济南趵突泉泉域岩溶水硝酸盐污染特征及其来源识别

张海林; 王重; 林广奇; 徐源; 马雪莹; 关琴

doi:10.11932/karst20220611

济南趵突泉泉域岩溶水硝酸盐污染特征及其来源识别

doi: 10.11932/karst20220611

张海林^{1, 2,},
王重^{1, 2},
林广奇^{1, 2},
徐源^{1, 2},
马雪莹^{1, 2},
关琴^{1, 2}

1.
山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队(山东省地矿工程勘察院), 山东济南 250014
2.
山东省地下水环境保护与修复工程技术研究中心, 山东济南 250014

基金项目: 山东省地质勘查优选“济南岩溶地下水污染机理研究及风险评价”（2015-34）

详细信息

作者简介:
张海林（1980－），女，正高级工程师，主要从事水文地质与环境地质勘查工作。E-mail：hl_z826@sina.com

中图分类号: X523
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-06
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-25

Nitrate pollution characteristics and identification of nitrate sources in Baotu Spring area of Jinan

ZHANG Hailin^{1, 2
,},
WANG Zhong^{1, 2},
LIN Guangqi^{1, 2},
XU Yuan^{1, 2},
MA Xueying^{1, 2},
GUAN Qin^{1, 2}

1.
801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
2.
Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China

摘要

摘要: 为有效防治硝酸盐污染，保障区域饮用水安全，识别硝酸盐的污染来源，在系统分析济南趵突泉水文地质条件的基础上，进行岩溶水取样调查，采用N、O双同位素技术，识别其泉域内硝酸盐的主要污染来源，并利用IsoSource模型定量计算各污染来源的贡献率。结果表明：趵突泉泉域岩溶水中硝酸盐主要污染来源有动物粪便与污水、土壤有机氮、化肥中的NH $_4^{+}$ ；其中动物粪便与污水来源贡献率最大，均值达到51.07%，其次是土壤有机氮和化肥，均值分别为25.21%、23.71%。
- 硝酸盐 /
- 氮氧同位素 /
- 岩溶水 /
- 趵突泉泉域
Abstract: Under the control of the topography and the geologic structure, karst water in Baotu Spring of Jinan City is supplied in the southern mountain area, and flows from south to north along the karst fractures. In front of the northern mountain, karst water runoff is blocked by the hidden igneous rock mass. Therefore, many famous springs have been formed. Karst is developed in the spring area with the aquifer lithology of primary Cambrian and Ordovician limestone. The geological structure of this area is complex with low mountains in the south and the piedmont sloping plain in the north. In recent years, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, activities such as industrial production, agricultural planting and domestic waste discharge have led to different degrees of pollution of karst water in Jinan. Among these different types of pollution, the surface pollution caused by nitrate, one of the main pollutants in the spring area, is more prominent and related to the safety of water environment and local people's health. In order to effectively identify the sources of nitrate pollution, prevent the pollution, and ensure the safety of local drinking water, we carried out the accurate qualitative and quantitative identification of nitrate pollution sources in this study, according to the traditional water chemical analysis, the values of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes and the quantitative source analysis model. Based on the systematic hydrogeological analysis of Baotu Spring in Jinan, we collected 21 groups of nitrate samples of karst water, 14 groups of nitrogen and oxygen isotope samples, 2 groups of sewage isotope samples and 1 group of isotope samples for atmospheric precipitation from the end of May to the beginning of June, 2016. According to the analysis of test data, the nitrate concentration presents a large degree of dispersion in spatial distribution, with a coefficient of variation of 80%, which shows that the nitrate concentration is greatly affected by hydrogeological conditions and human activities. Because nitrates from different sources have different δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O values, combined with the investigation of pollution sources, the main sources of nitrate pollution in karst water in the study area are animal manure and sewage, soil organic nitrogen, and NH $_4^{+}$ in chemical fertilizers. The contribution rate of each pollution source is calculated quantitatively by IsoSource model. Results show that the contribution rate of animal manure and sewage sources is the largest, with an average of 51.07%, followed by soil organic nitrogen and NH $_4^{+}$ in chemical fertilizers, with an average of 25.21% and 23.71% respectively. The study shows that human activities are the main factor of nitrate increase in karst water of this area. The nitrate sources in the east and west of the study area are obviously different. Nitrate in the eastern region mainly comes from animal manure and sewage, with an average of 61.5% occupying more than 50% of the sample. The proportion of NH $_4^{+}$ sources in soil organic nitrogen and chemical fertilizers is relatively small, with an average proportion of 24.33% and 14.16% respectively. The main sources of nitrate in the western region are animal manure and sewage, but the proportion of NH $_4^{+}$ sources in fertilizers is increasing. In southwest mountainous area, the average proportion of soil organic nitrogen is 46%, and the proportion of chemical fertilizer is relatively small. But due to the intensive agricultural cultivation in the piedmont area, more use of chemical fertilizers results in the increasing proportion (an average of 36.2%) of NH $_4^{+}$ sources in fertilizers. From south to north, the source of soil organic nitrogen has been gradually transformed into the source of chemical fertilizers in the piedmont plain.
- nitrate /
- nitrogen and oxygen isotopes /
- karst water /
- Baotu Spring area

HTML

图 1 泉域水文地质略图

Figure 1. Hydrological geological map

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图 2 采样点分布图

Figure 2. Sampling sites in the study area

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图 3 岩溶水硝酸盐浓度分区图(mg·L^-1)

Figure 3. Nitrate concentration distribution in the study area(mg·L^-1)

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图 4 δ¹⁵N与 ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$ 的相关关系图

Figure 4. Relationship between δ¹⁵N- ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$ and ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-} $

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图 5 δ¹⁵N与δ¹⁸O的相关关系图

Figure 5. Relationship between δ¹⁵N- ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$ and δ¹⁸O - ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$

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图 6 研究区 ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$ 的δ¹⁵N与δ¹⁸O值特征分布图^[5,13]

Figure 6. Distribution of nitrate, nitrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics in study area

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表 1 岩溶水 ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$ 浓度测试结果统计（mg·L⁻¹）

Table 1. Test results of nitrate concentration (mg·L⁻¹)

	最大值	最小值	均值	标准差	变异系数
2016年枯水期	215.45	3.47	62.93	50.65	0.80

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表 2 岩溶水硝酸盐氮氧同位素水样测试结果（2016年枯水期）

Table 2. Test results of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes during the dry season of 2016

采样时间	编号	δ¹⁵N‰	δ¹⁸O‰	${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$/mg·L⁻¹	DO/mg·L⁻¹
2016.5	JS15	8.38	3.26	65.1	3.51
2016.5	JS10	11.49	2.83	110.15	2.24
2016.5	JS26	10.17	1.64	49.51	4.09
2016.5	JS36	12.76	2.67	105.47	5.02
2016.5	JS09	10.97	0.89	34.22	3.21
2016.5	JS05	10.15	3.45	61.02	3.55
2016.6	JS16	5.14	−2.08	215.45	3.92
2016.5	JS17	9.37	1.35	83.75	4.35
2016.5	JS18	8.13	0.48	40.17	3.57
2016.5	JS19	7.36	3.60	37.92	5.02
2016.5	JS20	9.13	4.03	96.45	3.67
2016.5	JS31	8.76	3.63	42.72	4.36
2016.5	JS33	9.12	3.12	51.70	3.60
2016.5	JS21	7.11	1.29	168.30	3.42

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表 3 研究区硝酸盐污染来源贡献率计算结果一览表

Table 3. Proportions of nitrate pollution sources in the study area

	编号	污水/%	土壤/%	化肥/%
东部	JS15	51	13	36
	JS10	68	22	10
	JS26	55	32	13
	JS36	75	25	0
	JS09	57	41	2
	JS05	63	13	24
西部	JS16	9	63	28
	JS17	49	34	17
	JS18	38	41	21
	JS19	46	8	46
	JS20	59	6	35
	JS31	55	9	36
	JS33	55	15	30
	JS21	35	31	34

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