Time lags variance of groundwater level response to precipitation of Jinan karst spring watershed in recent 50 years
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摘要: 依据近50年降水及年均水位等的差异，将1959-2011年济南岩溶泉域地下水位与降水观测数据划分为若干时段。采用小波变换方法定量分析了泉域地下水位对降水的响应时滞，并采用相关分析讨论了时滞与地下水开采量等的关系。结果表明，(1)泉域地下水位与降水的主周期均为1 a。(2)两种划分方式下，泉域排泄区水位时滞分别为83.44~161.24 d、88.62~150.56 d，径流区水位时滞分别为67.87~81.66 d、76.58~82.21 d，径流区水位时滞明显小于排泄区。(3)依据降水划分的时段，排泄区与径流区均有随年降水减少，水位时滞增加的趋势。(4)依据水位划分的时段，排泄区有随水位降低，时滞增加的趋势，而径流区不明显。(5)泉域水位时滞与泉域地下水开采量、泉群流量等存在相关关系，泉域开采量越大，泉群流量越小，则水位时滞相对越大。上述时滞差异分析，有助于增加地下水位与降水之间的非线性耦合过程的认识，可为地下水位的预报预警提供帮助。Abstract: Recent 50 years, both groundwater level data and precipitation data were devided into several time periods in this paper. The time lags of groundwater levels to precipitation were quantitatively analyzed by using the method of cross wavelet analysis; and the relationships between the time lags and groundwater abstraction etc. were also studied by correlation analysis. The results show that, (1)The main periodicities of both groundwater level and precipitation are 1 a. (2)The time lags of groundwater levels of discharge area are 83.44-161.24 d and 88.62-150.56 d by the two divisions, while the time lags of runoff area are 67.87-81.66 d and 76.58-82.21 d, respectively, which is significantly less than the time lags of discharge area. (3) According to precipitation, a trend that the less the precipitation and the larger the time lag can be concluded in both runoff and discharge areas. (4)Taking into account the groundwater levels, the time lag becomes larger while the groundwater level is lower in discharge area. This case does not occur in runoff area. (5)Correlation relationship is obvious between the time lag and groundwater exploitation and spring discharge. The larger the exploitation and the less the spring discharge, the larger the time lags. Analyzing time lag variances of groundwater levels to precipitation can provide knowledge on their nonlinear coupling processes, which will be benefit to the forecast of groundwater levels.
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