桂江流域地下水污染途径及防控措施研究

何愿; 张颖; 朱明

doi:10.11932/karst20150412

桂江流域地下水污染途径及防控措施研究

doi: 10.11932/karst20150412

广西壮族自治区地质环境监测总站

基金项目: 国土资源部地调项目(1212011121166、1212011121164);973计划项目 (2011CB201001);国家科技支撑计划项目 (2012BAJ11B04)及国土资源部公益性行业专项(201211082)共同资助

计量
- 文章访问数: 1772
- HTML浏览量: 330
- PDF下载量: 1832
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 发布日期: 2015-08-25

The pollutant infiltration pathways and measures to control groundwater pollution in the Guijiang River drainage system

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Geological Environmental Monitoring Station

摘要

摘要: 对桂江流域开展岩溶地下水污染调查发现：流域内地下水污染源分为“三氮”污染源、重金属污染源、有机污染源三类；“三氮”污染源主要包括工业、养殖和生活三类污水、生活垃圾渗滤液、农业施用氮肥等；重金属污染主要来自工矿企业；有机污染来自工业、养殖业。污染途径主要有孤峰平原的分散入渗式、孤峰平原的脚洞灌入式、峰丛洼地的消水洞灌入式、溶丘谷地的入渗式和峰丛峰林谷地的天窗灌入式等五类。并对88组地下水样品测试结果进行多指标地下水污染综合评价,结果表明36.5%的水点为“三氮”污染，多以分散入渗进入地下水，其污染形态呈面状分布；15.3%的水点为重金属污染，主要通过峰丛洼地消水洞灌入式补给和溶丘谷地入渗补给两种途径，呈点状分布于污染场地附近；3.49%的水点为有机污染，主要为分散入渗补给途径，污染呈短线状或点状分布。
- 岩溶地下水 /
- 污染源 /
- 污染途径 /
- 桂江流域
Abstract: The investigation of karstic groundwater pollution in areas of Guijiang River has recently been completed; and our research findings show that the pollution sources can basically be categorized into nitrogenous, heavy metal and organic compounds. Among them the nitrogenous (nitrite, nitrate and ammonia) pollutants were mainly derived from industrial activity, livestock farming, domestic sewage and waste and the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, while heavy metal pollutions are attributed to industrial and mining activities and organic compounds to the impact of industries and livestock farming. In this case, the patterns of pollutants that migrate downward to reach the karst groundwater include diffuse and concentrated infiltrations, of which the former usually happens at isolated peak karst plains , rocky hill karst valleys. Concentrated infiltrations largely take place at the sink points in isolated-peak karst plain,the ponors in peak-cluster depressions and karst windows in peak-cluster and hoodookarst valleys. Systematic tests and analyses were performed to evaluate the rate of groundwater pollution. Results show that nitrogenous pollutions occur in 36.5% of the water samples which are broadly distributed over the karst autogenic recharge area in a diffuse infiltration manner. In the meantime, heavy metals in 15.3% water samples are above the directives of water quality regulations; and these point pollution sources enter groundwater via concentrated infiltration largely happens at the localities as sink points and ponors in peak-cluster poljes and via diffuse infiltration in the karst valleys. As heavy metals are easily absorbed by sediments, karst groundwater around the pollution sources has been more likely contaminated. Organic compounds were detected in 3.49% of the water samples, which are distributed at the downstream of the alluvial plain; and the pollutants that infiltrate into groundwater demonstrate a feature of short linear or point pollution because of the low hydraulic gradients of the groundwater.
- karst ground water /
- pollution source /
- pollution pathway /
- Guijiang drainage system

HTML

参考文献(15)

[1]	钱小鄂，吴少斌.广西龙江流域水环境状况及地下水资源潜力评价［J］.广西地质，2001,14(4):37-40.
[2]	郭芳，姜光辉，裴建国，等.广西主要地下河水质评价及其变化趋势［J］.中国岩溶，2002，21（3）：195-205.
[3]	贾亚男.农业土地利用对岩溶地下水影响研究综述［J］.中国岩溶，2003，22（4）：306-317.
[4]	黄晨晖，时坚，莫日生.近三十年来刁江流域水质状况的对比分析及其防治建议［J］.环境研究与监测，2009，22：14-19.
[5]	朱贤明，韦健强.广西刁江流域岩溶水质变化特征及其成因分析［J］.中国高新技术企业，2009,19：130-131.
[6]	于晓英，邹胜章，唐健生，等.广西省柳州鸡喇地下河流域地下水复合污染特征与成因分析［J］.安徽农业科学，2009，37（8）：3645-3653.
[7]	王开然，郭芳，姜光辉，等. 桂林峰林平原区岩溶含水层氮污染空间分布特征［J］. 环境科学研究，2013，26(3) : 281-286．
[8]	中国地质调查局. 1∶25万区域地下水污染调查评价技术要求［S］. 2011:28-30.
[9]	《桂林经济社会统计年鉴》编委会.桂林经济社会统计年鉴-2010［M］.北京：中国统计出版社，2010：197-200.
[10]	桂林市环境保护局. 2010年桂林市环境状况公报［R］. 2010.
[11]	张磊，宋凤斌.土壤吸附重金属的影响因素研究现状及展望［J］.土壤通报，2005，36（4）：628-631.
[12]	刘绍华，郭芳，姜光辉，等.桂林市峰林平原区岩溶水文地球化学特征［J］.地球与环境，2015,43（1）：55-65.
[13]	韦丽丽，郭芳，王健哲，等.柳州岩溶地下河水体有机氯农药分布特征［J］.中国岩溶，2011，30（1）：16-21.
[14]	孔祥胜，祁士华，Oramah I T，等.广西百朗地下河水和沉积物中有机氯农药的分布特征［J］.中国岩溶，2010，29（4）：363-370.
[15]	李录娟，邹胜章.综合指数法和模糊综合法在地下水质量评价中的对比:以遵义市为例［J］.中国岩溶，2014，33（1）：22-30.