Rocky desertification control issues in the context of priority for ecological function in karst areas of southwest China
-
摘要: 文章分析了现有石漠化治理模式、物种选择、石漠化治理综合效益评估、消除贫困等方面存在的不足,并结合国家对西南岩溶石漠化区主体生态功能的定位,对未来石漠化治理过程中的几个关键问题进行了探讨,认为未来石漠化治理要更有效地兼顾生态与经济效益,提高生态补偿标准,完善生态补偿体制,促进石漠化区农村人口的城镇化转移,减少人口压力,消除农户破坏环境的驱动因素,促进石漠化治理成效的长期可持续发展,以保证西南岩溶石漠化区水土保持和生物多样性维护主体生态功能的实现。Abstract: Strong karstification in southwest China has formed a special karst surface water and groundwater cycle. Surface water leakage, soil erosion, rocky desertification, water shortages and environmental problems are significant. Soil and water conservation and biodiversity protection in the karst rocky desertification areas of southwest China are the main targets for karst rocky desertification management. Adjustment of development objectives has led to the proposal of these new requirements for rocky desertification control. Therefore, management of karst rocky desertification will be improved by investigating the issues of rocky desertification control and seeking new countermeasures and directions for rocky desertification control. Through field investigation and literature review, deficiencies in existing rocky desertification control modes, species selection, the benefits of rocky desertification control and poverty elimination were analyzed. Combined with the national position on management of karst rocky desertification control areas in southwest China, the key issues are addressed, maintenance and enhancement of rocky desertification control in the context of multiple constraints; efficiency of the comprehensive management of resource use and assessment of the benefits of rocky desertification control; environmental benefits of rocky desertification control; economic development in the context of areas under rocky desertification control management and future rocky desertification control. It is considered that future rocky desertification control should encompass both environmental and economic benefits, and improve ecological compensation standards and ecological compensation system. In order to promote long-term sustainable effecitiveness development of rocky desertification control and ensure soil and water conservation and protect biodiversity in southwest China, urban migration should be promoted in rocky desertification areas to reduce population pressures and eliminate the driving factor of farmers destroying the environment. Special recommendations are proposed as follows,(1) Strengthen breeding characteristics of economic species and researching the key control technology of rocky desertification control pattern; (2) Improve the construction of inter-basin ecological compensation mechanism, and raise the farmers ecological compensation standards and gradually eliminate the damage to the environment by farmers; (3) Accelerate rural urbanization.
-
Key words:
- ecological function /
- planning /
- karst /
- rocky desertification control
-
[1] 陈家瑞,曹建华,梁毅,等. 石灰土发育过程中土壤腐殖质组成及其与土壤钙赋存形态关系[J]. 中国岩溶, 2012, 31(1): 7-11. [2] 王世杰. 喀斯特石漠化概念演绎及其科学内涵的探讨[J]. 中国岩溶, 2002, 21(2): 101-105. [3] 李阳兵,谢德体,魏朝富,等. 西南岩溶山地生态脆弱性研究[J]. 中国岩溶, 2002, 21(1): 25-29. [4] 覃小群,朱明秋,蒋忠诚. 近年来我国西南岩溶石漠化研究进展[J]. 中国岩溶, 2006, 25(3): 234-238. [5] 国家林业局. 2012年中国石漠化检测公报[R]. 国家林业局, 2012. [6] 王世杰,季宏兵. 碳酸盐岩风化成土作用的初步研究[J]. 中国科学:D辑,1999, 29(5): 441-449. [7] 袁建平. 土壤侵蚀强度分级标准适用性初探[J]. 水土保持通报,1999, 19(6): 54-57. [8] 李阳兵,王世杰,王济. 岩溶生态系统的土壤特性及其今后研究方向[J]. 中国岩溶, 2006, 25(4): 285-289. [9] 杨世凡,安裕伦. 生态恢复背景下喀斯特地区植被覆盖的时空变化:以黔中地区为例[J]. 地球与环境, 2014,42(3): 404-412. [10] 喻理飞,叶镜中. 退化喀斯特森林自然恢复评价研究[J]. 林业科学, 2000, 36(6): 12-19. [11] 张军以,王腊春,苏维词,等. 岩溶地区人类活动的水文效应研究现状及展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014,33(8):1125-1135. [12] 樊杰. 我国主体功能区划的科学基础[J]. 地理学报, 2007, 62(4): 339-350. [13] 王成超,杨玉盛. 基于农户生计演化的山地生态恢复研究综述[J]. 自然资源学报, 2011, 26(2): 344-352. [14] 李先琨,吕仕洪,蒋忠诚,等. 喀斯特峰丛区复合农林系统优化与植被恢复试验[J]. 自然资源学报, 2005,20(1): 92-98. [15] 肖华,熊康宁,张浩,等. 喀斯特石漠化治理模式研究进展[J]. 中国人口?资源与环境, 2014,24(3):330-334. [16] 胡宝清,蒋树芳,廖赤眉,等. 基于3S技术的广西喀斯特石漠化驱动机制图谱分析:以广西壮族自治区为例[J]. 山地学报, 2006,24(2): 234-241. [17] 国家林业局防治荒漠化管理中心,国家林业局中南林业调查规划设计院. 石漠化综合治理模式[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2012. [18] DeVore J L ,Maerz J C. Grass invasion increases top-down pressure on an amphibian via structurally mediated effects on an intraguild predator[J]. Ecology, 2014, 95(7): 1724-1730. [19] 贾海江,唐赛春,李先琨,等. 三叶鬼针草对岩溶木本植物任豆和香椿的化感作用[J]. 广西科学, 2008, 15(4): 436-440. [20] 蒋忠诚,裴建国,夏日元,等. 我国“十一五”期间的岩溶研究进展与重要活动[J]. 中国岩溶, 2010,29(4): 349-354. [21] 吴孔运,蒋忠诚,罗为群. 喀斯特石漠化地区生态恢复重建技术及其成果的价值评估:以广西平果县果化示范区为例[J]. 地球与环境, 2007,35(2): 159-165. [22] 王德炉,喻理飞,熊康宁. 喀斯特石漠化综合治理效果的初步评价:以花江为例[J]. 山地农业生物学报, 2005,24(3): 233-238. [23] 吴鹏,朱军,崔迎春,等. 喀斯特地区石漠化综合治理生态效益指标体系构建及评价:以杠寨小流域为例[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2014, 34(10): 95-101. [24] 杨小青,胡宝清,曹少英. 喀斯特山区石漠化生态治理效益模糊综合评价:以广西都安瑶族自治县为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2008, 24(2): 22-26. [25] 王恒松,熊康宁,刘云. 黔西北典型喀斯特小流域综合治理的生态效益研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012,28(8): 62-68. [26] 米锋,李吉跃,杨家伟. 森林生态效益评价的研究进展[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2003,25(6): 77-83. [27] 蒋忠诚,李先琨,胡宝清. 广西岩溶山区石漠化及其综合治理研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011. [28] 李仕蓉,张军以. 贵州喀斯特山区农村庭院循环经济发展模式研究[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2012,33(6): 692-695. [29] 左太安. 贵州喀斯特石漠化治理模式类型及典型治理模式对比研究[D]. 重庆师范大学, 2010. [30] 熊康宁,李晋,龙明忠. 典型喀斯特石漠化治理区水土流失特征与关键问题[J]. 地理学报, 2012,67(7): 878-888. [31] 丁四保,王昱,卢艳丽,等. 主题功能区划与区域生态补偿问题研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012. [32] 纳列什?辛格,乔纳森?吉尔曼,祝东力. 让生计可持续[J]. 国际社会科学杂志(中文版), 2000, 17(4): 123-129. [33] 丁四保,王昱. 区域生态补偿的基础理论与实践问题研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010: 28-29. [34] 吕仕洪,李先琨,陆树华,等. 广西岩溶乡土树种育苗及造林研究[J]. 广西科学, 2006, 13(3): 236-240. [35] 刘代军,涂波,施松梅,等. 石漠化地区的生态危机及菌根桑生物修复潜力研究进展[J]. 中国岩溶, 2012, 31(2): 185-190. [36] 张天汉,代玉,王智慧,等. 贵州关岭县喀斯特峰丛石漠区苔藓群落生态特征[J]. 中国岩溶, 2014, 33(2): 192-200. [37] 广西西南喀斯特生物多样性编委会. 广西西南喀斯特生物多样性[M]. 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社, 2011. [38] 曹坤芳,付培立,陈亚军,等. 热带岩溶植物生理生态适应性对于南方石漠化土地生态重建的启示[J]. 中国科学:生命科学, 2014, 44(3): 238-247. [39] 苏维词,张贵平. 地表起伏对区域发展成本影响浅析:以贵州为例[J]. 经济研究导刊, 2012,152(6): 144-146.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 2577
- HTML浏览量: 384
- PDF下载量: 1492
- 被引次数: 0