岩溶试片的岩性差异对估算岩溶速率和碳通量的影响

张小琴; 罗维均; 王彦伟; 蔡先立; 吕伊娜; 王世杰

doi:10.11932/karst20220314

岩溶试片的岩性差异对估算岩溶速率和碳通量的影响

doi: 10.11932/karst20220314

张小琴^{1, 2,},
罗维均^{1, 3, 4, ,},
王彦伟^{1, 3},
蔡先立^{1, 2, 3},
吕伊娜^{1, 3},
王世杰^{1, 3}

1.
中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵州贵阳 550081
2.
中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3.
中国科学院普定喀斯特生态系统观测研究站, 贵州普定 562100
4.
贵州省高校乡村振兴研究中心, 贵州安顺561000

基金项目: 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B类）（XDB400202001）；国家自然科学基金项目（41673121）；贵州省高层次创新型人才培养计划“十”层次人才项目（黔科合平台人才[2016]5648）；贵州省省级科技计划项目支助（黔科合基础-ZK[2022]- 564）

详细信息

作者简介:
张小琴(1997－ )，女，硕士研究生，主要从事喀斯特碳循环研究。E-mail: zhangxiaoqin@mail.gyig.ac.cn

通讯作者:
罗维均(1978－ )，男，博士，研究员，主要研究方向为喀斯特关键带物质循环。E-mail: luoweijun@vip.gyig.ac.cn

中图分类号: P642.25
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-25

Effects of rock tablet lithology difference on estimation of rock dissolution rate and carbon flux

ZHANG Xiaoqin^{1, 2
,},
LUO Weijun^{1, 3, 4
, ,},
WANG Yanwei^{1, 3},
CAI Xianli^{1, 2, 3},
LYU Yina^{1, 3},
WANG Shijie^{1, 3}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CAS, Puding, Guizhou 562100, China
4.
Rural Revitalization Research Center of Guizhou Universities, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, China

摘要

摘要: 研究岩性差异对溶蚀速率的影响有助于提高溶蚀试片法估算岩溶碳汇强度的精确度。本文以贵州省普定县为研究区，将埋放地的主要基岩类型（石灰岩与白云岩）制成标准尺寸的试片，并将其埋设于不同土地利用类型和土壤深度下，经过4个水文年的监测后将估算的结果与前人在同一区域使用标准溶蚀试片的研究结果进行对比分析，结果表明：（1）在相同气候和土壤环境条件下，岩性对溶蚀试片的溶蚀速率有显著影响，且溶蚀速率与岩石中CaO含量呈正相关关系，与MgO含量呈负相关关系；（2）石灰岩与白云岩试片溶蚀速率的差异程度受土地利用及埋放深度的调控，整体上石灰岩溶蚀速率比白云岩溶蚀速率大14%；（3）不同岩性试片估算的岩溶碳汇强度相差较大，标准溶蚀试片估算的结果比埋放地基岩试片估算的结果高。故使用溶蚀试片法估算区域岩溶碳通量时应考虑埋放地基岩的岩性，或者对基于标准溶蚀试片的估算结果进行校正，才能准确反映区域尺度真实的岩溶碳通量大小。
- 白云岩 /
- 石灰岩 /
- 岩溶试片法 /
- 溶蚀速率 /
- 岩溶碳通量
Abstract: Under the control of subtropical humid monsoon climate, karstification is very strong in the karst area of southern China. At the same time, a lot of researches indicate that the carbon sink formed by karstification in southern China may be an important part of the global missing carbon sink. At present, there are many research methods to estimate the intensity of karst carbon sink. The carbonate rock tablet test is one of the main traditional research methods to estimate the karst carbon flux. The main principle of this method is based on the chemical reaction of water-CO₂-carbonate rock. The specific operation is to bury the carbonate rock test piece with the same size under the soil, then take them out and weigh them after a certain time, use the dissolution amount of rock tablets to calculate the dissolution rate and karst carbon flux in study area. Finally, the regional karst carbon sink can be estimated according to"point by area". In the study of estimating karst carbon sink in China, previous scientists used pure limestone from Rongxian formation of Devonian System in Guilin. However, the geological background of different regions is quite different, and the composition and structure of bedrock are different, so that the estimation results of standard carbonate rock tablets (pure limestone) may be also different from the actual dissolution amount of local bedrock tablets, resulting in great uncertainty in the estimation of karst carbon sink in the region. Based on this, in this study, we chose Puding county, Guizhou Province as the study area. The main bedrock types (limestone and dolomite) of this place are made into standard size rock tablets, and buried them in the typical land use types (secondary forest, shrub, grassland, dry land and paddy field) in the study area. After monitoring for four hydrological years, the dissolution rate and karst carbon flux were calculated, then compared them with the previous research results using the standard carbonate rock tablet (pure limestone) in the same study area, and the following results are obtained; (1) Under the same climatic conditions and soil environmental conditions, lithology has a significant impact on the dissolution rate of carbonate rock tablets, and the dissolution rate has a positive correlation with CaO content in the rock tablets and a negative correlation with MgO content in the rock tablets; (2) The difference of dissolution rate between limestone and dolomite is controlled by land use types and soil depths. Without considering the influence of environmental factors, on the whole, the dissolution rate of limestone is 14% higher than that of dolomite; (3) The karst carbon sink intensity estimated by different lithology carbonate rock tablets varies greatly. The estimated result of standard limestone tablets is higher than that of local tablets in this study. Therefore, when using the carbonate rock tablet method to estimate the regional karst carbon flux, we should consider the lithology of the bedrock where the rock tablet is buried, or correct the estimation results based on the standard carbonate rock tablet, so as to accurately obtain the real karst carbon flux on the regional scale.
- dolomite /
- limestone /
- carbonate rock tablet test /
- dissolution rate /
- karst carbon flux

HTML

图 1 研究区及试片埋放位置图^[27]

Figure 1. Map of study area and buried sites of rock tablet

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图 2 天龙山不同土地利用类型土壤剖面

Figure 2. Soil profiles of different land use types in Tianlong mountain

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图 3 讲义村不同土地利用类型土壤剖面

Figure 3. Soil profiles of different land use types in Jiangyi

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图 4 石灰岩试片与白云岩试片溶蚀速率关系

Figure 4. Relationship between dissolution rates of limestone and dolomite rock tablets

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图 5 不同土地利用类型下石灰岩与白云岩试片溶蚀速率关系

Figure 5. Relationship between dissolution rate of limestone and dolomite rock tablets under different land use types

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图 6 不同土壤深度条件下石灰岩与白云岩试片溶蚀速率关系

Figure 6. Relationship between dissolution rate of limestone and dolomite rock tablets at different soil depths

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图 7 溶蚀速率与岩石试片化学成分含量的关系

Figure 7. Relation between dissolution rate and chemical composition content of rock tablets

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表 1 不同土地利用类型埋放点概况

Table 1. Overview of buried sites of different land use types

地点	土地利用类型	土壤剖面基本情况	位置及其他
天龙山	次生林	A层为25 cm黑色石灰土，碎石比30%，B层为黄土未见底	半山腰处
	灌丛	碎石比4%，草根发达， A层为18 cm黑色石灰土，B层为黄色土壤，不见底	山脚处，土壤疏松度低
	水田	A层38 cm黑色石灰土，B层为黄色土，未见底	洼地，南部为峰丛，水稻交替种植，夏季长时间处于淹水状态
	旱地	A层为40 cm为黑色石灰土，B层为黄色土未见底	洼地，四周为峰丛，种植玉米及蔬菜，人为干扰较多
讲义村	次生林	A层35 cm，为黑色石灰土，根系发达，B层未见底	山腰处，植被丰富，枯枝落叶多
	灌丛	碎石比20%； A层21 cm，黑色石灰土，B层黄色土壤，未见底	山脚处，土壤疏松度低
	草地	碎石比50%，A层20~30 cm黑色石灰土，根系发达，B层厚度10~15 cm，以下为基岩	山坡草地上，土壤疏松度低
	旱地	A层5~20 cm，为黑色石灰土；B层为黄色土壤，未见底	山下洼地处，种植玉米及蔬菜，人为干扰较多
	水田	A层43 cm，为黑色石灰土，以下为黄色土壤	山下洼地处，油菜地、水稻交替种植，夏季长时间处于淹水状态

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表 2 不同土地利用下不同深度的试片日均溶蚀速率

Table 2. Daily average dissolution rate of rock tablets at different soil depths under different land uses

地点	试片岩性	埋放深度/cm	次生林	灌丛	草地	旱地	水田
天龙山	石灰岩日均溶蚀速率 mg·m⁻²·d⁻¹	地下5	119.94	138.69	−	106.84	186.99
		地下20	18.91	−	−	171.64	159.80
		地下50	8.73	−	−	131.32	69.75
		平均值	49.19	−	−	136.60	138.85
	白云岩日均溶蚀速率 mg·m⁻²·d⁻¹	地下5	55.09	101.91	−	79.12	144.75
		地下20	17.05	56.46	−	143.21	125.42
		地下50	3.95	42.12	−	110.05	37.92
		平均值	25.36	66.83	−	110.79	102.70
讲义村	石灰岩日均溶蚀速率 mg·m⁻²·d⁻¹	地下5	35.25	28.44	69.28	63.08	110.13
		地下20	35.93	21.79	46.11	114.19	121.32
		地下50	44.04	20.31	30.63	85.90	136.47
		平均值	38.41	23.51	48.68	87.72	122.64
	白云岩日均溶蚀速率 mg·m⁻²·d⁻¹	地下5	15.80	12.65	37.09	43.54	78.91
		地下20	14.63	11.37	18.42	67.71	87.43
		地下50	19.65	6.95	7.83	56.15	110.54
		平均值	16.69	10.33	21.11	55.80	92.29
注：溶蚀速率为4年内试片日均溶蚀速率的平均值；−为试片缺失。

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表 3 不同岩石试片主要化学成分

Table 3. Main chemical components of different rock tablets

岩性	组分/%
岩性	SiO₂	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	CO₂
石灰岩	6.56	47.10	2.26	0.457	0.034	41.58
白云岩	1.26	30.14	21.40	<0.01	0.023	46.41
标准溶蚀试片^[31]	−	55.61	0.16	−	−	－

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表 4 不同土地利用类型地下平均岩溶碳汇强度

Table 4. Average karst carbon sink intensity under different land use types

地点	项目	次生林	灌丛	草地	旱地	水田
天龙山	试片溶蚀速率/mg·m⁻²·d⁻¹	49.19	−	−	136.60	138.85
天龙山	岩溶碳汇强度/tCO²·km⁻²·a⁻¹	7.47	−	−	20.73	21.07
讲义村	试片溶蚀速率/mg·m⁻²·d⁻¹	16.69	10.33	21.11	55.80	92.29
讲义村	岩溶碳汇强度/tCO²·km⁻²·a⁻¹	2.84	1.75	3.40	9.48	15.68

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表 5 地下50 cm处不同岩性试片估算的岩溶碳汇强度

Table 5. Karst carbon sink intensity at 50 cm underground estimated by different lithology rock tablets

岩性	不同土地利用类型岩溶碳汇强度/ tCO₂·km⁻²·a⁻¹
岩性	次生林	灌丛	旱地	水田
石灰岩	1.33	−	19.93	10.59
白云岩	0.68	7.15	18.69	6.44
标准溶蚀试片	−	2.60	22.49	13.02

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