岩溶高原山区表层岩溶泉绿能与高效开发利用模式

周翠琼; 张贵; 张文鋆; 高瑜; 何绕生; 王波; 张华; 彭淑惠

doi:10.11932/karst20220405

岩溶高原山区表层岩溶泉绿能与高效开发利用模式

doi: 10.11932/karst20220405

周翠琼^{1, 2,},
张贵¹,
张文鋆^{1, 2},
高瑜^{1, 2},
何绕生^{1, 2},
王波^{1, 2},
张华^{1, 2},
彭淑惠^{1, 2}

1.
云南省地质环境监测院, 云南昆明 650216
2.
自然资源部高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态修复重点实验室, 云南昆明 650216

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划专项（2016YFC0502502）

详细信息

作者简介:
周翠琼（1972－），女，高级工程师，长期从事水工环地质调查研究工作。E-mail：407528806@qq.com

中图分类号: P641
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-31

Green energy and its high-efficiency utilization model of surface karst springs in karst plateau mountainous area

ZHOU Cuiqiong^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Gui¹,
ZHANG Wenjun^{1, 2},
GAO Yu^{1, 2},
HE Raosheng^{1, 2},
WANG Bo^{1, 2},
ZHANG Hua^{1, 2},
PENG Shuhui^{1, 2}

1.
Yunnan Institute of Geological Environmental Monitoring, Kunming , Yunnan 650216, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Plateau Geohazards Monitoring & Warning and Ecological Conservation & Restoration, Kunming , Yunnan 650216, China

摘要

摘要: 为解决岩溶高原山区缺水的问题，合理开发利用表层岩溶水，开展了水文地质详细调查。查明区内表层岩溶泉出露13个，流量0~67.53 L·s⁻¹，动态变化与降水关系密切。文章总结了表层岩溶水“泉－池（窖）－库”优化调控、绿能高效开发利用模式：①在有砂泥岩夹层分布的凹部山岩溶洼地，采用防渗帷幕灌浆，建设悬挂式凹部山水库，积蓄地表水、表层岩溶水形成自流供水；②在湾半孔表层泉处建设蓄水池直接引流利用；③在湾半孔表层泉附近建设水泵站、光伏电站，平水期时通过光伏电站发电，由泵站自动控制抽取表层岩溶水补给凹部山水库，形成地表、地下水优化调控，联合调度调蓄利用25.3万m³·a⁻¹,解决了区内13 000余人的生活生产用水困难问题。
- 断陷盆地 /
- 岩溶区 /
- 表层岩溶水 /
- 开发利用模式 /
- 岩溶泉 /
- 云南泸西
Abstract: To solve the problem of water shortage in karst plateau mountainous area, this study on the model of development and utilization of surface karst water is conducted. The karst mountainous area in east border of Luxi basin isa typical cluster-peak depression region with an average altitude from 2,100-2,300 m. Depressions and sinkholes are developed there. Outcrops in this area are mailnly composed of limestone and dolomite in sections a, c, d and e of Gejiu formation (T₂g), and partially composed of T₂g b mudstone, calcareous mudstone, stacked siltstone with marlstone and limestone. The area is generally a monoclinal structure. Detailed hydrogeology research shows that there are 13 exposed epikarst springs with the flow of 0-67.53 L·s⁻¹ due to precipitation. The water leakage in this area is fast, and drought and water shortage are very severe. Thus, surface karst water becomes a very valuable natural resource. This article summarizes a green, high-efficient method of development and utilization of surface karst water as "spring-pool(cellar)-reservoir" optimal management model. In karst concave depression area with siltstone, the grouting with anti-seepage curtain was conducted at the grouting depth of 1.9-16.3 m. An earth dam was built at an anti-seepage foundation and a reservoir with a total storage of 140,000 m³ was constructed to reserve surface water and surface karst water to supply the downstream villages. Below the nozzles of epikarst springs with large flows in Wanbankong depression area, two 1,500-square-meterstorage ponds were built to connect the current water supply network for downstream villages. This model of development and utilization of surface karst water is called "spring-pond-cellar" linkage model with an exploitation quantity of around 73,000 m³·a⁻¹. The distance between Aobushan Reservoir and Wanbankong epikarst spring is around 4 km and the reservoir is around 100 m higher than the Wanbankong spring. The flow of the Wanbankong epikarst spring is quite big but very unstable and cannot be reserved. Most of the water in rain season (around 493,700 m³·a⁻¹ accounting for 81.4% of the annual volume) enters to the underground through sinkhole and cannot be utilized. To make the most of reservoir regulation function from surface karst water against rainfall, a pump station and a photovoltaic power plant have been bulit near the Wanbankong epikarst spring. In the rainy season-water stable period with large flows, electric power is generated from the photovoltaic power plant and the pump station will draw surface karst water (around 40,000 m³·a⁻¹) to the upstream Aobushan reservoir. Thus, the reservoir capacity increases from 140,000 m³ to 180,000 m³ under the condition that the reservoir cannot be expanded. In this case, the water supply capacity will increase in dry season. The surface water and underground water are regulated optimally and the total volume of surface spring water and surface water is up to 253,000 m³·a⁻¹. This model may solve the problem of over 13,000 people’s domestic and production water demand, as well as the water demand from seedling over 10,000 Mu in the dry season.
- fault basin /
- karst area /
- surface karst water /
- utilization model /
- karst spring /
- Luxi in Yunnan

HTML

图 1 湾半孔-凹部山水文地质图

1－碳酸盐岩溶含水层 2－碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩岩溶含水层 3－碎屑岩相对隔水层 4－泉，编号，流量（L · S⁻¹）/日期 5－季节泉，编号 6－典型落水洞 7－断层 8－地层界线及代号 9－水库 10－典型洼地

Figure 1. Hydrogeological map of Wanbankong-Aobushan

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 湾半孔127号表层泉2003-2005年动态历时曲线图

Figure 2. Dynamic diachronic curve of No.127 surface spring in Wanbankong from 2003 to 2005

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 表层岩溶水“泉－池（窖）－库”综合利用开发模式图

1－灰岩 2－砂泥岩 3－洼地落水洞 4－岩溶 5－表层泉 6－蓄水池 7－水窖 8－上行提水系统 9－下行供水系统 10－村庄 11－光伏电站 12－输电线路

Figure 3. Comprehensive utilization model of surface karst water, i.e., “spring-pond-cellar” model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 凹部山水库水文地质剖面图

1－灰岩 2－砂岩 3－泥岩 4－黏土 5－断层 6－泉水 7－落水洞 8－地层代号 9－地层产状 10－钻孔

Figure 4. Hydrogeological section map of Aobushan reservoir

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 凹部山水库坝址渗漏带防渗剖面图

Figure 5. Anti-seepage section of the seepage zone at the dam site of Aobushan reservoir

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 湾半孔－凹部山表层岩溶水综合利用示范工程

Figure 6. Demonstration project for comprehensive utilization of surface karst water in the Wanbankong-Aobushan area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 湾半孔表层岩溶泉流量动态特征表（2004年）

Table 1. Dynamic characteristics of discharge of discharge of surface karst springs in Wanbankong（2004）

编号	最小流量/L·s⁻¹	最大流量/L·s⁻¹	动态系数
箐门124	0	3.06	会断流
湾半孔125	0	30	断流但不干涸
湾半孔126	0	20	会断流
湾半孔127	0.4	24.86	62.2
湾半孔128	0	67.53	会断流
凹部山6	0.45	5.62	12.5
李子箐110	0.04	0.11	2.8
李子箐111	0	2	会断流
李子箐109	0.2	10	50

下载: 导出CSV

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