贵安新区生态新城岩溶区地下空间利用适宜性评价

李浩; 杨强; 罗旋; 王兵虎; 邵长庆; 王思源; 乐琪浪

doi:10.11932/karst2021y38

贵安新区生态新城岩溶区地下空间利用适宜性评价

doi: 10.11932/karst2021y38

李浩^{1, 2,},
杨强^3, ,,
罗旋^{1, 2},
王兵虎^{1, 2},
邵长庆^{1, 2},
王思源^{1, 2},
乐琪浪³

1.
中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心, 天津 300304
2.
自然资源部地质环境监测工程技术创新中心, 天津 300304
3.
中国地质环境监测院, 北京 100081

基金项目: 中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20221747）；中国地质调查局地质调查二级项目“黔中城市群综合地质调查”（DD20190268）；2019年度自然资源部杰出青年人才资助项目“地质灾害风险评价与管控技术方法研究”

详细信息

作者简介:
李浩（1990－），男，工程师，主要从事工程地质和地质灾害研究工作。E-mail：lhao@mail.cgs.gov.cn

通讯作者:
杨强（1980－），男，高级工程师，从事地质灾害和综合地质调查研究。E-mail：yangqiang@mail.cgs.gov.cn。

中图分类号: TU984.113
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-02
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-01

Suitability evaluation of utilizing urban underground space in the karst area in Gui'an New Area

LI Hao^{1, 2
,},
YANG Qiang^{3
, ,},
LUO Xuan^{1, 2},
WANG Binghu^{1, 2},
SHAO Changqing^{1, 2},
WANG Siyuan^{1, 2},
LE Qilang³

1.
Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey, China Geology Survey, Tianjin, 300304, China
2.
Technology Innovation Center for Geological Environment Monitoring Engineering, MNR, Tianjin, 300304, China
3.
China Institute for Geo-Environmental Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 以贵安新区生态新城为例，在分析研究区地质环境条件基础上，提出了地下空间利用概念模型，建立了基于地下水系统单元的分区、分层地下空间利用适宜性评价体系和评价方法，利用ArcGIS平台对典型岩溶区进行了地下空间利用适宜性评价，提出了针对性的地下空间利用建议。结果表明：（1）地下空间适宜性较好以上面积半地下占36.11%、浅层占44.06%、次浅层占43.94%，半地下空间利用主要受地形起伏程度、地层岩性破碎程度影响，浅层地下空间利用主要受地质构造、地层岩性、地表水系、岩溶发育程度、地下工程建筑影响，次浅层地下空间利用受地下水、岩溶发育程度和构造影响；（2）基于地下水系统单元和ArcGIS平台建立评价方法较为方便实用，评价结果经验证较为可靠；（3）地下空间开发利用过程中应准确划分地下水系统，查清地下水动态，重视涌水、岩溶塌陷等灾害。建立的评价方法及评价结果为典型岩溶区地下空间利用、国土空间规划、地质灾害防治提供借鉴和指导。
- 贵安新区 /
- 岩溶区 /
- 城市地下空间 /
- 适宜性评价
Abstract: In recent years, with the continuous acceleration of urbanization in China, the development and utilization of ground space and aboveground space have gradually become saturated, and various "urban diseases" such as traffic congestion, land resource shortage, ground noise are increasingly severe. Therefore, reasonable development and utilization of urban underground space is of practical significance to alleviate the scarcity of urban resources, improve environmental conditions, and enhance the quality of residents' life. Located in a typical karst mountainous area on the plateau of central Guizhou, Gui'an New Area not only faces common problems in its urban development such as insufficient land for human due to the unique karst landform of this area, but also faces many engineering geological problems such as karst collapse, mud and water inrush during the development and utilization of underground space. At present, the utilization of urban karst underground space in Gui'an New Area is still in the early stage of planning and implementation. It is necessary to investigate the structural characteristics of underground space, explore and demonstrate the methods applicable to evaluate the suitability of utilizing underground space in karst areas before the large-scale development of underground space.Based on the planning of constructing urban underground space in Gui'an New Area, this study takes the ecological new town in Gui'an New Area as an example. According to different karst hydrogeological units (water-bearing media), it proposes a conceptual model for underground space utilization through comprehensive geological surveys, engineering surveys, and groundwater dynamic monitoring. This study also establishes a suitability evaluation system and method for utilizing underground space according to different zones and layers with groundwater system units. The suitability evaluation of underground space utilization in typical karst areas has been conducted by using the ArcGIS platform, and targeted suggestions have been proposed.The research results indicate as follows, (1) For the utilization of semi-underground space, 14.97% of the space may fall into the grade of very high suitability, 21.14% of high suitability, 22.36% of low suitability, and 41.52% of very low suitability. Due to the degree of terrain undulation and rock fragmentation of the strata, the unsuitable area for utilization in semi-underground space is mainly concentrated in the fault zone and the area at relatively low elevations. In the areas with high levels of engineering excavation and subway construction, the availability of semi-underground space is also relatively low.For the utilization of shallow underground space, 10.54% of the space may fall into the grade of very high suitability, 33.52% of high suitability, 33.28% of low suitability, and 23.66% of very low suitability. Shallow underground space mainly falls into the utilization grades of low and very low suitability because it is generally affected by geological structure, stratigraphic lithology, surface water system, karst development degree, and human excavation. The area with high suitability for utilization is located in a small part on the east side of the high-speed railway station, but it is controlled by the karst groundwater system. Consequently, this area is difficult to be utilized and the excavation is likely to change the groundwater flow field, which can cause problems such as karst water gushing, mud bursting, or karst collapse. For the utilization of sub-shallow underground space, 27.3% of the space may fall into the grade of very high suitability, 16.64% of high suitability, 26.45% of low suitability , and 29.6% of very low suitability. The grades for the use of sub-shallow underground space mainly fall into low and very low suitability (totaling 56.05%). The utilization of sub-shallow underground space is greatly influenced by the development level and structure of groundwater and karst, but is not closely related to the engineering construction and utilization of semi-underground space. The utilization of underground space is significantly controlled by the construction of shallow subways and other engineering projects. Overall, the geological environment conditions of sub-shallow layer are slightly poor, and the rock mass in the structural and karst development areas is broken, which increases the difficulty and cost of underground engineering construction. To prevent environmental geological problems like the water inflow of foundation pit and karst collapses, it is recommended to take reasonable measures such as the foundation pit enclosure during underground engineering construction.(2) The establishment of evaluation method based on the units of groundwater system and the ArcGIS platform is convenient and practical, and the reliability of evaluation results have been verified.(3) The underground space in karst areas is significantly constrained by factors such as karst collapses, geological structures, karst pipeline development, and conditions of groundwater recharge and drainage. Before the development and utilization of underground space in karst areas, it is recommended to accurately delineate the groundwater system, investigate groundwater dynamics, take precautions to geological disasters such as water inrush and karst collapse, conduct suitability evaluations, comprehensively analyze the types of underground space utilization and limiting factors, and clarify karst hydrogeological conditions. For areas with low suitability, reasonable planning or preliminary engineering treatment should be carried out to obtain ecological, economic, and environmental benefits in a coordinated way. Under the premise of scientifically protecting underground space resources and the ecological environment, the maximization of development and utilization benefits should be achieved.The evaluation results are significant for the guidance of constructing Gui'an Station, Metro line S1, and the surrounding underground comprehensive pipe galleries in Gui'an New Area. The results are also of practical significance for promotion of the scientific development and utilization of underground space, protection of resources and ecological environment, and prevention and control of geological disasters in karst areas.
- Gui'an New Area /
- karst area /
- urban underground space /
- suitability evaluation

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图 1 研究区综合地质图

Figure 1. Comprehensive geological map of the study area

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图 2 地下水监测点分布及平面分区图

Figure 2. Distribution map of groundwater monitoring points

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图 3 贵安新区生态新城地下空间适宜性评价概念模型

Figure 3. Suitability evaluation model of underground space in Gui'an New Area

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图 4 贵安新区生态新城地下空间利用评价体系

Figure 4. Evaluation system of underground space utilization of the eco-friendly town in Gui'an New Area

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图 5 分层地下空间适宜性评价结果

Figure 5. Results of suitability evaluation of layered underground space

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表 1 研究区地下空间利用适宜性评价因子分级及赋值表

Table 1. Grading of factors of suitability evaluation for underground space utilization in the study area

指标层	因子说明	分级	分级说明	Ai分值（专家打分法）
相对高度/m	研究区地貌类型单一，相对高度是决定半地下空间利用的重要因素	10~20	适宜性好，适合用于半地下空间开发利用，有一定的空间	9
		20~50	适宜性较好，全部位于地表层以上，利用工程建设难度稍大，经济成本较高	5.5
		50~70	适宜性较差，较难利用	4
		70~100	适宜性差，相对高差较大，难利用，即使利用，经济成本巨大	1
坡度/°	主要影响半地下空间的利用，坡度大不利于半地下空间的利用	0~15	适宜性好，坡度较缓，易于利用，可利用山体空间大	9
		15~30	较适宜，坡度中等，也较容易利用	6.5
		30~50	适宜性较差，也可以利用，但利用经济成本较大	3
		>50	适宜性差，多位于陡峭的溶丘顶部，有可利用空间较少	1
地质构造/m	区内断裂、褶皱构造发育，按照与褶皱皱迹线、断裂的距离及交叉影响范围确定	0~20	适宜性差，受构造影响大	1
		20~50	适宜性较差，受构造影响较大	3
		50~100	适宜性较好，受构造影响较小	5
		>100	适宜性好，受构造影响小	9
第四系厚度/m	研究区第四系发育较少，整体影响程度低，根据其对开挖条件难易程度进行分级	＜1	适宜性好，第四系厚度较薄，开发难度低，成本小	9
		1~5	适宜性较好，开发难度中等	6.5
		＞5	适宜性较差，土地难以利用，开发工程量稍大	4.5
工程地质岩组	不同工程地质岩组、岩溶发育程度、结构强度、物理力学特征、差异较大，对地下空间有直接影响	较坚硬层状碳酸盐岩岩组	适宜性较好，涉及地层T₂h^1-3、T_1-2a³、T_1-2a^2-3、T_1-2a^2-2、T_1-2a^2-1，细晶白云岩、溶塌角砾白云岩、泥质白云岩，岩溶较发育，岩体完整性好，结构坚硬	6.5
		碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩互层岩组	适宜性较差，涉及地层T₂h^1-2、T₂h^1-1，白云质泥岩、泥质白云岩夹细晶白云岩、凝灰岩，岩溶发育，较破碎，呈碎块状	3
		残坡积红黏土	适宜性差，以碳酸盐岩红土为主，多呈褐黄色、黄褐色、色泽明亮，结构软弱	1
岩溶塌陷	岩溶塌陷灾害是影响岩溶区地下空间利用的重要因素	低易发	适宜性好，无岩溶塌陷现象或者距离塌陷点位置较远	9
		中易发	适宜性较差，距离塌陷点位置较近，有一定影响	5
		高易发	适宜性差，发育有岩溶塌陷或者距离近，影响较大	1
工程开挖条件	指是否破坏地表地下的原有空间属性，是否影响地下空间的后期施工、建设	低	适宜性好，基本无开挖破坏，对地下空间影响较小	9
		中	适宜性较好，有小规模的破坏及开挖，有一定影响	6.5
		高	适宜较差，原有半地下空间或者地下空间被破坏，难以利用	3
岩溶发育特征	岩溶发育特征是岩溶区地下空间利用的最关键因素	强	适宜性差，岩溶发育直接造成地下空间难以利用，施工难度大，可能遭遇突水突泥、塌陷等工程地质问题	1
		中	适宜性较差，增加地下空间利用难度	5
		弱	适宜较好，岩体结构完整，突泥突水概率低，利于利用	7
地下水水位/m	根据地下水出露和钻孔揭露点地下水水位进行分级	＜5	适宜性差，埋深浅，浮力大，对无上覆荷载的地下建筑威胁大	3
		5~8	适宜性较差，需简单处理，施工期间经济成本较高	5
		＞8	适宜性较好，需要复杂处理，对次浅层空间利用影响较大	7
地表水体/m	地表水体影响地下空间利用，可能造成渗透、涌水等	＜20	适宜性差，地下空间利用需要处理顶板隔水问题	1
		20~100	适宜性较差，有一定影响	3
		＞100	适宜性好，对规模较小地下设施影响较小	7
地下水生态要素	地下开挖后改变地下水对地下空间利用、工程排水产生不利因素	敏感区	适宜性较好，地下水易受影响，较脆弱，对地下空间利用较适宜	3
地下水生态要素	地下开挖后改变地下水对地下空间利用、工程排水产生不利因素	不敏感区	适宜性好，地下水不易受影响，一般脆弱，对地下空间利用适宜	7
地下（地表）空间利用现状	涉及地表建筑、管线等，其建设状态对地下空间利用产生一定制约	利用率高	适宜性差，后期改造成本高，可能影响工程进度	3
		利用率中	适宜性较差，后期需要对部分工程进行改造	6
		利用率低	适宜性好，区内无原有地下、地表建筑工程	9

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表 2 研究区各评价分层适宜性指标层权重赋值表

Table 2. Weight of the suitability index of each evaluation layer in the study area

准则层	指标层	半地下空间	浅层地下空间	次浅层地下空间
地形地貌	高程	0.0704
地形地貌	坡度	0.0704	0.0890
工程地质条件	地质构造	0.0578	0.0465	0.0502
	工程地质岩组	0.1047	0.1027	0.0789
	第四系厚度（0.0530）	0.0318		0.0318
环境地质条件	岩溶塌陷	0.0817	0.0869	0.0919
环境地质条件	工程开挖程度	0.0408	0.0435	0.0459
水文地质条件	岩溶发育特征（0.0955）	0.0965	0.0730	0.0785
水文地质条件	地下水水位	0.1930	0.1460	0.1517
水生态环境	地表水体（0.0451）	0.1264	0.1495	0.1616
水生态环境	地下水生态要素	0.1264	0.1495	0.1616
地下空间利用现状	建筑（0.0455）		0.0533	0.0582
地下空间利用现状	管线（0.0455）		0.0266	0.0291
地表空间利用现状	道路（0.0278）		0.0135	0.0138
	广场（0.0278）		0.0341	0.0275
	绿地（0.0278）		0.0341	0.0138

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