Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residuals in the top soils from typical orchards and their risk evaluation in the Lijiang River watershed
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摘要: 通过评价漓江流域果园土壤农药残留及其风险,为桂林国际旅游胜地创建提供建设性的建议。在重要的葡萄园、柑橘园和桃园采集表土,分析其27种有机氯、磷农药残留,运用土壤环境质量标准、食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准、食品中农药最大残留限量标准等,结合时间代替空间的方法进行评价。漓江流域典型果园表土中,所检测的6种有机磷和21种有机氯农药中16种的残留量在报出限之下,检出率为0%和24%。检出的有机氯农药为滴滴涕总量(DDTs)、对,对滴滴伊(p,pDDE)、对,对滴滴涕(p,pDDT)、六六六总量(HCHs)和乙体六六六(βHCH),其质量分数分别为<0.50~10.67 ng/g、<0.50~8.32 ng/g、<0.70~2.35 ng/g、<0.50~0.64 ng/g和<0.50~0.64 ng/g,检出率为68.8%、68.8%、6.3%、6.3%和6.3%。就桃园、葡萄园和柑橘园而言,表土滴滴涕和六六六的检出率分别为33.3%、25%、100%和0%、0%、6.3%,并分析出柑橘园表土滴滴涕和六六六均源于历史上工业品的使用。三大果园表土达到Ⅰ类土壤环境质量,为清洁的农产品产地土壤环境,生产的柑橘、葡萄和桃有机氯、磷再残留量风险低。Abstract: This paper studies the residual pesticides in orchard soils in the catchment of Lijiang River, with the intention of providing valuable suggestions for the development of Guilin International Tourist Resort.The surface soils from the vineyard, the citrus orchard and the peach garden in the Lijiang watershed were sampled to analyze the residual levels of 27 kinds of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). With the method of time succession sequence instead of spatial sequence ,their risks were assessed by using maximum residual limits (MRLs) in Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995) and Farmland Environmental Quality Evaluation Standard for Edible Agricultural Products(HJ 332-2006), as well as extraneous maximum residue limits(EMRLs) in National Food Safety Standard-Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food(GB2763-2014). The results show that the concentrations of all 6 OPPs, including methamidophos ,acephate ,dipterex ,dimethoate ,parathion-methyl and malathion, fall below the reported limit ranges; and alike case occurs in 16 out of 21 OCPs analyzed, including toxaphene, atrazine, alachlor,hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), delta-hexachlorocyclohexane (δ-HCH), heptachlor, heptachlorepoxide, aldrin, α-chlordane, γ-chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, o,p-DDT, and p,p-DDD. The contents of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDTs),p,p-DDE,p,p-DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane(HCHs) and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) are below the range of 0.50-10.67 ng/g, 0.50-8.32 ng/g, 0.70-2.35 ng/g, 0.50-0.64 ng/g and 0.50-0.64 ng/g, respectively, with point detection percentages of 68.8%, 68.8%, 6.3%, 6.3% , 6.3%, which are originated from historic usage of the chemical DDT and HCH. The detection percentages are 33%, 25% and 100% for DDTs and 0%, 0% and 6.3% for HCHs in the peach garden and the vineyard and the citrus orchard, respectively. On the basis of topsoil OCPs and OPPs residual levels and according to the soil environmental quality standard GB15618-1995, the soils in three orchards reach the first class which is suitable for the cultivation of safe agricultural products such as citrus, grape, peach and etc.in the Lijiang area.
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Key words:
- Lijiang watershed /
- orchard /
- organochlorine pesticides /
- organophosphorus pesticides
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