Evaluation of rocky desertification comprehensive control based on orchard intercropped by herbage: A case study of the Xingyi City, Guizhou Province
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摘要: 开展石漠化综合治理效益评价，对于石漠化综合治理模式的优化和改进至关重要。文章以贵州兴义市南盘江镇田房村为研究对象，分析热带果树+覆盖作物措施的石漠化综合治理效益。通过调查兴义市南盘江镇田房村治理前（2014年）和治理后（2017年和2020年）的农业产业结构、产业资源发展、经济效益和生态效益，利用冗余分析(RDA)和结构方程建模(SEM)评价了田房村石漠化治理的综合效益。结果表明：通过将耕地转变为园地（芒果和澳洲坚果间作牧草或绿肥），综合治理6年后，该示范区农业产业结构、产业资源发展、经济效益和生态效益均呈现向好趋势；除了农/林草面积比和农产品商品产值两个观测变量，农业产业结构和产业资源发展与经济效益和生态效益之间观测指标均呈显著相关；果园用地比重、务工劳动力比重、务工贡献率、农产商品化产值、农/林草面积比5个变量是引起经济效益和生态效益变化的重要驱动因子；石漠化治理能耦合生态环境与产业资源的协调发展，同时实现生态恢复和经济增收。热带果树+覆盖作物相结合综合治理石漠化是该村生态恢复和经济增收的有效措施。研究结果为喀斯特石漠化综合治理提供了依据。Abstract: An evaluation of rocky desertification comprehensive control is very important to optimize and improve strategy for rocky desertification control modes. This paper aims to (Ⅰ) analyze the relationship among agricultural structure, industrial resources situation, economy benefit and ecology benefit; (Ⅱ) evaluate the comprehensive benefit of karst rocky desertification control by orchard-herbage intercropping, and further find its own advantages and disadvantages; (Ⅲ) provide ecological economic and sustainable development reference for rocky desertification control in the southwest karst area of China.A comprehensive prevention and control of rocky desertification area has been implemented in combination with tropical fruit tree intercropped by legume herb in Tianfang village, Nanpanjiang town, Xingyi City of Guizhou Province,where the rocky desertification is serious. To evaluate the comprehensive benefit of the demonstration area, we investigated the agricultural structure, industrial resources situation, and the benefits of economy and ecology before (2014) and after (2017 and 2020) karst rocky desertification control, and then adopted correlation analysis, Redundancy Analysis (RDA) and Structure Equation Modeling (SEM).By converting cultivated land to orchard (mango and Macadamia intercropped with herbage or green manure) the agricultural industrial structure ,industrial resources development,economic benefit and ecological benefit of the demonstration area showed a good trend after 6 years of rocky desertification comprehensive control. Correlation analysis showed that the agricultural industrial structure and industrial resources development situation were significantly correlated with economic benefit and ecological benefit, except for farming/forest-grass area ratio and commodity output value of agricultural products. RDA analysis showed that there are five variables which are the important contributing factors to the changes of economic benefit and ecological benefit such as, proportion of orchard land, migrant worker population, economic contribution rate of migrant workers, commodity output value of agricultural products farming/forest-grass area ratio SEM further showed that the rocky desertification control are able to couple the coordinated development of ecological environment and industrial resources, and at the same time achieve ecological restoration and economic benefit.Conclusions are drawn as follows, (Ⅰ) The rocky desertification control in orchards intercropped by fruit tree has increased the number of labor force and migrant workers,and improved the economic benefits by increasing commodity output value of agricultural products and migrant workers income. (Ⅱ) The ecological environment has been improved by increasing forest and grass coverage,soil erosion and water loss and surface runoff loss in the comprehensive control area of rocky desertification has been reduced. (Ⅲ) The rocky desertification control by orchard covered with fruit tree and intercropped by crops controlling rocky desertification will improve both economic benefit and ecological benefit. Overall, rocky desertification control by fruit tree intercropping orchard is an effective way to achieve sustainable development in the southwest karst area of China The study results provide a basis for the comprehensive control of karst rocky desertification.
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图 1 农业产业结构－产业资源发展－经济效益－生态效益耦合关系初始模型
Figure 1. Initial model of coupling relationship among agricultural industrial structure-industrial resources development-economic benefit-ecological benefit
图 2 贵州兴义市田房村治理前（2014年）和治理后（2020年）的植被覆盖
Figure 2. Vegetation cover before(2014) and after(2020) karst rocky desertification control in Tianfang village, Xingyi City, Guizhou Province
图 3 石漠化综合治理区农业产业结构和产业资源发展与经济效益和生态效益的冗余分析
Figure 3. Redundancy analysis of agricultural industrial structure and industrial resources development and economic benefit and ecological benefit in rocky desertification comprehensive control area
图 4 农业产业结构－产业资源发展－经济效益－生态效益耦合关系拟合模型
模型拟合结果：χ2=55.426，df=23，P=0.657，AIC=108.00
Figure 4. Fitting model of coupling relationship between agricultural industrial structure-industrial resources development-economic benefit-ecological benefit
表 1 调研基本信息
Table 1. Basic situation of investigation
类别 研究内容 家庭基本信息 人口数量、耕地数量、劳动力数量 农业产业 一年生农作物种类和种植面积、多年生果树种类和种植面积、果园种草面积、商品化农产品种类 产业资源发展 农产品商品率、务农劳动力数量、外出务工劳动力数量 经济效益 务农收益（一年生作物经济收益、多年生果树经济收益、
畜禽养殖收益）、本地务工收益、外地务工收益生态效益 地表径流量、土壤侵蚀量、林草覆盖率 
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表 2 石漠化综合治理区农业产业－资源－经济－生态系统耦合变量解释
Table 2. Coupling variable interpretation of agricultural industry-industrial resources- economic-ecological system in rocky desertification comprehensive control area
潜变量 观测变量 定义方法 产业结构与资源发展 农/林草面积比 农用地面积：果园和牧草用地面积 务工劳动力比重 务工劳动力/总劳动力 务工贡献率 务工经济收入/总经济收入 经济效益 人均经济收入 家庭总收入/家庭人口数 人均务工收入 家庭务工总收入/家庭人口数 生态效益 径流量减少量 治理后径流量－治理前径流量 侵蚀减少量 治理后侵蚀量－治理前侵蚀量 林草覆盖率 林地和草地面积之和/土地确权的耕地面积 耦合状态 产业资源相关度 具体赋值方法参考王继军[19]的研究成果 资源适宜度(各项得分
加总值；0~12)耕地适宜性(1 不适宜 /2 临界适宜 /3 适宜，下同)+
园地适宜性(1 /2 / 3)+
林地适宜性(1 / 2 / 3) +草地适宜性(1 /2 /3)
（赵晓翠，2019）[16]
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表 3 石漠化综合治理后农业产业结构、产业资源发展、经济效益和生态效益变化情况
Table 3. Changes of agricultural industrial structure, industrial resources development, economic benefit and ecological benefit after rocky desertification comprehensive control
年度 农业产业结构 产业资源发展 经济效益 生态效益 果园用地
比重/
%农/林草
面积比务工劳动
力比重/
%农产品商品
产值/
万元·人－1务工贡
献率/
%人均经济
收入/
万元·人－1人均务工
收入/
万元·人－1年总径流
量/m3·hm-2年总侵蚀
量/t·hm-2林草覆
盖率/%2014 0.47a 0.58a 45.74a 0.20b 67.44a 1.24a 0.85a 870.1a 11.89a 0.53a 2017 78.43b 0.58b 67.09b 0.00a 86.68b 1.85b 1.66b 557.99b 7.68b 80.27b 2020 80.12b 0.35b 74.56b 0.20b 86.53b 2.23b 1.93b 484.76b 4.42b 84.62b
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表 4 石漠化治理后农业产业结构和产业资源发展与经济效益和生态效益的相关性分析
Table 4. Correlation analysis of agricultural industrial structure and industrial resources development with economic benefit and ecological benefit after rocky desertification control
观测项目 观测变量 农业产业结构 产业资源发展 果园用地比重 农/林草面积比 务工劳动力比重 农产品商品产值 务工贡献率 经济效益 人均经济收入 0.272** 0.176 0.474** 0.311** 0.273** 人均务工收入 0.384** 0.111 0.551** 0.032 0.505** 生态效益 总径流量 −0.473** 0.405** −0.233* 0.202 −0.324** 总侵蚀量 −0.514** 0.414** −0.262** 0.152 −0.321** 林草覆盖率 0.995** −0.343** 0.457** −0.115 0.430**
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