Abstract: As the implementation of comprehensive treatment projectfor karst rocky desertification in China was due in 2015, it is necessary to provide technical support to the scientific formulation for the further stage of rocky desertification prevention and control policies. In this paper, we first introduce the general situation of the first phase of the project and evaluatethe effect of prevention and treatment at this phase. Then from the karst ecosystem vulnerability, the conflict between people and land, regional poverty, the complexity of the project, the task of governance and control situation and natural disasters and other points of view, weaddress the issues on challenges in implementing the project in respect of desertification control and associated stressing factors that impact onrocky desertification prevention and control task, as well asthe grim situationof prevention and treatment.We point out that the implementation of rocky desertification comprehensive treatment engineering cannot be done overnight.It should be fully realized that it is a long-term and arduous process of governance.At the same time from the importance of ecological location, national unity, living space and ecological safety, establishing a good image in the international ecological civilization construction and governance, consolidating the achievement of national policies and the requirements of the times and analysis, we further elucidate the practical significance and necessity to promote rocky desertification comprehensive treatment of the secondstage of the project. We show that it is the realistic demandfor our country to continue to promote the rocky desertification control project, indicating the leadership between national policyand the desire of masses.In sum, it is necessary and urgent to continue to carry out this project.