Effects of Paleozoic carbonate rock on shale gas accumulation and exploitation in southern China
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摘要: 中国南方古生界有利暗色页岩发育，但现页岩气勘探取得突破较少，主要原因是南方地质条件复杂，尤其是南方暗色页岩与碳酸盐岩间互发育，页岩气勘探开发面临复杂的碳酸盐岩地质问题。文章从国外勘探经验及近年来南方地区页岩气勘探实践中总结并详细分析了碳酸盐岩发育对页岩气成藏和开发控制的5大问题：（1）地表或近地表岩溶地质问题对开采的影响；（2）页岩目的层顶底板及其内部碳酸盐岩层对成藏和开采的影响；（3）页岩中碳酸盐类矿物含量对开采压裂的影响；（4）页岩层中天然裂缝被方解石充填对成藏的影响问题；（5）常规碳酸盐岩储层与非常规页岩共同成藏问题。建议在南方古生界开展页岩气勘探开发中，把碳酸盐岩本身储集成藏和碳酸盐岩对页岩气成藏、开采、钻井施工等的影响综合考虑，以总含油气系统的思路，综合选井，以促进南方古生界页岩气的勘探开发。Abstract: The dark shale of Paleozoic is widely present in southern China, but little progress has been made in exploration of shale gas. One reason for this is the co-existence of carbonate that complicates the geological condition. Based on experiences from abroad and southern China on this issue in recent years, this paper discusses five problems,(1) How the surface or nearsurface karst geology poses impact on exploitation of shale gas; (2) the influences of roof and floor of a shale layer and carbonate within the layer on the accumulation and mining; (3) the effect of carbonate mineral content in the shale on fracturing during production; (4) the influence of natural cracks in shale formation with calcite filling on gas accumulation; and (5) co-accumulation of conventional and carbonate reservoirs and unconventional shale reservoirs. Finally, this work suggests to make an comprehensive consideration on the exploration of shale gas in southern China, involving accumulation of carbonate itself and its effect on accumulation, exploitation, and drilling of shale gas. Thus a new line of thought on the hydrocarbon system can be established, which will guide reasonable deployment of drill holes and further exploration of shale gas.
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