Hydrogeological conditions of karst leakage and identification of pipeline location in Xiaohewei reservoir, Wenshan
-
摘要:
小河尾水库是云南省文山州重要的集中式饮用水水源地，承担着22万人饮水供应任务，长年受到渗漏病害问题困扰。文章在水文地质调查基础上，提出小河尾水库岩溶渗漏水文地质条件的新认识：泥盆系坡折落组硅质岩和榴江组硅质岩构成南北两侧隔水边界，中间厚约40米的分水岭组灰岩构成渗漏条带，一NE-SW向压扭性逆断层F1构成西侧隔水边界，库水主要向东北侧渗漏。采用大功率充电法和音频大地电磁法2种物探方法探测岩溶渗漏管道位置和深度，并实施钻孔验证，综合分析水文地质调查、物探和钻探成果，认为在分水岭组灰岩与上部榴江组硅质岩、下部坡折落组硅质岩岩性接触带附近分别存在强岩溶渗漏带，并分析2处强岩溶渗漏带分布特征、规模和充填性质，为小河尾水库渗漏治理提供依据，为以后岩溶地区类似水库渗漏病害问题调查治理提供借鉴。 Abstract:Xiaohewei reservoir is an important centralized drinking water source in Wenshan Prefecture， Yunnan Province. It is also the reservoir with the highest sea level in Wenshan City. The reservoir dam is a concrete double curvature arch dam， with a total storage capacity of 3.9892 million m3， a profitable storage capacity of 3.7892 million m3 and a dead storage capacity of 200 thousand m3. Xiaohewei reservoir， supplying 220，000 people with drinking water， has been plagued by leakage problems for years because the geological survey work in the stage of reservoir site selection is insufficient. According to the 1∶200，000 geological survey data and results of the geological drilling conducted at the dam site， a wrong judgment was made that there are mudstone and silty mudstone clastic rock strata of Devonian Pojiao formation （D1pj） and there is no carbonate rock distribution at the dam site and at the bottom of the reservoir basin. Therefore， it is not likely to occur the leakage caused by karst development in reservoir construction of this area. However， this article presents a new understanding of the hydrogeological conditions of karst seepage in Xiaohewei reservoir based on hydrogeological investigations. The siliciclastic rocks of the Devonian Pozheluo formation and those of the Liujiang formation form the water barrier between the north and south sides， with the limestone of the watershed zone formation about 40 m thick in the middle forming the seepage zone. A northeast-southwest compressional and torsional reverse fault F1 forms the western water barrier， with water seeping mainly to the northeast. （1） The tracer experiment was carried out between leakage point X01 and collapse pit Tx02. The results show that surface water leaks from the bottom of Xiaohewei reservoir， flows northeast along the karst leakage zone， passes through carbonate rock strata such as Carboniferous Weining formation， Maping formation and Permian Yangxin formation， and finally discharges into the karst spring S01 by the Shundian river. （2） Two physical methods， the high-power charging and the audio geomagnetic method， have been used to detect the locations and depth of karst leakage pipes. The potential curve of high-power charging method reaches the local peak at point 460， point 525 and point 545， and the potential gradient value is close to 0， which is speculated to be the location of karst leakage pipeline. The local peak near points 525-545 is wider， and the width at point 460 is relatively small. The results of the audio magnetotelluric method show that the points 450-480 and 510-560 constitute two extremely low resistance closure loops， and the depth of the anomaly zone is less than 120 m. The positions of these two extremely low resistance closure loops are basically consistent with the positions of the strong karst seepage zone detected by the high-power charging method. （3） Boreholes were respectively drilled at point 460 and point 545. The results show that karst caves are exposed in both boreholes， which verifies the strong karst leakage zone speculated by geophysical exploration. （4） The results of hydrogeological survey， geophysical exploration and drilling have been comprehensively analyzed. It is considered that there are two strong karst seepage zones near the lithologic contact zones between the watershed limestone and the upper Liujiang siliceous rock and lower Pozheluo siliceous rock respectively. The scale of these two karst leakage zones varies greatly， small at point 460 and large at points 525 to 545. ZK01 borehole at point 460 is a semi-filled mud karst cave with drill falling at 51.5-53.7 m， which is located near the lithologic boundary between the limestone of Fenshuiling formation and the siliceous rock of lower slope folding formation. At point 545， ZK06 borehole exposed karst caves at the lithologic boundary of 24.9-26.9 m and 52.4-56.4 m respectively， of which the karst caves at the lithologic boundary of 24.9-26.9 m Fenshuiling formation limestone and Liujiang formation siliceous rock are completely filled with mud； the karst caves at the lithologic boundary of 52.4-56.4 m Fenshuiling formation limestone and lower slope break formation are semi-filled； the bottom is filled with mud at 56.1-56.4 m， with high water content at 52.4-56.1 m depth. The research results will provide a basis for the control of leakage in Xiaohewei reservoir and a reference for the investigation and prevention of similar reservoir leakage problems in karst areas in the future. -
1) 刘天云，罗锐恒，胡顺强，等.文山小河尾水库岩溶渗漏水文地质条件与管道位置识别［J］.中国岩溶，2022，41（1）：88-99.2)
-
图 3 小河尾水库渗漏水文地质调查成果与地球物理探测测线布置图
Figure 3. Hydrogeological survey results and line layout in geophysical survey of Xiaohewei reservoir
图 4 小河尾水库水文地质剖面（A-A’）
Figure 4. Hydrogeological profile of Xiaohewei reservoir (A-A ')
图 5 小河尾水库水文地质剖面（B-B’）
Figure 5. Hydrogeological profile of Xiaohewei reservoir (B-B ')
图 6 示踪接收点荧光素钠浓度趋势图
Figure 6. Trend diagram of Fluorescein Sodium concentration at tracer receiving point
图 7 地球物理探测结果图（a.大功率充电法，b.音频大地电磁法）
Figure 7. Geophysical exploration result map (a.large power charge meth, b.acoustic magnetotelluric )
-
蒋忠诚，夏日元，时坚，裴建国，何师意，梁彬.西南岩溶地下水资源开发利用效应与潜力分析［J］.地球学报，2006，31（6）：860-868.JIANGZhongcheng， XIARiyuan， SHIJian， PEIJianguo， HEShiyi，LIANGBin. The Application effects and exploitation capacity of karst underground water resources in Southwest China［J］. Acta Geoscientica Sinica， 2006，31（6）：860-868. 潘晓东，梁杏，唐建生，苏春田，孟小军.黔东北高原斜坡地区4种岩溶地下水系统模式及特点［J］.地球学报， 2015，36（ 1）： 85-93.PANXiaodong， LIANGXin， TANGJiansheng， SUChuntian， MENGXiaojun. The patterns and characteristics of four karst groundwater systems in Northeast Guizhou Slope Zone based on the landscape and reservoir structure［J］. Acta Geoscientica Sinica， 2015， 36（1）： 85-93. StevanovicZ， MilanovicP， Engineering challenges in Karst［J］. Acta Carsologica， 2016，44：381-399. 李伟，朱庆俊，王洪磊，李戍.西南岩溶地区找水技术方法探讨［J］地质与勘探，2011，47（5）：918-923.LIWei， ZHUQingjun， WANGHonglei， LIShu. On methods of finding water in the karst zones of Southwest China［J］. Geology and Exploration， 2011，47（5）：918-923. 焦彦杰，吴文贤，杨剑，李富，杨俊波.云南岩溶石山区物探找水方法与实例分析［J］.中国地质，2011，38（3） ：770-778.JIAOYanjie， WUWenxian， YANGJian， LIFu， YANGJunbo. Geophysical water exploration methods in stone mountain karst areas and case analysis［J］. Geology in China， 2011，38（3）：770-778. 许模，王士天.工程水文地质学及其在水电工程中的应用概述［J］.工程地质学报，2003，11（4）：396-401.XUMo， WANGShitian. A brief of engineering-hydrogeology and its application to hydroelectric power project［J］. Journal of Engineering Geology， 2003，11（4）：396-401. AdinehvandR， RaeisiE， HaetmannA. A step-wise semi-distributed simulation approach to characterize a karst aquifer and to support dam construction in a data-scarce environment ［J］. Journal of Hydrology， 2017，554：470-481. 彭仕雄，陈卫东，肖强.官地电站库首左岸河湾地块岩溶渗漏分析［J］.岩石力学与工程学报， 2015，34（2）： 4030-4037.PENGShixiong， CHENWeidong， XIAOQiang. Karst seepage analysis on left river bend in the head area of Guandi hydropower station reservoir［J］. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering， 2015，34（2）： 4030-4037. EddebbarhA L，CarlsonF，HemkerC J，Groundwater modeling using an integrated large-capacity finite-element model for multiple aquifer groundwater flow［C］// Proceedings of the 1996 Symposium on Subsurface Fluid Flow Modeling. ［S.l.］：［s.n.］，1996：22-23. 付兵.四川省武都水库坝基岩溶发育特征及其对工程影响研究［D］.成都：西南交通大学，2006.FUBin. Research on karst development characteristics of dam foundation of Wudu Reservoir in Sichuan Province and its influence on engineering［D］. Chengdu： Southwest Jiaotong University， 2006. AhmedA S， RevilA， SteckB. Self-potential signals associated with localized leaks in embankment dams and dikes［J］. Engineering Geology， 2019，253：229-239. 李旦江，储海宁.对大坝渗压监测中两个问题的看法［J］.大坝与安全，2005（5）：39-43.LIDanjiang， CHUHaiing. Opinions on the two problems in seepage pressure monitoring［J］. Large Dam and Safety， 2005（5）：39-43. 于丽莎，潘晓东，曾洁，任坤.鲁中南泰莱盆地岩溶地下水赋存特征和找水规律［J］.地质与勘探， 2019，55（1）：168-177.YULisha， PANXiaodong， ZENGJie， RENKun. Occurrence characteristics of karst groundwater and the rule of water search in the Tailai Basin，Central-Southern Shandong Province［J］. Geology and Exploration， 2019，55（ 1）： 168-177. 薛伟，袁宗峰，周密.西南地区某岩溶水库渗漏分析［J］.中国岩溶， 2019，38（4）： 508-514.XUEWei， YUANZongfeng， ZHOUMi. Analysis on leakage of a karst reservoir in southwestern China［J］. Carsologica Sinica， 2019，38（4）： 508-514. 吕耀成，李钰强，张富荣，巨广宏.莲花台水电站岩溶发育特征及工程意义［J］.中国岩溶， 2019，38（4）：502-507.YaochengLYU， LIYuqiang， ZHANGFurong， JUGuanghong. Karst features of the Lianhuatai hydropower station and engineering significance［J］. Carsologica Sinica， 2019，38（4）：502-507. 徐磊，张建清，严俊，陆二男.磁电阻率法在平原水库渗漏探测中的试验研究［J］. 地球物理学进展， 2021，36（5）：2222-2233.XULei， ZHANGJianqing， YANJun， LUErnan. Experimental research of magnetic resistivity method in plain reservoir leakage detection［J］. Progress in Geophysics， 2021， 36（5）：2222-2233. MilanovicP. Dams and reservoirs in karst？ Keep away or accept the challenges［J］. Hydrogeology Journal， 2021，29（1）：89-100． 杜朋召，雷春荣，高平.东庄水库碳酸盐岩库段岩溶控制因素与发育规律研究［J］．华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版）， 2018，39（3）： 88-92.DUPengzhao， LEIChunrong， GAOPing. Research on Controlling Factors and Development Rules of Karst in Carbonate Rocks of Dongzhuang Reservoir［J］. Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power （Natural Science Edition）， 2018，39（3）： 88-92. 陈贻祥，邬健强，黄奇波，甘伏平，韩凯，魏巍，郑智杰.水中自然电场法探测病态水库岩溶渗漏通道：以金鸡河水库一级水电站为例［J］.中国岩溶， 2018，37（6） ： 883-891.CHENYixiang， WUJianqiang， HUANGQibo， GANFuping， HANKai， WEIWei， ZHENGZhijie. Detection of karst leakage passages in sick reservoirs by the self-potential method on the water： An example of the first-class hydropower station on the Jinjihe reservoir［J］. Carsologica Sinica， 2018，37（6）： 883-891. 万伟锋，王泉伟，邹剑峰，苗旺.东庄水库岩溶渗漏几个关键问题的探讨［J］.人民黄河， 2015，37（2）： 99-103.WANWeifeng， WANGQuanwei， ZOUJianfeng， MIAOWang. Discussion on Several Key Problems about Karst Leakage of Dongzhuang Reservoir［J］.Yellow River，2015，37（2）： 99-103. DiQ Y， WangM Y. Determining areas of leakage in the Da Ye Dam using multi-electrode resistivity［J］. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment， 2010，69（1）：105-109. 姚纪华，罗仕军，宋文杰，刘媛，赵文刚，吕慧珠.综合物探在水库渗漏探测中的应用［J］.物探与化探，2020，44（2）：456-462．YAOJihua， LUOShijun， SONGWenjie， LIUYuan， ZHAOWengang， HuizhuLYU. The application of comprehensive geophysical exploration method to leakage detection of a reservoir［J］. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration，2020，44（2）：456-462． 韩凯，梁永平，严良俊，梁东辉，申豪勇，唐春雷. 综合物探调查晋祠断裂对晋祠泉流域岩溶水控制作用效果分析［J］.中国岩溶，2020，39（5）：745-752.HANKai， LIANGYongping， YANLiangjun， LIANGDonghui， SHENHaoyong， TANGChunlei. Control of the Jinci fault on karst water in the Jinci spring basin revealed by integrated geophysical surveys［J］. Carsologica Sinica，2020，39（5）：745-752. 杨良权，雷安平，吴广平，汪德云，刘殿柱，蒋少熠.综合勘察技术在天开水库渗漏分析中的应用［J］.科学技术与工程，2018，18（24）：28-37.YANGLiangquan， LEIAnping， WUGuangping，WANGDeyun， LIUDianzhu， JIANGShaoyi. The application of comprehensive survey technology in seepage analysis of Tiankai Reservoir［J］. Science Technology and Engineering， 2018，18（24）：28-37. -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(13)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1766
- HTML浏览量: 1264
- PDF下载量: 94
- 被引次数: 0
