文山小河尾水库岩溶渗漏水文地质条件与管道位置识别

刘天云; 罗锐恒; 胡顺强; 赵永宾; 潘晓东; 刘伟

doi:10.11932/karst20220104

文山小河尾水库岩溶渗漏水文地质条件与管道位置识别

doi: 10.11932/karst20220104

刘天云¹,
罗锐恒¹,
胡顺强¹,
赵永宾¹,
潘晓东^{2, 3,},
刘伟^{2, 3}

1.
文山壮族苗族自治州水利电力勘察设计院，云南文山 663000
2.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室，广西桂林 541004
3.
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心，广西桂林 541004

基金项目:

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20221758, DD20190326

广西重点研发计划项目桂科AB21196026

详细信息

作者简介:
刘天云（1970-），男，高级工程师，主要从事水利水电工程勘察与设计方面的研究。E-mail:350611029@qq.com。

通讯作者:
潘晓东（1984-）,男，高级工程师，主要从事岩溶地区水工环地质方面的研究。E-mail:pxiaodong@mail.cgs.gov.cn。

中图分类号: TV697.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-12
- 发布日期: 2022-02-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Hydrogeological conditions of karst leakage and identification of pipeline location in Xiaohewei reservoir, Wenshan

1.
Institute of Water Conservancy and Electric Power Survey and Design，Wenshan，Yunnan 663000，China
2.
Institute of Karst Geology，CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics，MNR &GZAR，Guilin ，Guangxi 541004，China
3.
International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO，Guilin，Guangxi 541004，China

Funds:

DD20221758, DD20190326

桂科AB21196026

摘要

摘要: 小河尾水库是云南省文山州重要的集中式饮用水水源地，承担着22万人饮水供应任务，长年受到渗漏病害问题困扰。文章在水文地质调查基础上，提出小河尾水库岩溶渗漏水文地质条件的新认识：泥盆系坡折落组硅质岩和榴江组硅质岩构成南北两侧隔水边界，中间厚约40米的分水岭组灰岩构成渗漏条带，一NE-SW向压扭性逆断层F₁构成西侧隔水边界，库水主要向东北侧渗漏。采用大功率充电法和音频大地电磁法2种物探方法探测岩溶渗漏管道位置和深度，并实施钻孔验证，综合分析水文地质调查、物探和钻探成果，认为在分水岭组灰岩与上部榴江组硅质岩、下部坡折落组硅质岩岩性接触带附近分别存在强岩溶渗漏带，并分析2处强岩溶渗漏带分布特征、规模和充填性质，为小河尾水库渗漏治理提供依据，为以后岩溶地区类似水库渗漏病害问题调查治理提供借鉴。
- 小河尾水库 /
- 病险水库 /
- 岩溶渗漏 /
- 水文地质 /
- 物探技术
Abstract: Xiaohewei reservoir is an important centralized drinking water source in Wenshan Prefecture， Yunnan Province. It is also the reservoir with the highest sea level in Wenshan City. The reservoir dam is a concrete double curvature arch dam， with a total storage capacity of 3.9892 million m³， a profitable storage capacity of 3.7892 million m³ and a dead storage capacity of 200 thousand m³. Xiaohewei reservoir， supplying 220，000 people with drinking water， has been plagued by leakage problems for years because the geological survey work in the stage of reservoir site selection is insufficient. According to the 1∶200，000 geological survey data and results of the geological drilling conducted at the dam site， a wrong judgment was made that there are mudstone and silty mudstone clastic rock strata of Devonian Pojiao formation （D₁pj） and there is no carbonate rock distribution at the dam site and at the bottom of the reservoir basin. Therefore， it is not likely to occur the leakage caused by karst development in reservoir construction of this area. However， this article presents a new understanding of the hydrogeological conditions of karst seepage in Xiaohewei reservoir based on hydrogeological investigations. The siliciclastic rocks of the Devonian Pozheluo formation and those of the Liujiang formation form the water barrier between the north and south sides， with the limestone of the watershed zone formation about 40 m thick in the middle forming the seepage zone. A northeast-southwest compressional and torsional reverse fault F1 forms the western water barrier， with water seeping mainly to the northeast. （1） The tracer experiment was carried out between leakage point X01 and collapse pit Tx02. The results show that surface water leaks from the bottom of Xiaohewei reservoir， flows northeast along the karst leakage zone， passes through carbonate rock strata such as Carboniferous Weining formation， Maping formation and Permian Yangxin formation， and finally discharges into the karst spring S01 by the Shundian river. （2） Two physical methods， the high-power charging and the audio geomagnetic method， have been used to detect the locations and depth of karst leakage pipes. The potential curve of high-power charging method reaches the local peak at point 460， point 525 and point 545， and the potential gradient value is close to 0， which is speculated to be the location of karst leakage pipeline. The local peak near points 525-545 is wider， and the width at point 460 is relatively small. The results of the audio magnetotelluric method show that the points 450-480 and 510-560 constitute two extremely low resistance closure loops， and the depth of the anomaly zone is less than 120 m. The positions of these two extremely low resistance closure loops are basically consistent with the positions of the strong karst seepage zone detected by the high-power charging method. （3） Boreholes were respectively drilled at point 460 and point 545. The results show that karst caves are exposed in both boreholes， which verifies the strong karst leakage zone speculated by geophysical exploration. （4） The results of hydrogeological survey， geophysical exploration and drilling have been comprehensively analyzed. It is considered that there are two strong karst seepage zones near the lithologic contact zones between the watershed limestone and the upper Liujiang siliceous rock and lower Pozheluo siliceous rock respectively. The scale of these two karst leakage zones varies greatly， small at point 460 and large at points 525 to 545. ZK01 borehole at point 460 is a semi-filled mud karst cave with drill falling at 51.5-53.7 m， which is located near the lithologic boundary between the limestone of Fenshuiling formation and the siliceous rock of lower slope folding formation. At point 545， ZK06 borehole exposed karst caves at the lithologic boundary of 24.9-26.9 m and 52.4-56.4 m respectively， of which the karst caves at the lithologic boundary of 24.9-26.9 m Fenshuiling formation limestone and Liujiang formation siliceous rock are completely filled with mud； the karst caves at the lithologic boundary of 52.4-56.4 m Fenshuiling formation limestone and lower slope break formation are semi-filled； the bottom is filled with mud at 56.1-56.4 m， with high water content at 52.4-56.1 m depth. The research results will provide a basis for the control of leakage in Xiaohewei reservoir and a reference for the investigation and prevention of similar reservoir leakage problems in karst areas in the future.
- Xiaohewei reservoir /
- dangerous reservoir /
- karst leakage /
- hydrogeology /
- physical exploration technology
注释:

1) 刘天云，罗锐恒，胡顺强，等.文山小河尾水库岩溶渗漏水文地质条件与管道位置识别［J］.中国岩溶，2022，41（1）：88-99.

2)

HTML

图 1 研究区水文地质图

Figure 1. Hydrogeological map of the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 小河尾水库1∶20万水文地质图

Figure 2. 1∶200，000 hydrogeological map of Xiaohewei reservoir

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 小河尾水库渗漏水文地质调查成果与地球物理探测测线布置图

Figure 3. Hydrogeological survey results and line layout in geophysical survey of Xiaohewei reservoir

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

照片1　水库附近岩溶塌陷

. Photo 1　Karst collapse near the reservoir

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

照片3　塌陷附近开挖灰岩

. Photo 3　Limestone excavation near the karst collapse

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

照片2　F1断层沿线D01处断层角砾岩

. Photo 2　Fault breccia at D01 along F1

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 小河尾水库水文地质剖面（A-A’）

Figure 4. Hydrogeological profile of Xiaohewei reservoir (A-A ')

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 小河尾水库水文地质剖面（B-B’）

Figure 5. Hydrogeological profile of Xiaohewei reservoir (B-B ')

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 示踪接收点荧光素钠浓度趋势图

Figure 6. Trend diagram of Fluorescein Sodium concentration at tracer receiving point

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 地球物理探测结果图（a.大功率充电法，b.音频大地电磁法）

Figure 7. Geophysical exploration result map (a.large power charge meth, b.acoustic magnetotelluric )

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 钻孔ZK01和ZK06岩性柱状图

Figure 8. Lithology histogram of borehole ZK01 and ZK06

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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