基于地面激光扫描的喀斯特洞穴制图研究

周文龙; 高占冬; 李辉; 李坡; 贺卫; 熊康宁

doi:10.11932/karst20220109

基于地面激光扫描的喀斯特洞穴制图研究

doi: 10.11932/karst20220109

周文龙^{1, 2},
高占冬^{1, 2},
李辉³,
李坡^{1, 2},
贺卫^{1, 2},
熊康宁^4,

1.
贵州省山地资源研究所，贵州贵阳 550001
2.
贵州省喀斯特洞穴资源开发利用工程技术研究中心，贵州贵阳 550001
3.
贵州省第三测绘院，贵州贵阳 550001
4.
贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院，贵州贵阳 550001

基金项目:

贵州省科技计划项目黔科合支撑[2017]2871号

国家“十三五”重点研发计划子课题 2016YFC0502606-011

贵州省教育厅工程研究中心项目黔教合KY字[2017]025

详细信息

作者简介:
周文龙(1984-)，男，高级工程师，研究方向：喀斯特洞穴测绘与信息工程。E-mail：karstpro@hotmail.com。

通讯作者:
熊康宁(1958-)，男，教授，研究方向：喀斯特地貌与洞穴、喀斯特环境与生态治理。E-mail：xiongkn@163.com。

中图分类号: P931.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-28
- 发布日期: 2022-02-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Research on karst cave mapping based on terrestrial laser scanning

ZHOU Wenlong^{1, 2},
GAO Zhandong^{1, 2},
LI Hui³,
LI Po^{1, 2},
HE Wei^{1, 2},
XIONG Kangning^4
,

1.
Guizhou Institute of Mountain Resource， Guiyang， Guizhou 550001， China
2.
Guizhou Provincial Karst Cave Resources Development and Utilization of Engineering and Technology Research Center， Guiyang Guizhou 550001， China
3.
The Third Institute of Surveying and Mapping of Guizhou Province， Guiyang， Guizhou 550001， China
4.
School of Karst Science， Guizhou Normal University， Guiyang， Guizhou 550001， China

Funds:

黔科合支撑[2017]2871号

2016YFC0502606-011

黔教合KY字[2017]025

摘要

摘要: 近年来，地面激光扫描在喀斯特洞穴领域的应用与研究日益广泛，其高精度测量与多样化的成果表达方式相较于传统手段优势明显。它不仅可以全方位记录洞穴要素并进行虚拟化展示，还可以构建洞道和沉积景观模型，最为关键的是毫米级的误差精度对于喀斯特洞穴空间形态计量研究有着革命性的突破，那么该如何通过海量点云精确绘制洞穴图并对洞穴要素进行制图表达成为首要解决的问题。本文以贵州潜龙洞为例，通过对三维激光点云进行处理，辅以第三方软件绘制潜龙洞平面图、剖面图和横断面图，并对洞穴要素图像化自动提取与制图表达进行探讨，对于提高洞穴制图精度、规范洞穴制图标准、科学构建洞穴地理空间数据库以及指导洞穴合理规划与开发等方面将有着重要意义。
- 洞穴测绘 /
- 地面激光扫描 /
- 平面制图 /
- 潜龙洞 /
- 喀斯特洞穴
Abstract: The precision of cave surveying and mapping has always been the focus of the industry. In recent years， the study and application of terrestrial laser scanning in the field of karst caves has been increasingly widespread. Compared with traditional methods， its millimeter-level error accuracy and diversified results expression have obvious advantages， which will have a revolutionary breakthrough in improving cave mapping accuracy， strengthening the measurement of cave spatial morpholog， constructing cave geospatial database， and guiding rational planning and development of cave . Although the information of cave 3D results is rich and diverse， accurate cave maps have always been the basis for understanding the development and evolution of caves， and they still play an irreplaceable role. Then， how to accurately draw cave maps and express cave elements through massive point clouds has become the primary problem to be solved. Therefore， this paper takes Qianlong cave in Guizhou province as an example， through the processing of the 3D laser point cloud， supplemented by third-party software to draw the plan view， profile view and cross-section view of Qianlong cave， and discusses the automatic extraction form slice image and cartographic expression of cave elements， forming the following understandings，（1） Terrestrial laser scanning observes the entire cave structure from the perspective of God， the extraction of the overall tunnel boundary will be more accurate， and the feature information of any location can be obtained. In terms of cave pattern construction and element expression， it not only the inherits the traditional ways， but also makes new breakthroughs. （2） The software and hardware requirements of karst cave mapping based on terrestrial laser scanning are more complicated than traditional methods. In addition to the expensive equipment for point cloud data collection， interactive mapping with multiple software platforms puts forward higher technical requirements for post-processing data. It is urgent to standardize a set of software platforms and standards for 3D cave mapping based on terrestrial laser scanning and unified delivery of results. （3） Not all karst caves require 3D laser scanning measurements，and karst cave measurement should be selected on the basis of actual needs.For general or initial exploration caves， considering the cost factors and taking into account the accuracy requirements， it is recommended to use method of paperless cave measurement. For Tourist caves or caves with high resource landscape value，it is recommended to use 3D laser scanning. There is a general trend that the equipment will be miniaturized and more suitable for cave surveying and mapping in the future. （4） The combined application of terrestrial laser scanning and UAV aerial photogrammetry technology in the field of karst cave surveying and mapping is the focus of the next breakthrough in cave surveying work. It can effectively realize the fusion of surface and underground 3D spatial information， which will greatly expand and enrich speleological research and its application value.
- cave surveying and mapping /
- terrestrial laser scanning /
- graphic drawing /
- Qianlong cave /
- karst cave
注释:

1) 周文龙，高占冬，李辉，等.基于地面激光扫描的喀斯特洞穴制图研究［J］.中国岩溶，2022，41（1）：153-164.

2)

HTML

图 1 潜龙洞地面激光扫描洞段位置示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of terrestrial laser scanning section of Qianlong cave

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 潜龙洞三维激光点云水体反射噪点（透视图）

Figure 2. Water reflection noise of 3D laser point cloud in Qianlong cave (transparent points)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 三维点云视图下的潜龙洞整体平面和剖面投影边界

Figure 4. Overall plan and profile projection boundary of the Qianlong cave under 3D point cloud view

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 潜龙洞切片及平面要素信息勾绘

Figure 5. Slicing and drawing outline of plane element information in Qianlong cave

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 潜龙洞剖面与横断面图解构（红色为剖面切线；黑色为横断面切线）

Figure 6. Analysis of sections and cross-sections of Qianlong cave (red line is the section tangent; black line is the cross-section tangent)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 潜龙洞剖面图点云切片

Figure 7. Point cloud slicing of profile in Qianlong cave

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 潜龙洞剖面正射影像图与矢量边界自动化提取

Figure 8. Profile of DOM(Digital Orthophoto Map) in Qianlong cave and automatic extraction of it's vector boundary

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 潜龙洞图型设计与要素表达

Figure 9. Diagram design and element expression of Qianlong cave

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表图3 不同显示模式下的激光点云特征地物识别

Table 图3. Feature recognition of laser point cloud in different display modes

场景一场景二
真彩色图
灰度图
强度映射图

下载: 导出CSV

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