林歹二矿岩溶型铝土矿区藓类植物多样性及其生态分布特征研究

籍 烨; 张朝晖

doi:10.11932/karst20150609

林歹二矿岩溶型铝土矿区藓类植物多样性及其生态分布特征研究

doi: 10.11932/karst20150609

籍烨,
张朝晖

贵州师范大学,贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31360043;31160042)

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出版历程
- 发布日期: 2015-12-25

Biodiversity of bryophytes and their characteristics of ecological distribution in the second Lindai karst bauxite area

Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province , Guizhou Normal University

摘要

摘要: 文章对贵州省清镇市站街镇林歹二矿铝土矿区的四种不同生态环境下的藓类植物生物多样性及其生态分布特征进行研究。结果表明，共有藓类植物10科22属37种，其中丛藓科（Pottiaceae）、青藓科（Brachytheciaceae）和灰藓科(Hypnaceae)为本矿区的优势科，真藓属（Bryum）、曲柄藓属（Campyloopus）、毛口藓属（Trichostomum）和青藓属(Brachythecium)为优势属。黄牛毛藓（Ditrichum pallidum）、疣肋曲柄藓（Campylopus schwarzii）、日本大丛藓（Molendoa japonica）等为优势种；铝土矿区苔藓植物生活型以矮丛集型居多；单一物种群落在这一矿区的苔藓植物群落中占有一定优势。苔藓植物的Shannon-Wiener指数和丰富度指数均表现为油菜种植区多样性指数最高，其次为矿区树林区，废石堆积区和细小矿石及矿土堆积恢复区这类受人类活动影响较大的地区苔藓植物多样性指数较小；Pielous均匀度指数表现为矿区树林区（0.8525)>废石堆积区（0.8327）>矿区油菜种植区（0.7650）>细小矿石及矿土堆积恢复区（0.6229）; β多样性指数表现为细小矿石及矿土堆积恢复区—废石堆积区（0.5000）最高，最低为细小矿石及矿土堆积恢复区—矿区树林区（0.1538）。主成分分析（PCA）结果显示出细小矿石及矿土堆积恢复区和废石堆积区中的苔藓植物组成有较大差异性，小曲尾藓（Dicranella grevilleana）和长尖扭口藓（Barbula ditrichoides）分别是矿土堆积恢复区和废石堆积区的特征种。相关性较高的苔藓植物种类在岩溶型铝土矿区环境中经常伴随生长。
- 岩溶型铝土矿 /
- 苔藓植物 /
- 生物多样性 /
- 主成分分析
Abstract: This paper studied the bryophytes' biodiversity as well as their metallic elements of the growth substrate. The bryophytes were found in four different ecological environments in the second Lindai bauxite region in Zhanjie town of Qingzhen city,Guizhou province. As discovered in the study area, 37 bryophytic species belong to 22 genera and 10 families, of which Pottiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Hypnaceae are the dominant families, Bryum, Campyloopus, Trichostomum, Brachythecium are the dominant genera and Ditrichum pallidum,Campylopus schwarzii, Molendoa japonica are the dominant species. The short turfs are the majority;and single-species community is the dominant community in this bauxite area.In this paper, Shannon-wiener and richness indexes were analyzed respectively.The results show that the diversity is highest in rapeseed planting area, followed by forest area in bauxite region.The diversity index is comparatively low in waste rock pile and bauxite soil dump rehabilitation areas, which have been heavily influenced by human activities. Pielous index in forest area is 0.8525, in waste rock pile area is 0.8327,in rapeseed planting area is 0.7650 and0.6229 in bauxite waste dump rehabilitation area. However, the β diversity index indicates that the highest biodiversity index (0.500) occurs in the bauxite soil dump rehabilitation and waste rock pile areas, while the lowest value(0.1538) occurs in the bauxite soil dump rehabilitation area and forest area in bauxite region. Furthermore, PCA results show that the bryophyte composition in bauxite soil dump rehabilitation area is different from that of waste rock pile area, characterised by the representative species Dicranella grevilleana and Barbula ditrichoides occur in the different areas, respectively. The bryophyte species with close species correlation are found to have attendant growth in karst bauxite mines.
- karst bauxite /
- bryophyte /
- biodiversity /
- PCA

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