Philosophical cognition and prospect of karst research in China
-
摘要: 喀斯特和岩溶科学术语源于欧洲和中国对同一客观实体(碳酸盐岩地形)的认知历史和差异性定位。中国岩溶研究从聚焦岩溶系统溶蚀动力的解构性工程属性和资源利用研究转向全面融合岩溶动力、岩溶生物地球化学、岩溶生态系统生产力的岩溶系统建构属性研究。在服务社会经济发展需要中,中国岩溶研究发现和深化了岩溶系统“解构”和“建构”的矛盾运动机制,而人类活动影响着这对矛盾运动的时空尺度和效应,并将其转化为包括岩溶石漠化治理的区域资源环境管理和可持续发展的理论和技术。深度研究控制小流域岩溶生态系统解构的侵蚀基准面自然演化与人为影响的规律和制约岩溶生态系统建构的植被演替(生物群落生产力提高)间的矛盾对立运动规律,将有助于岩溶山水田林湖草生态共同体建设,服务可持续发展和应对全球变化。Abstract: The scientific term of Karst in Europe and Yanrong in China is originated from the cognitive history and different orientation of the same objective entity (carbonate topography). The progress of Yanrong research in China has shifted from focusing on the deconstructive engineering properties and resource utilization by karst dissolution dynamics to the systematic construction of karst dynamics, karst biogeochemistry and karst ecosystem productivity. In the process of serving the needs of social and economic development, Chinese karst studies have discovered and improved the contradictory movement mechanism of "deconstruction" and "construction" of karst system and its space-time scale and effect changed by human activities, which have been transformed into the theory and technology serving for regional resource environmental management and sustainable development, including controlling karst rocky desertification. In-depth research on the movement law of opposition and unity between erosion base level evolution that controls the deconstruction of karst ecosystem in small watershed and vegetation succession that improves the construction of karst ecosystem will contribute to the construction of ecological community of karst mountain, water, fields, forests, lakes and grass and serve for sustainable development and coping with global change.
-
表 1 岩溶系统演变的动力、过程和效应
结构动态 项目 特征与参数 动力 CaCO3+H2O+CO2=Ca2++2[HCO3]−1
CaCO3+CO2+H2O➪Ca2++2HCO3−1➩(+光合生物)CaCO3(沉淀)+ x(CO2(溢出)+H2O)+(1-x)(CH2O(沉积)+O2)
岩溶过程吸纳大气CO2(碳汇)和消耗碳酸盐岩,产生岩溶地貌、溶蚀空洞,形成自源性物质流失通道;岩溶生物群落演替和生物地球化学过程,丰富岩溶景观要素,弥补岩溶系统的资源性物质流失。解构 碳汇、溶蚀率、
空隙率全球岩溶年碳汇(1.10~6.08)×108 t·a−1,占遗漏碳汇5.5%~30.4%[104];岩溶原生林土下溶蚀碳汇是次生林3倍,灌丛9倍[108]
无机碳泵汇:68.82~100.1 t·km−2·a−1,生物碳泵汇:76.74 t·km−2·a−1[109] ;
溶蚀率:0.02~6.42 mg·km−2·a−1[104],年增空隙率0.072~0.099 8 ‰·a−1.溶蚀率与
溶蚀孔隙年溶蚀率t·km−2·a−1:0.51~32.97(广西弄拉);7~40(重庆金佛山)[114];地表27.2~31.7,地下30.1~72.8(泰国普特)[104];
年增溶蚀孔隙率‰·a−1:0.023~1.522(广西弄拉),0.032 3~1.847(重庆金佛山);地表0.0107~0.0146,地下0.139~4.670(泰国普特)水土流失与溶蚀率影响因素 0.4~36.64 t·km−2·a−1[110](贵州峰林),53.11~2 350.4 t·km−2·a−1,其中,地下漏失占75.72%~96.24%(广西峰林)[111];0.78~2.85 t· km−2·a−1,5.87 t·km−2·a−1(广西木伦)[112];当流量增加1倍,溶蚀量增加2倍[104];当非碳酸盐岩面积增加,溶蚀量可增加20%~60%;当外源水面积占50%,溶蚀量增加50%[3];当裸露岩石面积达70%时,降雨聚集倍增径流量侵蚀和下渗[113]; 建构 岩溶成土与植被枯落物 1.66~6.64 t·a−1[115];比非碳酸盐岩类岩石成土速率慢20 多倍[18];在贵州高原, 形成1 cm 厚的土壤需要溶剥蚀掉原岩≧25 cm岩溶森林植被年产调落物 (×102 t. km−2.a−1 )。亚热带高原季风原生林 7.13,次生林1.98,次生云南松林2.49,干香柏林4.07[116];热带雨林5.12,热带季雨林7.78,亚热带常绿落叶混交林3.57,亚热带次生林2.19,灌丛6.7 [117]; 岩溶表层带水源涵养能力 枯枝落叶垫积层的上层岩溶裂隙孔隙水(枯落物湿地)和下层岩溶水双层结构[118],昆明层控型岩溶地下水形成年龄50年,安宁断裂带岩溶水年龄16.2年[63],表层岩溶带调蓄能力与植被和土壤厚度有很好协同关系,土层厚度小于30 cm不具调蓄能力,森林覆盖率高调蓄能力越强,石漠化区不具调蓄能力[63]。地下井水位衰减滞后降雨峰值周期(天)近原生林13.21、灌木林14.08、灌草丛3.46,裸岩地2.71;水文年内的水层厚度增量(mm)原生林276.7>灌木林254.1>灌草丛85.6>裸岩溶丘64.8 mm① 岩溶森林物种结构和生物量 亚热带岩溶高原原生林乔木物种落叶物种占50%[119];中亚热带岩溶原生林(茂兰)落叶物种数占45.85%~38.7%[120],岩溶森林生物量1.24×104 t·km−2小于非岩溶森林1.63×104 t·km−2,岩溶森林生产力(8.67×102 t·km−2·a−1)小于非岩溶森林(9.56×102 t·km−2·a−1)[121] -
[1] 马克思, 恩格斯著. 马克思恩格斯选集 · 第1卷[M]. 中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编. 北京: 人民出版社, 1972, 16-19. [2] 袁道先, 蒋勇军, 沈立成, 蒲俊兵, 肖琼. 现代岩溶学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2016.YUAN Daoxian, JIANG Yongjun, SHEN Licheng, PU Junbing. Modern karstology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2016. [3] Ford D, Williams P D. Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology[M]. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2007. [4] Gams I. The origin of the term karst in the time of transition of karst (kras) from deforestation to forestation[A]. In: Sauro U, Martitello V G, Frigo G. Proceeding of the international conference environmental changes in Karst areas[C]. Italy: University of Padova, 1991, 1-8. [5] Kranjc A. The origin and evolution of the term “karst”[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2011, 30(2):157-162. [6] Davis W M. The geographical cycle[J]. The Geographical Journal, 1899, 14(5):481-504. doi: 10.2307/1774538 [7] LaMOREAUX P E. History of karst hydrogeological studies[A]. In: Sauro U, Martitello V G, Frigo G. Proceeding of the international conference environmental changes in Karst areas[C]. Italy: University of Padova, 1991, 215-229. [8] 马希融. 云南石林地形学之初步观察[J]. 理科论丛, 1936, 1(1):5-25. [9] 郭方明. 中国石林[M]. 北京: 中央民族学院出版社, 1992. [10] 徐霞客著, 朱慧荣校注. 徐霞客游记校注(上、下)[M]. 昆明: 云南人民出版社, 1985. [11] 谷德振. 中国喀斯特研究现状[J]. 科学通报, 1961(11):1-11. [12] 杰显义. “岩溶”一词的由来[J]. 中国岩溶, 2013, 32(2):238.JIE Xianyi. The origin of the word "Karst"[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2013, 32(2):238. [13] 中国地质科学研究院水文地质研究所. 中国岩溶(画册)[M]. 上海: 上海人民出版社, 1976. [14] 中国科学院地质研究所. 中国岩溶研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1979. [15] 国家地质总局水文地质工程地质研究所. 中华人民共和国水文地质图集[M]. 北京: 地图出版社, 1979. [16] 任美锷, 刘振中, 王飞燕, 等. 岩溶学概论[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 1983. [17] 卢耀如. 中国岩溶: 景观·类型·规律[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1986. [18] 袁道先, 蔡桂鸿. 岩溶环境学[M]. 重庆: 重庆出版社, 1988.YUAN Daoxian, CAI Guihong. Karst environment[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House, 1988: 1-332. [19] 袁道先. 岩溶学词典[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1988. [20] 朱学稳. 桂林岩溶(画册)[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1988. [21] 袁道先. 中国岩溶学[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1993. [22] 卢耀如. 中国南方(岩溶为主)地区地质—生态环境图系[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1993. [23] 卢耀如. 官厅水库矽质石灰岩内喀斯特发育的规律性及其工程地质特征[A]// 中华人民共和国地质部水文地质工程地质研究所. 水文地质工程地质论文集(1) [C]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1958, 132-153. [24] 卢耀如. 对三峡南津关坝区水文地质工程地质条件的初步认识[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 1959(5):21-25,44-45.LU Yaoru. Preliminary understanding of hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions of nanjinguan dam area in the Three Gorges Region[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 1959(5):21-25,44-45. [25] 卢耀如. 岩溶地区主要水利工程地质问题与水库类型及其防渗处理途径[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 1982(4):15-22. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.1982.04.004LU Yaoru. Main hydraulic engineering geological problems and reservoir types in karst areas and their anti-seepage treatment approaches[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 1982(4):15-22. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.1982.04.004 [26] 卢耀如. 关于岩溶(喀斯特)地区水资源类型及其综合开发治理的探讨[J]. 中国岩溶, 1985(Z1):7-19.LU Yaoru. Discussion on the types of water resources in karst areas and their comprehensive development and management[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 1985(Z1):7-19. [27] 袁道先.百度百科-袁道先.https://baike.so.com/doc/9095413-9427430.html[2022-01-10]. [28] 张宗祜, 李烈荣. 中国地下水资源(系列图书)[M]. 北京: 中国地图出版社, 2004-2005. [29] 卢耀如. 岩溶水文地质环境演化与工程效应研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999. [30] 广西壮族自治区水文工程地质队. 岩溶地区供水水文地质工作方法[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1979. [31] 国家地质总局书刊编辑室. 国家地质总局岩溶地区区域水文地质普查规程 · 试行[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1976. [32] 康彦仁, 张邦仞. 云南蒙自五里冲水库岩溶及其工程处理[J]. 中国岩溶, 2002, 21(2): 50-60.KANG Yanren‚ZHANG Bangren. Karst and engineering handling to the karst in wulichong reservoir Yunnan Province[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2002, 21(2): 50-60. [33] 中国矿床编委会. 中国矿床(上)[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1989. [34] 中国矿床编委会. 中国矿床(中)[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1994. [35] 中国矿床编委会. 中国矿床(下)[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1994. [36] 李阳, 康志江, 薛兆杰, 张允. 碳酸盐岩深层油气开发技术助推我国石油工业快速发展[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2021, 40(3): 33-42.LI Yang, KANG Zhijiang, XUE Zhaojie, ZHANG Yun. Deep Carbonate Oil and Gas Development Technology Fuels China’s Petroleum Industrial Development[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2021, 40(3): 33-42. [37] 覃政教, 林玉石, 袁道先, 潘勇邦, 王明章. 西南岩溶区矿山与水污染问题探讨及建议[J]. 地球学报, 2012, 33(3): 341-348.QIN Zhengjiao, LIN Yushi, YUAN Daoxian, PAN Yongbang, WANG Mingzhang. A Discussion on Mine and Water Pollution Problems in Karst Areas in Southwest China[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2012, 33(3): 341-348. [38] 胡宽瑢. 试论岩溶矿床隔水顶底板突水机理的几个问题[J]. 地质论评, 1983(5):460-461. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1983.05.042HU Kuanrong. On the mechanism of water inrush from water resisting roof and floor in karst deposits[J]. Geological Review, 1983(5):460-461. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1983.05.042 [39] 孙鸿銮. 煤矿床裂隙喀斯特水突水通道特征[J]. 煤炭学报, 1965(4):51-57. doi: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.1965.04.006SUN Hungluan. Characteristics of Creveice-karst Water Inrus Conduits in acoal Deposit[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 1965(4):51-57. doi: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.1965.04.006 [40] 叶东生, 屈永利, 杜飞虎. 煤矿底板岩溶水水害防治的理论与实践[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2010.YE Dongsheng, QU Yongli, DU Feihu. Theory and practice of prevention and control of karst water disaster in coal mine floor [J]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2010. [41] 康彦仁, 项式均, 陈健. 中国南方岩溶塌陷[M]. 南宁: 广西科学技术出版社, 1990. [42] 蒙彦, 雷明堂. 岩溶塌陷研究现状及趋势分析[J]. 中国岩溶, 2019, 38(3): 411-417.MENG Yan, LEI Mingtang. Analysis of situation and trends of sinkhole collapse[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2019, 38(3): 411-417. [43] Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/449[2022-01-10]. [44] 任美锷, 刘泽纯, 金瑾乐,邓锡秧,王飞燕,彭补拙,王雪瑜,王宗汉. 北京周口店洞穴发育及其与古人类生活的关系[J]. 中国科学, 1981(3):330-336,385.REN Meie, LIU Zechun, JIN Jinle, DENG Xiyang, WANG Feiya,DENG Buzhuo, WANG Xueyu,WANG Zonghan. The development of Zhoukoudian cave in Beijing and its relationship with ancient human life[J]. Chinese Science, 1981(3):330-336,385. [45] Le Grand H E. Hydrological and ecological problems of karst regions: hydrological actions on limestone regions cause distinctive ecological problems[J]. Science, 1973, 179(4076):859-864. doi: 10.1126/science.179.4076.859 [46] Gams I. Foreword[C]. In: Karst and Man, Proceedings of International symposium on Human influence in Karst. edited by Gams I, Postojna Yugoslavia, Lujubljana, 1987: 5-6. [47] 贵州岩溶地区农村经济开发研究课题组. 贵州岩溶地区农村经济开发研究[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 1992. [48] 袁道先, 谢云鹤. 岩溶与人类生存、环境、资源和灾害[M]. 桂林: 广西师范大学出版社, 1996. [49] 云南省岩溶地区治理开发协会. 岩溶地域发展战略研究[M]. 昆明: 云南科学技术出版社, 1997. [50] 侯学煜. 中国主要植被类型的化学特征和各植被区植被化学地理[A].// 植被生态学研究编辑委员会编. 植被生态学研究: 纪念著名生态学家侯学煜教授[C]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994, 409- 451. [51] 柴宗新. 试论广西岩溶区的土壤侵蚀[J]. 山地研究, 1989, 7(4):255-260.CHAI Zhongxin. Soil erosion in karst area of Guangxi Autonomous Region[J]. Mountain research, 1989, 7(4):255-260. [52] 陈晓平. 喀斯特山区环境土壤侵蚀特性的分析研究[J]. 土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报, 1997, 3 (4) : 31-36.CHEN Xiaoping. Research on Characteristics of Soil Erosion in Karst Mountainous Region Environment. Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation, 1997, 3 (4) : 31-36. [53] 杨汉奎. 喀斯特荒漠化是一种地质生态灾难[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1995, 15 (3) : 137-147.YANG Hankui. Karst desertification and assessment of its disasters. Marine geology and quaternary gelogy, 1995, 15 (3) : 137-147. [54] Yuan Daoxian. On the karst ecosystem[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2010, 75(3):336-338. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2001.tb00541.x [55] Yuan Daoxian. Rock desertification in the subtropical karst of south China[J]. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 1997, 108:81-90. [56] 王世杰. 喀斯特石漠化概念演绎及其科学内涵的探讨[J]. 中国岩溶, 2002, 21(2):101-105.WANG Shijie. Concept deduction and its connotation of karst rock desertification[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2002, 21(2):101-105. [57] 水利部. 中国水土流失防治与生态安全 · 西南岩溶区卷[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010. [58] Jiang Z C, Lian Y Q, Qin X Q. Rocky desertification in Southwest China: impacts, causes, and restoration[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2014, 132:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.01.005 [59] 蒋忠诚, 李先琨, 曾馥平, 等. 岩溶峰丛洼地生态重建[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2007. [60] 罗盛锋, 黄燕玲, 章昌平. 滇桂黔石漠化集中连片特困区旅游扶贫模式研究[M]. 北京: 企业管理出版社, 2020. [61] 崔红志, 刘亚辉, 黄乃鑫. 精准扶贫精准脱贫百村调研 · 政策协同助力石漠化乡村脱贫 · 初化村卷[M]. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2018. [62] 游俊, 冷志明, 丁建军. 中国连片特困区发展报告(2018-2019): 产业扶贫的生计响应、益贫机制与可持续脱贫[M]. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2019. [63] 袁丙华. 中国西南岩溶石山地区地下水资源及生态环境地质研究[M]. 成都: 电子科技大学出版社, 2007. [64] 王宇. 岩溶找水与开发技术研究[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2007. [65] 李强, 李忠义, 靳振江, 罗堃, 唐志琴, 黄静云, 陆文体. 基于典范对应分析的铅锌矿尾砂坝坍塌污染土壤特征研究[J]. 地质论评, 2014, 60(2): 443-448.LI Qiang, LI Zhongyi, JIN Zhenjiang, LUO Kun, TANG Zhiqin, HUANG Jingyun,LU Wenti. Relationships between Soil and Environment in Pollution of Agricultural Soils from a Tailing Spill at a Pb-Zn Mine Based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Geological Review, 2014, 60(2): 443-448. [66] 李泽群, 李学先, 段明宇,覃应机,雷琨,张翅鹏,韩志伟,吴攀,何守阳. 喀斯特山区砷渣堆场污染迁移风险与区划[J/OL]. 环境科学学报. DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2021.0295. [2021-12-17].LI Zequn, LI Xuexian, DUAN Mingyu, QIN Yingji, LEI Kun, ZHANG Chipeng, HAN Zhiwei, WU Pan, HE Shouyang. Migration of pollution risk and zoning of arsenic slag site in Karst Mountainous Regions[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2022, 42(3): 457-467. [67] 王波, 王宇, 张贵, 张华, 代旭升, 康晓波. 滇东南泸江流域岩溶地下水质量及污染影响因素研究[J]. 地球学报, 2021, 42(3): 352-362WANG Bo, WANG Yu, ZHANG Gui, ZHANG Hua,DAI Xusheng,KANG Xiaobo. A Study of Quality and Pollution Factors of Karst Groundwater in Lujiang River Basin in Southeast Yunnan[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2021, 42(3): 352-362. [68] 高旭波, 王万洲, 侯保俊,高列波,张建友,张松涛,李成城,姜春芳. 中国北方岩溶地下水污染分析[J]. 中国岩溶. 2020, 39(3): 287-298.GAO Xubo, WANG Wanzhou, HOU Baojun, GAO Liebo, ZHANG Jianyou, LI Chengcheng, JIANG Chunfang. Analysis of karst groundwater pollution in northern China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2020, 39(3): 287-298. [69] 郭永丽, 肖琼, 章程, 吴庆. 石油类污染的岩溶地下水环境特征: 以淄博市大武水源地为例[J/OL]. 地学前缘. DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.23[2022-01-06].GUO Yongli, XIAO Qiong, ZHANG Cheng,WU Qing. Characteristics of karst groundwater environment polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons: a case study of Dawu groundwater source in Zibo city, North China[J/OL]. Earth Science Frontiers, DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.23[2022-01-06]. [70] 刘长礼, 王秀艳, 吕敦玉, 赵悦文. 中国南方岩溶地下水面源污染风险评价及防控对策[J]. 地球学报, 2017, 38(6): 910-918.LIU Changli, WANG Xiuyan, LÜ Dunyu,ZHAO Yuewen. Risk Assessment and Control Countermeasures of Southern China’s Karst Groundwater Areal Source Pollution. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2017, 38(6): 910-918. [71] 刘再华. 岩石风化碳汇研究的最新进展和展望[J]. 科学通报, 2012, 57(Z1): 95-102.LIU Zaihua. New progress and prospects in the study of rock-weathering-related carbon sinks[J]. China Scientific Bulletin, 2012, 57(Z1): 95-102. [72] 王世杰, 季宏兵, 欧阳自远, 周德全,郑乐平,黎廷宇. 碳酸盐岩风化成土作用的初步研究[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 1999, 29(5): 441-449. [73] 刘丛强. 生物地球化学过程与地表物质循环: 西南喀斯特流域侵蚀与生源要素循环[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007. [74] 刘丛强. 生物地球化学过程与地表物质循环: 西南喀斯特土壤—植被系统生源要循环[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009. [75] 袁道先. 西南岩溶石山地区重大环境地质问题及对策研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,2014. [76] 王世杰, 彭韬, 刘再华, 倪健, 陈喜, 张信宝, 刘长成. 加强喀斯特关键带长期观测研究, 支撑西南石漠化区生态恢复与民生改善[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2020, 35(7): 925-933.WANG Shijie, PENG Tao LIU Zaihua,YI Jian,CHEN Xi,ZHANG Xinbao,LIU Changcheng. Strengthen Karst Surface Systematic Processes Research, Support Ecological Restoration and Social Improvement in Karst Rocky Desertification Areas in Southwest China[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sicences, 2020, 35(7): 925-933. [77] 任美锷, 刘振中, 王飞燕, 俞锦标, 潘瑞洪. 中国岩溶发育规律的若干问题[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学版) , 1979, (4): 95-104.REN Meie, LIU Zhenzhong, WANG Feiyan, YU Jinbiao. Karst of China and its principle of its development[J]. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Science), 1979, (4): 95-104. [78] 卢耀如. 略论岩溶(喀斯特)及其研究方向[J]. 自然辩证法通讯, 1982, 4(1):5-7. [79] 袁道先. “岩溶作用与碳循环”研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 1999, (5): 425-432.YUAN Daoxian. Progress in the study on karst processes and carbon cycle[J]. Advance in earth sciences, 1999, (5): 425-432. [80] 袁道先. 以地球系统科学理论推动水文地质学发展:21世纪水文地质学发展战略与优先资助领域研讨会[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2003(1):1,44. [81] 袁道先. 现代岩溶学在中国的发展[J]. 地质论评, 2006 (6): 733-736.YUAN Dao xian. The Development of Modern Karstology in China[J]. Geological review, 2006 (6): 733-736. [82] 袁道先. 新形势下中国岩溶研究面临的机遇和挑战[J]. 中国岩溶, 2009, 28(4): 329-331YUAN Daoxian. Challenges and opportunities for karst research of our country under the new situation[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2009, 28(4): 329-331. [83] 袁道先. 岩溶动力学理论的发展与国际岩溶研究中心的成立[J]. 中国岩溶. 2009, 28(2): 99-100.YUAN Daoxian. Developing on the Karst Dynamics Theory and the foundation of the International Research Center on Karst under the Auspice of UNESCO[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2009, 28(2): 99-100. [84] 袁道先. 地质作用与碳循环研究的回顾和展望[J]. 科学通报, 2011, 56(26):2157. [85] 张宗祜, 袁道先. 我国跨世纪的重大地学问题:环境地学发展前景[J]. 电子科技大学学报,1995, 5(5): 60-69. [86] 尤联元, 杨景春. 中国地貌[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013. [87] World Heritage List/China/[OL].https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/&order=country#alphaC [2022-01-10] [88] Global geopark networks/Geopark map/China(41)[OL]. http://www.globalgeopark.org/GeoparkMap/index.htm[2022-1-20] [89] 李彬, 袁道先, 林玉石, 覃嘉铭,张美良. 桂林地区降水、洞穴滴水及现代洞穴碳酸盐氧碳同位素研究及其环境意义[J]. 中国科学(D辑:地球科学), 2000, 30(1):81-87. [90] Yuan D X, Cheng H, Edwards R L, et al. Timing, duration, and transitions of the Last Interglacial Asian Monsoon[J]. Science, 2004, 304(5670):575-578. doi: 10.1126/science.1091220 [91] 世界生物圈保护区(中国)/成员资料[OL]. http://www.mab.cas.cn/zgsjswqbhq/cyzl/index_1.html[2022-1-21] [92] 中国49块国际重要湿地名录[OL]. https://www.sohu.com/a/220573831_705594[2022-01-20] [93] 周正贤. 茂兰喀斯特森林科学考察集[M]. 贵阳: 贵州人民出版社, 1987: 210-223. [94] 王洪, 朱华, 李保贵. 西双版纳石灰岩山森林植被[J]. 广西植物, 1997, 17(2): 101-11.WANG Hong ,ZHU hua ,LI Baogui. Vegetation on Limestone in Xishuanbanna Southwest China[J]. Guihaia, 1997, 17(2): 101-11. [95] 朱华, 王洪, 李保贵, 周仕顺, 张建侯 . 西双版纳森林植被研究[J]. 植物科学学报, 2015, 33(5): 641-726.ZHU Hua, WANG Hong, LI Bogui,ZHOU Shishun,ZHANG Jianhou. Studies on the forest vegetation of Xishuangbanna[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2015, 33(5): 641-726. [96] 俞筱押, 李玉辉. 滇石林喀斯特植物群落不同演替阶段的溶痕生境中木本植物的更新特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(8): 889–897.YU Xiaoya, LI Yuhui. Characteristics of woody plant regeneration in karren-habitats successional plant communities in Yunnan Shilin karst area of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(8): 889–897. [97] 喻理飞, 朱守谦, 叶镜中, 魏鲁明,陈正仁. 退化喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中群落动态研究[J]. 林业科学, 2002, 38(1): 1–7.YU Lifei, ZHU Shouqian, YE Jingzhong,WEI Luming,CHEN Zhengren. Dynamics of a degraded karst forest in the process of natural restoration[J]. Scientia silvae sinicae, 2002, 38(1): 1–7. [98] 熊康宁, 朱大运, 彭韬, 喻理飞,薛建辉,李坡. 喀斯特高原石漠化综合治理生态产业技术与示范研究[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(22): 7109-7113.XIONG Kangning, ZHU Dayun, PENG Tao, YU Lifei. Study on Ecological industry technology and demonstration for Karst rocky desertification control of the Karst Plateau-Gorge[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(22): 7109-7113. [99] 但新球, 屠志方, 李梦先, 等. 中国石漠化[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2014 [100] 王克林, 岳跃民, 陈洪松, 吴协保,肖峻,祁向坤,张伟,杜虎. 喀斯特石漠化综合治理及其区域恢复效应[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(20):7432-7440.WANG Kelin,YUE Yuemin,CHEN Hongsong,WU Xiebao,XIAO Jun,QI Xiangkun,ZHANG Wei,DU Hu. The comprehensive treatment of karst rocky desertification and its regional restoration effects[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(20):7432-7440. [101] 吴照柏. 中国喀斯特石漠化[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2020 [102] 吴宁. 云南石漠化[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2020. [103] 熊康宁、肖杰、朱大运. 混农林生态系统服务研究进展及对喀斯特地区产业振兴的启示[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(3): 1-12.XIONG Kangning, XIAO Jie, ZHU Dayun. Research progress of agroforestry ecosystem services and its implications for industrial revitalization in karst regions[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(3): 1-12. [104] 章程, 汪进良, 肖琼, 等. 岩溶碳循环与流域地球化学过程[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2021. [105] 广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站[OL]. 2021-10-28. http://www.karst.cgs.gov.cn/gzdt_4210/xwdt/202110/t20211028_682974.html[2022-01-28] [106] 滇东南热带山地森林野外科学观测研究站[OL]. 2021-10-26, http://www.kib.cas.cn/xwzx/zhxw/202110/t20211026_6229278.html[2022-01-28]. [107] 联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心/国合中心研究进展IGCP系列[OL]. http://www.karst.cgs.gov.cn/ldjz/yrds/[2022-1-10]. [108] Zhang C, Wang J L, Pu J B, Yan J. Bicarbonate daily variations in a karst river: the carbon sink effect of subaquatic vegetation photosynthesis[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2012, 86(4):973-979. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2012.00721.x [109] 裴建国, 章程, 张强, 朱琴. 典型岩溶水系统碳汇通量估算[J]. 岩矿测试, 2012, 31(31): 884-889.PEI Jianguo, ZHANG Cheng, ZHANG Qiang,ZHU Qin. Flux Estimation of Carbon Sink in Typical Karst Water Systems[J]. Rock and mineral analysis, 2012, 31(31): 884-889. [110] Peng T, Wang S J. Effects of land use, land cover and rainfall regimes on the surface runoff and soil loss on karst slopes in southwest China[J]. Catena, 2012, 90:53-62. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2011.11.001 [111] 罗为群, 张辉旭, 蒋忠诚, 金克谟,李衍青,王志广. 岩溶峰丛洼地不同环境水土流失差异及防治研究:以广西果化岩溶生态研究基地为例[J]. 地球学报, 2014, 35(4): 473-480.LUO Weiqun, ZHANG Huixu, JIANG Zhongcheng, JIN Kemo,LI Yanqing,WANG Zhiguang. The Difference in Soil Erosion in Different Environments of Karst Peak-cluster Depression and the Study of Soil Erosion Prevention: A Case Study of Guohua Karst Ecological Experimental Site, Guangxi[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2014, 35(4): 473-480. [112] 黄承标, 谭卫宁, 覃文更, 韦国富, 吴敏, 韦月鸾. 木论喀斯特森林水土流失规律研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2012, 19(4): 34-37.HUANG Chengbiao, TAN Weining, QIN Wengeng, WEI Guofu,WU Min,Wei Yueluan. Study on soil and water loss in karst forest in Mullun[J]. Research of soil and water conservation, 2012, 19(4): 34-37. [113] Wang D J, Shen Y X, Huang Y H. Rock outcrops redistribute water to nearby soil patches in karst landscapes[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016, 23(9):8610-8616. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6091-9 [114] Zhang Cheng. Carbonate rock dissolution rates in different landuses and their carbon sink effect[J]. Chinese Scientific Bulletin, 2011, 56(35):3759-3765. doi: 10.1007/s11434-011-4404-4 [115] 李玉辉. 喀斯特的内涵的发展及喀斯特生态环境保护[J]. 中国岩溶, 2000, 19 (3): 260- 267.Li Yuhui. The evol ution of im pl ication of karst and its env ironm ental protection[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2000, 19 (3): 260- 267. [116] 吴毅, 刘文耀, 沈有信, 崔建武,李玉辉,刘伦辉. 滇石林地质公园喀斯特山地天然林和人工林凋落物与死地被物的动态特征[J]. 山地学报, 2007, 25(3): 317-325.WU Yi, LIU Wenyao, SHEN Youxin, CUI Jianwu,LI Yuhui,LIU Lunhui. Dynamics of litterfall and l itter on forest floor of natural forest and plantations in stone forestworld geological park[J]. Journal of Moutain Science, 2007, 25(3): 317-325. [117] 杨民英. 基于界面结构的岩溶生态系统枯落物研究[D]. 昆明: 云南师范大学, 2017.YANG Minji.Study on litter of karst ecosystem based on interface structure[D].Kunming:Yunnan Normal University,2017. [118] 李兴中, 李双岱. 茂兰喀斯特森林区水文地质特征[A]// 周正贤. 茂兰喀斯特森林科学考察集[M]. 贵阳: 贵州人民出版社, 1987: 74-98. [119] 沈有信, 刘文耀, 李玉辉, 崔建武. 滇中喀斯特山地半湿润常绿阔叶林的群落生态学研究[J]. 广西植物, 2005, 25(4): 321-326SHENG Youxin, LIU Wenyao, LI Yuhui, CUI Jianwu. Community ecology study on Karst semihumid broad-leaved forest at the central part of Yunnan[J]. Guihaia, 25(4): 321-326 [120] 朱守谦, 杨世逸. 茂兰喀斯特森林初析[A]. In: 周正贤. 茂兰喀斯特森林科学考察集[M]. 贵阳: 贵州人民出版社, 1987: 210-223. [121] 于维莲, 董丹, 倪健. 中国西南山地喀斯特与非喀斯特森林的生物量与生产力比较[J]. 亚热带资源与环境学报, 2010, 5(2): 25-30.Yu Weilian, Dong Dan, Ni Jian. Comparison of Biomass and net primary productivity of karst and non-karst forests in Mountainous areas, Southwestern China[J]. Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment, 2010, 5(2): 25-30. [122] Rocha J C, Peterson G, Bodin Ö, et al. Cascading regime shifts within and across scales[J]. Science, 2018, 362(6421):1379-1383. doi: 10.1126/science.aat7850 [123] Gunung Mulu National Park, Malaysian State of Sarawak[OL]. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1013)[2022-01-29]. [124] 房山世界地质公园[OL]. http://www.globalgeopark.org.cn /parkintroduction/ geoparks/china/11910.htm[2022-01-29]. [125] Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve of Madagas-car[OL]. https://whc.unesco.org /en/ list/494[2022-01-29]. [126] 李玉辉, 丁智强, 吴晓月. 基于Strahler面积—高程分析的云南石林县域喀斯特地貌演化的量化研究[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(5): 973-985.LI Yuhui, DING Zhiqiang, WU Xiaoyue. A quantitative study on the karst geomorphic evolution of Shilicounty in Yunnan province of China based on Strahler hypsometric analysis[J]. Acta geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(5): 973-985. [127] 李玉辉, 冯正清, 俞筱押,马遵平. 云南石林公园植被重大变化与意义[J]. 中国岩溶, 2005, 24(3), 46-53.LI Yuhui, FENG Zhengqing, YU Xiaoya, MA Zunping. Eventful changes of the vegetation in shilin national park and its significance[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2005, 24(3), 46-53. [128] Duan J, Li Y H, Huang J. An assessment of conservation effects in Shilin Karst of South China Karst[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013, 68(3):821-832. doi: 10.1007/s12665-012-1785-x [129] 李玉辉. 意大利东北部喀斯特环境变化过程的分析[J]. 生态学杂志, 2003, 22(1): 79-83.Li Yuhui. An analysis on karst environment change processes in the north2eastern part of Italy[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2003 , 22 (1) : 79-83. [130] Tang C Q, Li Y H, Zhang Z Y, et al. Effects of management on vegetation dynamics and associated nutrient cycling in a karst area, Yunnan, SW China[J]. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 2015, 11:177-188. doi: 10.1007/s11355-014-0258-7 [131] Poorter L, Craven D, Jakovac C, et al. Multidimensional tropical forest recovery[J]. Science, 2021, 374(6573):1370-1376. doi: 10.1126/science.abh3629 [132] Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia[OL]. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/98[2022-01-28]. [133] Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area[OL]. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/637[2022-01-28]
点击查看大图
表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1518
- HTML浏览量: 1027
- PDF下载量: 107
- 被引次数: 0