石灰岩山地淡竹林“岩石-土壤-植物”的元素分布与迁移积聚特征

王江南; 冯火炬; 李百球; 方 楷; 施建敏

doi:10.11932/karst20180515

石灰岩山地淡竹林“岩石-土壤-植物”的元素分布与迁移积聚特征

doi: 10.11932/karst20180515

1.
江西农业大学林学院，南昌 330045/江西省竹子种质资源与利用重点实验室，南昌 330045
2.
江西省瑞昌市林业局，江西瑞昌 332200
3.
江西省地质调查研究院，南昌 330030

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（31260174、31660198）；江西省重点研发计划项目（20161BBF60082）

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出版历程
- 发布日期: 2018-10-25

Distribution, transportation and accumulation of mineral elements in a rock-soil-plant system of Phyllostachys glauca in limestone mountains

1.
College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
2.
Ruichang Bureau of Forestry, Ruichang, Jiangxi 333200, China
3.
Jiangxi Institute of Geological Survey, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330030, China

摘要

摘要: 本研究以石灰岩山地淡竹林为研究对象，测定了岩石、土壤和4种淡竹群落植物[优势种淡竹(Phyllostachys glauca)，伴生种枸骨(Ilex cornuta)、油茶(Camellia oleifera)和胡颓子(Elaeagnus pungens）]的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Mn和Na等9种元素含量，对元素迁移积聚特征进行了分析，结果表明：（1）淡竹林石灰岩Ca含量高（363.09 g· kg-1）；土壤Ca含量下降至2.68 g·kg-1，Fe、Al含量升高（48.12 g·kg-1、84.00 g·kg-1）；与土壤相比，植物N、P和Ca含量上升，其他元素含量则降低；（2）从岩石到土壤，Ca为纯迁移，迁移积累系数仅为0.01；Fe和Al明显富集，迁移积累系数分别高达9.98和14.10；从土壤到植物，N、Ca、P为富集，Fe、Al生物吸收系数很低，仅为1.41和2.08；（3）除K外，群落优势种淡竹的元素含量和生物吸收系数均小于伴生种。研究发现，强淋溶作用下淡竹林石灰岩发育为酸性红石灰土，其生长的植物均非喜钙植物；“岩石—土壤—植物”元素迁聚特征因土壤发育过程和植物种间特征而异，红石灰土Ca积累少；淡竹对土壤元素需求少可能是其在石灰岩生境占据竞争优势的生理基础。
- 喀斯特 /
- 红石灰土 /
- 群落组成 /
- 淋溶 /
- 生物吸收
Abstract: Discerning the transportation and accumulation of mineral elements in rock-soil-plant systems permits to guide the vegetation restoration in karst ecosystems. Rock, soil and four plant species including one dominant species Phyllostachys glauca, three auxiliary species Elaeagnus pungens, Camellia oleifera and Ilex cornutawere sampled in limestone mountains of Ruichang city, Jiangxi Province, China. Nine mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Mn, Na) were determined for the rock, soil and plant samples, and the characteristics of transportation and accumulation of these elements were analyzed. The results show that(1) the limestone in the Ph. glauca forest is high in Ca concentration (363.09 g· kg-1); the soil concentration of Ca (2.68 g·kg-1) and Mg (5.94 g· kg-1) are low, while the concentrations of Fe and Al are high with the values of 48.12 g· kg-1and 84.00 g· kg-1, respectively. The content of N, P and Ca in plant is higher than that in soil, the vice verse for other elements. (2) From rock to soil, Ca is largely lost by leaching with a transport coefficient of 0.01, while other elements are all accumulated. Fe and Al are in the top of transport coefficient rank with values of 9.98 and 14.10, respectively. From soil to plant, only N, Ca and P are accumulated in plants, and the content of other elements in plants is lower than that of in soil. The bio absorption coefficients of Fe and Al are very low with values of 1.41 and 2.08, respectively. (3) The element concentration and biological absorption coefficients of Ph. glauca are lower than that of three auxiliary species with the exception of element K. It indicates that limestone has developed into terra rossa under strong leaching. The four species growing in the terra rossa are all not calciphytes. The transportation and accumulation of mineral elements in the rock-soil-plant system change the different soil formation processes and plant species. Less element absorption of Ph. glauca may be the physiological basis for its domination in the limestone habitat.
- karst /
- rocky desertification /
- community composition /
- leaching /
- biological absorption

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