Current status and treatment of rocky desertification in key eastern areas of the Nandong subterranean river system
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摘要: 为了探讨南洞流域东部重点区石漠化现状及其治理对策，通过遥感数据分析结果并结合地面实地调查验证，对云南南洞流域东部重点区石漠化分布特征、成因、危害及其区域林地生态环境质量状况进行了分析。结果表明，南洞流域东部重点区石漠化面积占岩溶区面积的17.2%，集中分布于大庄盆地西北部，以轻度石漠化为主，轻度、中度、重度石漠化的面积比例约为7∶3∶1，石漠化与水土流失问题突出，岩溶区林地生态环境质量等级以三级、四级为主，占区域总面积的53.77%，整体水平较低，且明显低于区内的非岩溶地区林地。粗放型畜牧和农耕方式是导致区内石漠化形成和加剧的最重要因素。提出休垦弃焚、恢复次生植被、合理开发利用土地资源、优化农林畜牧产业结构，实施林草建设工程、草食畜牧业工程、水利水保设施工程，建立保障制度和监督机制，开展全面的石漠化综合治理对策，以确保区域生态恢复、农林畜牧经济健康发展及南洞地下河流域生态安全和水资源开发利用。Abstract: To determine the current status and treatment of rocky desertification in eastern focus areas in the Nandong subterranean river system, the locations and causes of the rocky desertification, as well as the quality of the eco-environment quality in the regional forest, were analyzed via remote sensing interpretation and field investigation. Research revealed that rocky desertification areas account for 17.2% of the area of karst regions in the study sites. The rocky desertification was predominately mild, and it was mainly located in the northwest Dazhuang basin. The problems of soil erosion were particularly serious in conjunction with rocky desertification. The quality of the eco-environment of the forest land in the karst area was mainly grade three and four, accounting for 53.77% of the study area. The quality of the eco-environment was relatively low, and obviously lower than that in non-karst areas. The primary factors affecting the formation and intensity of rocky desertification were farming methods and extensive animal husbandry. To ensure that the regional ecological agriculture, economic development and the underground water environment improve, something must be done to stop deforestation by farmers and to prohibit reclamation of wasteland. It is very important and necessary to recover vegetation and rehabilitate burnt slopes. Moreover, further research into rocky desertification in the eastern focus areas of the Nandong subterranean river system is needed to study not only the relationship between rocky desertification and the natural environment, but also special engineering and biological measures in karst areas, particularly methods of natural rehabilitation of karst rocky desertification.
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