.95~7.13）	4.11	16.00	（0.31~2.25）	1.02	16.00	（0.52~14.33）	8.79
	石林		9	(14.09~21.99)	18.50	9.00	(0.74~2.49)	1.31	9.00	（1.70~1.89）	1.82	9.00	(1.38~2.14)	1.75
	文山		22	(11.67~129.7)	47.48	21.00	（0.29~6.18）	2.70	22.00	(0.03~2.50)	0.80	19.00	(0.21~15.00)	11.09
重庆	南川、北碚、黔江、巫溪等典型石漠化地区		22	（10.36~115.81）	40.70	21.00	（0.40~3.64）	1.97	20.00	（0.30~1.17）	0.71	20.00	（0.91~36.36）	13.44
湖南	湘中、湘南等典型石漠化地区		25	（8.09~85.04）	36.00	22.00	（0.92~2.64）	1.76	24.00	（0.18~0.88）	0.37	21.00	（1.91~15.4）	5.86
全国总计			232	（5.23~151.87）	46.31	229	（0.26~8.28）	2.56	228	（0.03~4.64）	0.82	200	（0.21~36.36）	9.16

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表 2 不同省(区、市)植被修复石漠化土壤养分指标含量(PK-S>0.05表示呈正态分布)

Table 2. Soil nutrient indicators under the vegetation restoration in the rocky desertification areas of different province/regions/cities (Pk-S>0.05 indicates normal distribution)

区域	TOC				TN				TP			TK
区域	样点数	分区类型	集中区间	PK-S	样点数	分区类型	集中区间	PK-S	样点数	分区类型	集中区间	PK-S	样点数	分区类型	集中区间	PK-S
贵州	73	正态分布	40~60	0.078	75	正态分布	1~2	0.136	73	正态分布	0.4~0.8	0.107	64	正态分布	7.5~12.5	0.081
广西	66	正态分布	40~80	0.078	65	正态分布	1.5~2.5	0.146	64	正态分布	0.8~1.2	0.129	51	正态分布	2.5~7.50	0.113
云南	46	正态分布	20~60	0.100	46	正态分布	1.5~2	0.141	47	正态分布	0.6~0.8	0.182	44	正态分布	10~15	0.289
重庆	22	正态分布	20~40	0.169	21	正态分布	1.5~2.0	0.138	20	正态分布	0.2~1.0	0.120	20	正态分布	7.5~17.5	0.145
湖南	25	正态分布	10~30	0.232	22	正态分布	1.5~2.0	0.181	24	正态分布	0.2~0.4	0.176	21	正态分布	2.5~5.0	0.264

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表 3 西南石漠化区土壤化学计量特征比

Table 3. Ratio of soil stoichiometry in rocky desertification areas of Southwest China

名称	C∶N	C∶P	C∶K	N∶P	N∶K	P∶K
贵州	23.20	83.49	10.17	4.36	0.42	0.17
广西	16.20	65.83	11.81	4.64	0.71	0.19
云南	19.47	85.98	13.91	3.97	0.93	0.37
重庆	21.27	61.26	4.82	3.16	0.27	0.12
湖南	17.18	106.29	7.62	5.72	0.47	0.10
全国	19.46	80.57	9.67	4.37	0.56	0.19

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