石漠化区植被恢复过程凋落叶分解特征及其对土壤有机碳/氮的影响——以重庆中梁山为例

胡 宁; 马志敏; 蓝家程; 伍宇春; 傅瓦利; 袁 红; 娄露玲

doi:10.11932/karst20160510

石漠化区植被恢复过程凋落叶分解特征及其对土壤有机碳/氮的影响——以重庆中梁山为例

doi: 10.11932/karst20160510

1.
河南省新乡市地震局；西南大学地理科学学院
2.
河南省新乡市第一中学
3.
贵州师范大学中国南方喀斯特研究院
4.
西南大学地理科学学院
5.
湖南农业大学资源环境学院
6.
河南省新乡市地震局

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41072192；41202135）；重庆市院士专项（cstc2013jcjys2001）；岩溶动力学重点实验室开放课题项目（KDL2011-04）

计量
- 文章访问数: 1643
- HTML浏览量: 698
- PDF下载量: 1096
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 发布日期: 2016-10-25

Leaf litter decomposition characters and impact on soil organic carbon/nitrogen in different vegetation restorations of karst rocky desertification: An example of the Zhongliang mountain in Chongqing

1.
Seismological Bureau of Xinxiang,Xinxiang；School of Geographical Sciences,Southwest China University /Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir (Ministry of Education)
2.
The First Middle School of Xinxiang, Xinxiang
3.
Institute of South China Karst, Guizhou Normal University
4.
School of Geographical Sciences,Southwest China University /Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir (Ministry of Education)
5.
College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University
6.
Seismological Bureau of Xinxiang,Xinxiang

摘要

摘要: 运用凋落物分解袋及样品室内分析的方法，研究了石漠化脆弱生态区植被恢复不同阶段主要建群种凋落叶分解及有机碳、氮释放动态及其与土壤团聚体有机碳、氮之间的关系。结果表明：(1)各植被恢复阶段凋落叶分解系数介于0.73～1.33之间，不同阶段之间表现为，草地<灌丛<乔木林<灌乔林，人工樟树林介于乔木林与灌乔林之间。(2)各植被恢复阶段凋落叶有机碳、氮净释放率介于58.5%～72.9%与21.2%～63.9%之间，有机碳在分解期间表现为净释放，有机碳、氮释放率随植被恢复年限的延长呈增加的趋势。(3)凋落叶分解与养分释放对土壤有机碳、氮含量的提高有促进作用。其中，凋落叶分解系数与0.25～1 mm、<0.25 mm粒径团聚体轻组有机碳、氮之间关系密切。在植被恢复过程中，凋落叶分解速率及有机碳、氮释放率随恢复年限延长而呈增加趋势，凋落叶分解对土壤有机碳、氮有重要影响，轻组有机碳、氮优先向小粒径团聚体输入，小粒径团聚体在土壤有机碳、氮积累中有重要作用。凋落叶分解一方面能为植物生长提供养分，同时也促进土壤有机质的形成与积累，植被恢复过程中应加强水土保持、提高土壤层的养分保蓄与抗水土流失能力。
- 凋落叶分解 /
- 团聚体有机碳/氮 /
- 土壤有机碳/氮积累 /
- 植被恢复过程 /
- 石漠化
Abstract: Restoring vegetation and improving soil quality is key to the control of rocky desertification. Soil organic carbon/nitrogen is not only the key component of soil quality, but also the basic role in the soil fertility system. In this study the Shiqing village in Nanchuan, a typical man-made vegetation restoration base, and the Zhongliang mountain in Beibei, a typical natural vegetation restoration pattern, were chosen as the study sites. In these areas, some typical sample plots were selected based on the field investigation and leaf litter of dominant plant species was collected. Then the treated leaf litter was filled into litter bags and was buried in the respective sample plots. At the same time, some 0-10 cm layered soil samples were collected in the vicinity of buried litter bag site in every experimental plot. In order to probe into leaf litter decomposition characters in the process of vegetation recovery, and the impact of leaf litter decay on soil organic carbon/nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen supply in karst rocky desertification areas, leaf litter decomposition rate of dominant plant species and organic carbon/nitrogen release rate were examined using the litter bag burying method, and the correlation between leaf litter decomposition and soil organic/nitrogen was analyzed in this study. On the basis of this analysis, this work discussed the key aggregate-size in the process of organic/nitrogen accumulation. The main results are as follows, the coefficient k of leaf litter decomposition varies from 0.73 to 1.33. On different sampling lands, the k value shows a tendency of grass land < brush land < arbor land < brush-arbor land .The k value of Cinnamomum camphora tree land is greater than arbor land and less than shrub-arbor land. With the extension of vegetation recovery, leaf litter decomposition rate increases. At the same time, organic carbon of leaf litter shows a releasing status during the decomposition period; and the release rate of organic carbon varies in 58.5%-72.9%, while the release rate of organic nitrogen varies in 21.2%-63.9%. The study results also show that the leaf litter decomposition rate and organic carbon/nitrogen release rates are controlled mainly by the initial nitrogen content and C/N ratio of leaf litter. Furthermore, there is a significantly positive relationship between the leaf litter decomposition rate and the light fraction organic carbon/nitrogen contents of the soil aggregate of 0.25-1 mm and <0.25 mm classes. Accordingly, the light fraction organic carbon/nitrogen is preference of the process to smaller aggregate-sizes in the leaf litter decomposition period. So in the process of accumulation, active organic carbon and nitrogen are in superior to the smaller sizes of aggregate, and the smaller size aggregates play an important role in this process. Therefore, the leaf litter decomposition is an important role in the vegetation recovery process. On one hand, the litter decomposition could provide nutrients for plant growth; on the other hand, it could promote the formation and accumulation of soil organic matters. In the process of vegetation succession, the work of soil and water conservation should be strengthened, so as to improve the capacity of absorption and storage of soil nutrients.
- leaf litter decomposition /
- soil aggregates organic carbon/nitrogen /
- soil organic carbon/nitrogen accumulation /
- vegetation restoration process /
- karst rocky desertification

HTML

参考文献(40)

[1]	Polyakova O, Billor N.Impact of deciduous tree species on litter fall quality,decomposition rates and nutrient circulation in pine stands［J］.Forest Ecology and Management,2007,253(1-3):11-18.
[2]	Wang Q K, Wang S L, Huang Y. Comparisons of litter fall, litter decomposition and nutrient return in a monoculture Cunninghamia lanceolata and a mixed stand in southern China［J］. Forest Ecology and Management, 2008,255(3-4):1210-1218.
[3]	Nave L E, Vance E D, Swanston C W, et al. Impacts of elevated N inputs on north temperate forest soil C storage, C/N, and net N-mineralization.［J］. Geoderma,2009,153(1-2):231-240.
[4]	Szanser M, Ilieva-Makulec K, Kajak A, et al. Impact of litter species diversity on decomposition processes and communities of soil organisms［J］. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(1):9-19.
[5]	杨玉盛,郭剑芬,林鹏,等.格氏栲天然林与人工林枯枝落叶层碳库及养分库［J］.生态学报,2004,24(2):359-367.
[6]	Vitousek P M, Turner D R, Parton W J, et al. Litter Decomposition on the Mauna Loa Environmental Matrix, Hawai’i: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Models［J］. Ecology, 1994, 75(2):418-429.
[7]	王景燕,胡庭兴,龚伟,等.天然林人工更新后枯落物对土壤微生物数量及有效养分含量的影响［J］.四川农业大学学报,2010,28(3):285-290.
[8]	葛晓改,肖文发,曾立雄,等.不同林龄马尾松凋落物基质质量与土壤养分的关系［J］.生态学报,2012,32(3):852-862.
[9]	蓝家程,傅瓦利,袁波,等.岩溶山区土地利用方式对土壤活性有机碳及其分布的影响［J］. 中国岩溶,2011,30(2):175-180.
[10]	侯玲玲,毛子军,孙涛,等.小兴安岭十种典型森林群落凋落物生物量及其动态变化［J］.生态学报,2013,33(6):1994-2002.
[11]	陈强,赵雨森,辛颖,等.大兴安岭北坡火烧迹地植被恢复后枯落物与土壤持水能力研究［J］.土壤通报,2013,44(2):308-313.
[12]	李海涛,于贵瑞,李家永,等.亚热带红壤丘陵区四种人工林凋落物分解动态及养分释放［J］.生态学报,2007,27(3):898-908.
[13]	季晓燕,江洪,洪江华,等.模拟酸雨对亚热带三个树种凋落叶分解速率及分解酶活性的影响［J］.环境科学学报,2013,33(7):2027-2035.
[14]	武启骞,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.季节性雪被对高山森林凋落物分解的影响［J］. 植物生态学报,2013,37(4):296-305.
[15]	史学军,潘剑君,陈锦盈,等.不同类型凋落物对土壤有机碳矿化的影响［J］. 环境科学,2009,30(6):1832-1837.
[16]	宋影,辜夕容,严海元,等.中亚热带马尾松林凋落物分解过程中的微生物与酶活性动态［J］.环境科学,2014,35(3):1151-1158.
[17]	俞国松,王世杰,容丽,等.茂兰喀斯特森林主要演替群落的凋落物动态［J］. 植物生态学报,2011,35(10):1019-1028.
[18]	黄宗胜,符裕红,喻理飞.喀斯特森林植被自然恢复中凋落物现存量及其碳库特征演化［J］.林业科学研究,2013,26(1):8-14.
[19]	贾红杰,傅瓦利,甄晓君,等.岩溶山区不同利用方式下土地蓄水能力研究：以重庆市中梁山为例［J］.中国岩溶,2007,26(4):304-309.
[20]	曾昭霞,王克林,曾馥平,等.桂西北喀斯特区原生林与次生林凋落叶降解和养分释放［J］.生态学报,2012,32(9):2720-2728.
[21]	曾昭霞,王克林,刘孝利,等.桂西北喀斯特森林植物-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征［J］.植物生态学报,2015,39(7):682-693.
[22]	胡宁,马志敏,蓝家程,等.石漠化山地植被恢复过程土壤团聚体氮分布及与氮素矿化关系研究［J］.环境科学,2015,36(9):3411-3421.
[23]	中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析［M］.上海:上海科技出版社,1978.
[24]	Bhogal A, Hatch D J, Shepherd M A, et al. Comparison of methodologies for field measurement of net nitrogen mineralization in arable soils ［J］. Plant and Soil,1999,207(1):15-28.
[25]	Hatch D J, Bhogal A, Lovell R D, et al. Comparisons of different methodologies for field measurement of net nitrogen mineralization in pasture soils under different soil conditions ［J］. Biology and Fertility of Soils,2000,32(4):287-293.
[26]	鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法［M］.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[27]	马志良,高顺,杨万勤,等.亚热带常绿阔叶林6个常见树种凋落叶在不同降雨期的分解特征［J］.生态学报,2015,35(22):7553-7561.
[28]	Olson J S.Energy Storage and the Balance of Producers and Decomposers in Ecological Systems［J］.Ecology,1963,44(2):322-331.
[29]	刘忠宽,汪诗平,韩建国,等.内蒙古温带典型草原植物凋落物和根系的分解及养分动态的研究［J］.草业学报,2005,14(1):24-30.
[30]	曲浩,赵学勇,赵哈林,等.科尔沁沙地3种灌木凋落物分解速率及其与关键气象因子的关系［J］.中国沙漠,2010,30(4):844-849.
[31]	Yang X, Chen J. Plant litter quality influences the contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition in humid tropical forests, southwestern China［J］. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009,41(5):910-918.
[32]	胡宁,袁红,蓝家程,等.岩溶石漠化区不同植被恢复模式土壤无机磷形态特征及影响因素［J］.生态学报,2014,34(24):7393-7402.
[33]	曾德慧,陈广生.生态化学计量学:复杂生命系统奥秘的探索［J］.植物生态学报,2005,29(6):1007-1019.
[34]	杨继松,刘景双,于君宝,等.三江平原沼泽湿地枯落物分解及其营养动态［J］.生态学报,2006,26(5):1297-1302.
[35]	Kchy M, Wilson S D.Litter Decomposition and Nitrogen Dynamics in Aspen Forest and Mixed-Grass Prairie［J］. Ecology,1997, 78(3):732-739.
[36]	赵其国,王明珠.我国热带亚热带森林凋落物及其对土壤的影响［J］.土壤,1991, 23(1):8-15.
[37]	Gerzabek M H, Haberhauer G, Kirchmann H. Soil organic matter pools and carbon-13 natural abundance in particle-size fractions of along-term agricultural field experiment receiving organic amendments ［J］. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2001,65(2): 352-358.
[38]	Razafimbelo T M, Albrecht A, Oliver R, et al. Aggregate associated-C and physical protection in a tropical clayey soil under Malagasy conventional and no-tillage systems［J］. Soil and Tillage Research,2008,98(2):140-149.
[39]	邱莉萍,张兴昌,张晋爱.黄土高原长期培肥土壤团聚体中养分和酶的分布［J］.生态学报,2006,26(2):364-372.
[40]	Tisdall J M, Oades J M. Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils［J］. Journal of Soil Science, 1982, 33(2):141-163.