喀斯特洞穴体系元素迁移及环境指示研究进展

李 渊; 刘子琦; 吕小溪

doi:10.11932/karst20160311

喀斯特洞穴体系元素迁移及环境指示研究进展

doi: 10.11932/karst20160311

贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院/国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心

基金项目: 国家“十三五”重点研发计划课题（2016YFC0502607）；贵州省科技计划重大专项(黔科合重大专项字[2014]6007号)；贵州师范大学研究生创新基金(研创201518)

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出版历程
- 发布日期: 2016-06-25

Review of research on element migration and environmental indicators in karst cave systems

School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control

摘要

摘要: 洞穴滴水与沉积物中的元素作为环境替代指标，在反映其物质来源以及反演古环境气候的研究中有着重要的作用，已受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上，概述了喀斯特洞穴体系中的元素迁移机理，重点对土壤、基岩、滴水中Ca、Mg、Sr、Ba四种元素的迁移变化机制进行了系统归纳；结合环境影响因素，分析了各元素的来源与特性，进而对滴水与沉积物中元素比值所反映的环境指示意义进行了综述。同时提出，应深入探究洞穴体系的元素迁移机制；结合洞穴环境体系的自身特点，区分元素指标在不同环境中的信息指示特征，提高沉积物中元素指示古气候环境信息的精准性；结合石漠化地表环境特征，从洞穴滴水的降雨响应研究入手，建立石漠化环境地下监测指标体系。
- 元素迁移 /
- 滴水 /
- 沉积物 /
- 环境 /
- 石漠化
Abstract: Using geologic carriers in cave systems to explore palaeoenvironment proxies has been conducted for many years. Elements in drip water and speleothem of cave as environment proxies are crucial in tracing their material sources, palaeoenvironments and palaeoclimate, which is commonly accepted by worldwide academics. Elements migration is mainly in the form of solution in karst cave systems, owing to dissolution and eluviation effects of rainwater on ground vegetation, soil and bedrock. It includes physical and chemical processes which control the element dissolution, migration and precipitation. It is an activation (dissolution)-migration (displacement)-combination (precipitation) reaction, which is influenced not only by climatic and environment (temperature, rainfall, CO2, etc.), but also by temporalspatial variation (migration path, residence time, etc.), while driven and restricted by CO2-H2O-CaCO3 circulation. Distinct differences exist in both element migration under different soil-rock conditions and element characters in the media of soil and bedrock, together with spatial heterogeneity of elements migration, all of which influence the material source of drip water and speleothem. Therefore, understanding the element sources of drip water and element migration mechanism in cave systems is a theoretical basis and premise for exploring element as environment proxies. This review is based on previous studies and outlines element migration mechanisms in karst cave systems. It focuses on systematical generalization of migration and variation mechanisms of Ca, Mg, Sr, and Ba in soil, bedrock and drip water. Sources and characters of each element are analyzed with environment impact factors. Then it summarizes the environment indicative significance which is reflected by element ratios in drip water and speleothem. Meanwhile,problems and prospects are pointed out for the research of element migration and environmental indicators in cave systems as follows,(1) Current explanation is unclear for the element migration in cave systems, because the migration process of karst water in cave roofs is complex and difficult to observe. So it is an emphasis in future study. (2) Cave drips and speleothem have diversities in their distribution coefficients due to the difference in time scales and media. In addition, environmental differences in study areas can lead to uncertainties and multiplicities in environmental indicator significances of element ratios. Here this review suggests to commence from environmental response mechanism of drip elements. Then we analyze the sensitive response changes of element proxies in drip water to different environments. Next we differentiate the material sources and response features of drip elements in different environments. Thus we can support speleothem research and enhance the accuracy of paleoclimate proxies. (3) We should commence from high-resolution rainfall response of cave drips and combine with surface environment features of rocky desertification. Then we extract sensitive indicators from drip water information of rainfall responses to reflect migration mechanisms of karst water, along with material sources of drip water. Thus we can establish an indicator system for underground monitoring under a rocky desertification environment, which provides scientific reference for the evolution process of the ecological environment with rocky desertification.
- element migration /
- drip water /
- sedimentary /
- environment /
- rocky desertification

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