自然电场法与高密度电法联作在西江中下游岩溶区找水中的应用

陈贻祥; 黄奇波; 覃小群; 韩凯; 肖琼; 苗迎; 杜成亮; 贺德煌

doi:10.11932/karst20220502

自然电场法与高密度电法联作在西江中下游岩溶区找水中的应用

doi: 10.11932/karst20220502

陈贻祥^{1, 2,},
黄奇波^{1, 2},
覃小群^{1, 2},
韩凯^{1, 2},
肖琼^{1, 2},
苗迎^{1, 2},
杜成亮³,
贺德煌¹

1.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 广西桂林 541004
2.
自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
3.
广西建设职业技术学院, 广西南宁 530007

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41572232）；中国地质调查局项目（DD20190343）；科技部援外项目(KY201802009)；广西科技计划项目(桂科AD17129047)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈贻祥（1959－），男，教授级高级工程师，主要从事岩溶物探方法的应用研究工作。E-mail：13807737473@163.com

中图分类号: P631.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 1863
- HTML浏览量: 1097
- PDF下载量: 65
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-02

Application of self-potential and high-density resistivity method to the water exploration in karst terrain of middle-lower reaches of Xijiang River

CHEN Yixiang^{1, 2
,},
HUANG Qibo^{1, 2},
QIN Xiaoqun^{1, 2},
HAN Kai^{1, 2},
XIAO Qiong^{1, 2},
MIAO Ying^{1, 2},
DU Chengliang³,
HE Dehuang¹

1.
Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MNR&GZAR, Guilin, Guangxi 514004, China
3.
Guangxi Polytechnic of Construction, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China

摘要

摘要: 基于溶洼区浅层岩溶地下水的渗流特性，研究富水岩溶地质结构在地下水渗流作用下引起的自然极化及由此形成的自然电场的分布特征，通过自然电场法与高密度电法联作，利用科研和中国地质调查局地质调查项目中探采结合井位的综合物探结果，探讨以自然电场法为主导、辅以高密度电法等综合物探方法，在西江中下游岩溶石山地区不同水文地质环境中寻找岩溶地下水的成功应用效果与失败的经验教训。研究结果表明，感应类电法（如瞬变电磁法、音频大地电磁测深法、地面核磁共振法、激发极化法、声频大地电场法、甚低频电磁法等）受电网、通信网络等人为电磁场干扰较严重；高密度电法抗人为电磁场干扰的能力较强，信噪比较高，但勘探深度相对较浅，且易受炭泥质灰岩、岩溶矿产等良导电岩矿体的干扰。自然电场法利用岩溶地下水运移引起的富水岩溶地质结构自然极化特征，自然电场异常与动态地下水的补给与运移状态关系较密切，自然电场法与基于探测目的体导电特性的高密度电法联作寻找溶洼区浅层地下水可起到方法互补、相互印证、提高探测分辨率与精度的作用。
- 自然电场法 /
- 高密度电法 /
- 岩溶洼地 /
- 浅层岩溶水 /
- 西江中下游
Abstract: Based on hydrodynamic conditions of the shallow karst groundwater seepage, we mainly study the natural polarization phenomenon of geological structures in water-enriched karst induced by the action of groundwater seepage and distribution characteristics of the natural electric field therefrom. By comprehensive prospecting with the combination of self-potential method and high-density electronic resistivity method, we analyse and evaluate the application effect of the combination on the exploration of karst groundwater in different hydrogeological environments of middle and lower reaches of Xijiang River. In this study, we also integrate geophysical prospecting results with the data derived from exploration & production wells in the survey project of hydrogeological environment initiated and supported by China Geological Survey. Study results show that induced electrical methods, such as transient electromagnetic method, audio magnetotelluric sounding method, ground nuclear magnetic resonance method, induced polarization method, sonic frequency geoelectric field method, VLF electromagnetic method, etc., are seriously affected by electromagnetic fields like power transmission and communication network. The high-density resistivity method shows a strong anti-interference ability and high signal-to-noise ratio. But its exploration depth is relatively shallow, and it is easily disturbed by ore bodies with high conductivity such as charry limestones or karst minerals. The self-potential method is used in the situation of polarization of geological structures in water-enriched karst caused by groundwater migration. Anomalies of the natural electric field are closely related to the groundwater recharge and migration. The complementation of self-potential method and high-density electronic resistivity method in groundwater exploration can contribute to the mutual corroboration of prospecting results, hence improving prospecting resolution and precision.
- self-potential method /
- high-density resistivity method /
- karst depression /
- shallow karst water /
- middle-lower reachers of Xijiang River

HTML

图 1 下贯屯测区水文地质及物探测线布置简图

1. 地层界线 2. 地层代号 3. 断层 4. 物探测线 5. 地下水消溢天窗 6. 公路 7. 农庄 8. 钻孔及编号

Figure 1. Hydrogeological sketch and geophysical layout in Xiaguang village

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 下贯屯测区第20测线物探地质断面图

1. 黏土 2. 溶蚀裂隙灰岩 3. 较完整灰岩 4. 地层界线 5. 岩溶发育异常区 6. 钻孔

Figure 2. Geophysical interpretation profile on line 20 in Xiaguang village

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 江洞屯测区水文地质及物探测线布置简图

1. 地层界线 2. 地层代号 3. 断层 4. 物探测线 5. 河流 6. S319省道 7. 等高线 8. 农庄

Figure 3. Hydrogeological sketch and geophysical layout in Jiangdong village

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 江洞屯测区第30测线物探地质断面图

1. 土层 2. 溶隙灰岩 3. 较完整灰岩 4. 地层界线 5. 岩溶发育异常区 6. 断层 7. 验证钻孔

Figure 4. Geophysical interpretation profile on line 30 in Jiangdong village

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 陇瑞洼地区域地质及物探测线布置简图

1. 第四系土层 2. 三叠系马脚岭组微晶灰岩 3. 二叠系合山组铁质灰岩 4. 二叠系茅口组砂屑灰岩 5. 二叠系栖霞组微晶灰岩 6. 二叠系马平组第二段灰岩夹白云岩 7. 方解石化 8. 正断层及编号 9. 逆断层及编号 10. 土岩分界线 11. 地质界线 12. 民井 13. 落水洞 14. 地下河天窗 15.下降泉及编号 16. 地下水流向17. 水文地质钻孔及编号 18. 山峰 19. 乡道及机耕路 20. 村庄 21. 测区 22. 物探测线点/线 23. 自电日变观测点 24. 充电点

Figure 5. Regional geological sketch (a) and geophysicallayout(b)in Longrui valley

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 陇瑞屯测区第18测线物探地质断面图

1. 土层 2. 较完整灰岩 3. 溶洞 4. 溶隙 5. 溶隙灰岩 6. 验证钻孔位置及孔号

Figure 6. Geophysical interpretation profile on line 18 in Longrui village

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 欧寨屯测区水文地质简图

1.第四系 2.泥盆系中统唐家湾组下段 3.泥盆系中统信都组上段 4.泥盆系中统贺县组 5.泥盆系中统莲花山组下段 6.地质界线 7.地层产状 8.正断层 9.推断断层 10.石灰岩孤峰 11.村屯位置及村名 12. 建筑物 13.乡村道路 14.物探测线及编号

Figure 7. Regional geological sketch in Ouzhai village

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 欧寨屯测区第2测线物探地质断面图

1.黏土 2.较完整灰岩 3.溶蚀裂隙灰岩 4.裂隙 5.溶洞 6.断层 7.建议钻孔

Figure 8. Geophysical interpretation profile on line 2 in Ouzhai village

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 新村屯测区水文地质物探测线布置简图

1.地层界线 2.地层代号 3.断层 4.物探测线 5.地下河 6.地下水流向 7.等高线 8.农庄

Figure 9. Hydrogeological sketch and Geophysical layout in Xincun village

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 新村屯测区第14测线物探地质断面图

1.土层 2.溶隙灰岩 3.较完整灰岩 4.炭质灰岩 5. 地层界线 6.推测断层 7.岩溶发育异常区 8.验证钻孔

Figure 10. Geophysical interpretation profile on line 14 in Xincun village

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 新村屯测区第14测线ZK3钻孔旁电测深曲线解释成果图

1.覆盖土层 2.裂隙灰岩 3.碳质灰岩

Figure 11. Interpretation results of the electric sounding curve near the borehole ZK3 on line 14 in Xincun village

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 岩溶区高密度电测深法勘探深度H与供电极距AO关系统计曲线

1.广西测区数据点 2.湘西测区数据点 3.贵州测区数据点

Figure 12. The statistical relationship between exploration depth(H) and electrode spacing(AO) of electrical resistivity tomography in karst terrain

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(26)

[1]	袁道先. 岩溶石漠化问题的全球视野和我国的治理对策与经验[J]. 草业科学, 2008, 25(9):19-25. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2008.09.009 YUAN Daoxian. Global view on karst rock desertif ication and integrating control measures and experiences of China[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2008, 25(9):19-25. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2008.09.009
[2]	覃小群, 宋开本, 黄奇波, 蓝芙宁, 黄春阳, 黄辉. 广西岩溶峰林区地下水赋存特征及钻探成井模式[J]. 中国岩溶, 2017, 36(5):618-625. QIN Xiaoqun, SONG Kaiben, HUANG Qibo, LAN Funing, HUANG Chunyang, HUANG Hui. Groundwater occurrence characteristics and drilling well models in karst peak forest areas, Guangxi, China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2017, 36(5):618-625.
[3]	石昆法, 戚洪彬, 王赟. 地层含水性研究的地球物理方法[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2002, 17(4):636-643. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2002.04.012 SHI Kunfa, QI Hongbin, WANG Yun. Geophysical methods to detect the hydrous stratum of the underground water[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2002, 17(4):636-643. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2002.04.012
[4]	陈贻祥, 甘伏平, 卢呈杰, 韦吉益. 岩溶塌陷自然电场及其应用[J]. 中国岩溶, 2013, 32(4):480-486. CHEN Yixiang, GAN Fuping, LU Chengjie, WEI Jiyi. The self-potential method and its application in karst collapse area[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2013, 32(4):480-486.
[5]	陈贻祥, 覃小群, 黄奇波, 甘伏平, 韩凯, 郑智杰, 贺德煌, 黄德健, 付昱, 蒋莹. 桂南陇瑞洼地浅层岩溶自然电场特征剖析[J]. 中国岩溶, 2018, 37(1):130-138. CHEN Yixiang, QIN Xiaoqun, HUANG Qibo, GAN Fuping, HAN Kai, ZHENG Zhijie, HE Dehuang, HUANG Dejian, FU Yu,JIANG Ying. Interpret self-potential anomalous characteristics of shallow karst valley in Longrui, south of Guangxi Provence, China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2018, 37(1):130-138.
[6]	郑灿堂. 应用自然电场法检测土坝渗漏隐患的技术[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2005, 20(3):854-858. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.03.045 ZHENG Cantang. The technique to detect the leakage of dam by applying the spontaneous electric field[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2005, 20(3):854-858. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.03.045
[7]	赫健, 孙从炎, 陈夷. 自然电场法和高密度电阻率法在天子岗水库副坝渗漏隐患探测中的应用[J]. 浙江水利科技, 2007, 153(5):45-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-701X.2007.05.018 HE Jian, SUN Congyan, CHEN Yi. Using natural electric field method and high density electronic resistivity method to measure hidden danger of seepage[J]. Zhejiang Hydrotechnics, 2007, 153(5):45-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-701X.2007.05.018
[8]	刘加文, 王治军, 杜志伟. 自然电场法在场地地下水勘查中的应用[J]. 工程地球物理学报, 2009, 6(5):612-615. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7940.2009.05.017 LIU Jiawen, WANG Zhijun, DU Zhiwei. Application of natural electric field in site groundwater exploration[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2009, 6(5):612-615. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7940.2009.05.017
[9]	王俊业. 应用自然电场法研究地下水流场[J]. 物探与化探, 2002, 26(2):140-142. WANG Junye. The application of natural electric field method to the study of geoundwater flow field[J]. Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, 2002, 26(2):140-142.
[10]	杨磊, 周启友, 雷鸣, 杨建龙. 基于自然电位方法的非饱和带水分分布和运移情况探测[J]. 工程勘察, 2012(12):84-89. YANG Lei, ZHOU Qiyou, LEI Ming, YANG Jianlong. Detecting the information of water distribution and transport in unsaturated zone by self-potential method[J]. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2012(12):84-89.
[11]	陈贻祥, 韦吉益, 喻立平, 赵伟, 崔雷, 李良杰. 黔南岩溶石山区电测深法异常类型及其成因探讨[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2012, 39(3):17-22. CHEN Yixiang, WEI Jiyi, YU Liping, ZHAO Wei, CUI Lei, LI Liangjie. Discussion of South Guizhou karst region electrical sounding abnormal type and genesis[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2012, 39(3):17-22.
[12]	陈贻祥, 甘伏平, 韦吉益, 卢呈杰, 赵伟. 泰安地区岩溶富水构造激电测深法异常类型[J]. 物探与化探, 2013, 37(3):427-432. CHEN Yixiang, GAN Fuping, WEI Jiyi, LU Chengjie, ZHAO Wei. Types and genesis of I. P. anomalies in the water-rich structure of Taian karst Area[J]. Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, 2013, 37(3):427-432.
[13]	李霞, 陈文芳, 万利勤, 侯丽丽, 王海刚, 何庆成, 王金生, 秦同春, 田小维. EH4和对称四极激发极化联合技术的严重缺水基岩山区找水研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2018, 45(1):23-29. LI Xia, CHEN Wenfang, WAN Liqin, HOU Lili, WANG Haigong, HE Qingcheng, WANG Jinsheng, QIN Tongchun, TIAN Xiaowei. Groundwater location in bedrock mountains with serious water scarcity using a combination of EH4 and symmetric quadrupole induced polarizations[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2018, 45(1):23-29.
[14]	许艳, 王洪杰, 殷继广, 张红亮, 李刚. 激电测深半衰时参数在东平山丘区找水中的应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2014, 38(4):685-687. XU Yan, WANG Hongjie, YIN Jiguang, ZHANG Hongliang, LI Gang. The application of half decay time parameter of IP to exploration of underground water in the hilly area of Dongping[J]. Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, 2014, 38(4):685-687.
[15]	郑智杰, 曾洁, 甘伏平. 装置和电极距对岩溶管道高密度电法响应特征的影响研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质 2016, 43(5): 161-172. ZHENG Zhijie, ZENG Jie, GAN Fuping. Research on the effect of device and electrode distance on the characteristics of high-density resistivity method in karst pipeline[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2016, 43(5): 161-172.
[16]	梁建刚, 刘黎东, 高学生, 苏永军, 孟利山. 电阻率法和激发极化法在地下水勘查中的应用[J]. 物探化探计算技术. 2014, 36(4): 415-420. LIANG Jiangang, LIU Lidong, GAO Xuesheng, SU Yongjun, MENG Lishan. The application of resitivity method and induced polarization in groundwater prospecting[J]. Computing techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical exploration, 2014, 36(4): 415-420.
[17]	张晋, 翁爱华, 赵建粮, 张秋冬, 郑栋材. 综合物探方法在应急抗旱找水中的应用[J]. 地下水. 2014, 36(3): 110-134. ZHANG Jin, WENG Aihua, ZHAO Jianliang, ZHANG Qiudong, ZHENG Dongcai. Application of comprehensive geophysical prospecting to water discovery[J]. Ground Water, 2014, 36(3): 110-134.
[18]	陈斌, 胡祥云, 刘道涵, 张云霞. 磁共振测深技术的发展历程与新进展[J]. 地球物理学进展. 2014, 29(2): 650-659. CHEN Bin, HU Xiangyun, LIU Daohan, ZHANG Yunxia. The development history and new progress of magnetic resonance sounding technique[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2014, 29(2): 650-659.
[19]	陈松, 余绍文, 刘怀庆, 漆剑, 刘道涵. 高密度电法在水文地质调查中的应用研究: 以江平圩幅为例[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2017, 32(2):849-855. CHEN Song, YU Shaowen, LIU Huaiqing, QI Jian, LIU Daohan. Application and research of high density resistivity method in hgdrogeological prospecting-a case study on Jiangping town map[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2017, 32(2):849-855.
[20]	李富, 邓国仕, 袁建飞, 王德伟, 李华, 唐业旗, 周一敏. 确定探采结合井位的综合物探方法技术研究: 以乌蒙山区为例[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2018, 33(3): 1218-1225. LI Fu, DENG Guoshi, YUAN Jianfei, WANG Dewei, LI Hua, TANG Yeqi, ZHOU Yimin. Combination of exploration and mining technology research method of geophysical exploration wells: in Wumeng mountain area as an example[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2018,33(3): 1218-1225.
[21]	Yixiang Chen, Fuping Gan, Yuling Chen, Conghui Wu, Pan Ke, Jiyi Wei, Chenjie Lu. Types and genesis of induced polarization anomalies in the water-rich structures of the Taian karst area[J]. Environ Earth Sciences, 2015, 74: 1047-1059. DOI 10.1007/s12665-015-4065-8.
[22]	Fritjof Fagerlund, Graham Heinson. Detecting subsurface groundwater flow in fractured rock using self-potential(sp) methods[J]. Environmental Geology, 2003, 43:782-794. doi: 10.1007/s00254-002-0693-x
[23]	A Revil, K Titov, C Doussan, V Lapenna. Applications of the self-potential method to hydrological problems[M]. Applied Hydrogeophysics, 2006,255–292.
[24]	Jeffrey R. Moore , Alexandre Boleve , Johnny W. Sanders , Steven D. Glaser. Self-potential investigation of moraine dam seepage[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2011,74(4): 277-286.
[25]	Du Chengliang, Chen Yixiang, Zhou Yongsheng, Cheng Bo. Application of a mathematical method in geophysics: Separating anomalies of horizontal gradients of the spontaneous potential field based on first-order difference[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2020,176 : 104009.
[26]	陈贻祥, 韩凯, 甘伏平, 潘科, 陈玉玲, 郑智杰, 张伟, 杨初长. 基于一阶差分的岩溶管道充电法电位水平梯度异常分离方法[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2015, 30(3): 1465-1473,doi: 6038/pg20150363. CHEN Yixiang, HAN Kai, GAN Fuping, PAN Ke, CHEN Yuling, ZHENG Zhijie, ZHANG Wei, YANG Chuchang. Ananomaly separation method for horizontal potential gradients of karst channels in mise a la masse based on first order differential [J]. Progress in Geophysics,2015, 30(3): 1456-1473.