桂林会仙岩溶湿地水位动态特征及水文生态效应
Dynamic characteristics of water Level and hydro-ecological effects in Huixian karst wetland in Guilin
-
摘要: 会仙湿地是我国最大的岩溶湿地,具有重要的生态环境功能。近年来湿地面积萎缩、退化趋势显著,生态环境逐步恶化。从湿地水文过程的角度,基于野外定点监测数据,运用统计学方法研究了会仙湿地年季水位分布特征及其对降水的响应过程,分析了湿地内地下水与地表水的转换关系,并进一步讨论了湿地水位波动对生态环境的影响。结果表明:会仙湿地地表、地下水位存在显著的空间差异性,两者均对降水响应迅速,多峰多谷特征显著。湿地中部地表水位较边缘区稳定,各区地表水域相互贯通;地下水位变化受地势、降水、岩溶发育及第四系厚度等因素影响,表现出与地表水相似的变化特征,但其水位变幅自补给到排泄区逐渐降低。区内地表、地下水转换频繁、水力联系紧密,湿地地下水常年以一稳定强度补给地表水,是会仙湿地重要的补给水源。Pearson相关性分析表明,湿地地表水位与水体电导率呈显著负相关(R=-0.780 8),水位下降期间水体营养盐浓度增高,可能诱发水体富营养化;而湿地地下水位与浅层土壤含水量的相关性不显著,对湿地生境的扰动较小。Abstract: Huixian wetland is the largest karst wetland in China, which has important ecological and environmental functions. In recent years, the wetland has been shrinking and degrading significantly, and the ecological environment has gradually deteriorated. From the perspective of the hydrological process of wetland, based on the field fixed-point monitoring data, the seasonal water level distribution characteristics and its response to precipitation in Huixian Wetland were studied by statistical method. The conversion relationship between groundwater and surface water in wetland was analyzed, and the impact of fluctuation of wetland water level on ecological environment was further discussed. The results showed that the surface and groundwater levels of Huixian Wetland had significant spatial differences. Both of them responded rapidly to precipitation, and had significant multi-peak and multi-valley characteristics. The surface water level in the middle part of wetland was more stable than that in the marginal area, and the surface water areas in each area were connected with each other. The variation of groundwater level was affected by the topography, precipitation, karst development and Quaternary thickness, which showed similar characteristics to surface water, but the variation of water level gradually decreased from self-recharge to drainage area. Surface water and groundwater were closely related. Groundwater was an important recharge source for Huixian Wetland, which supplied surface water with a stable intensity all the year round. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between surface water level and water conductivity (R=-0.7808). The increase of nutrient concentration during the decline of water level may induce eutrophication of water body. However, the correlation between groundwater level and shallow soil water content was not significant, and the disturbance to wetland habitat was small.
-
Key words:
- karst wetland /
- surface water level /
- groundwater level /
- ecological effect
-
[1] 蔡德所,马祖陆,蒋忠诚,等.会仙岩溶湿地生态系统研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2012. [2] 邓伟,潘响亮,栾兆擎.湿地水文学研究进展[J].水科学进展,2003,14(4):521-527. [3] 王兴菊,许士国,张奇.湿地水文研究进展综述[J].水文,2006,26(4):1-9. [4] 马金妍. 崇明东滩围垦区湿地水位与土壤对芦苇生长和繁殖的影响[D]. 上海:华东师范大学,2010. [5] Gyurácz J, Bánhidi P, Csuka A.Successful restoration of water level and surface area restored migrant bird populations in a Hungarian wetland[J]. Biologia,2011,66(6): 1177-1182. [6] Wilcox D A. Response of wetland vegetation to the post-1986 decrease in Lake St. Clair water levels: Seed-bank emergence and beginnings of the Phragmites australis invasion[J].Journal of great lakes research,2012,38(2):270-277. [7] Moran J,Sheehy Skeffington M, Gormally M.The influence of hydrological regime and grazing management on the plant communities of a karst wetland (Skealoghan turlough) in Ireland[J]. Applied Vegetation Science,2008, 11:13-24. [8] Grabas G P, Rokitnicki-Wojcik D. Characterizing daily water-level fluctuation intensity and water quality relationships with plant communities in Lake Ontario coastal wetlands[J]. Journal of Great Lakes Research,2015,41:136-144. [9] You H L, Xu L G,Liu G L,et al.Effects of inter-annual water level fluctuations on vegetation evolution in typical wetlands of Poyang Lake, China[J]. Wetlands ,2015,35:931-943. [10] 万洪秀,孙占东,王润. 博斯腾湖水位变动对湿地生态环境的影响[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(2):260-266. [11] Dai X, Wan R R, Yang G S,et al. Responses of wetland vegetation in Poyang Lake, China to water-level fluctuations[J]. Hydrobiologia ,2016, 773:35-47. [12] 徐广平,李艳琼,沈育伊,等. 桂林会仙喀斯特湿地水位梯度下不同植物群落土壤有机碳及其组分特征[J].环境科学,2019,40(3):1491-1503. [13] 宋涛,于晓英,邹胜章,等.岩溶湿地退化评价指标体系构建初探[J].中国岩溶,2020,39(5):673-681. [14] 栗圆圆. 桂林会仙岩溶湿地水文过程初步研究[D].桂林: 桂林工学院,2008. [15] 韦锋.桂林会仙喀斯特湿地生物多样性及保护研究[D].桂林: 广西师范大学,2010. [16] Li Z Y,Jin Z J,Li Q. Changes in land use and their effects on soil properties in Huixian karst wetland system[J]. Pol. J. Environ. Stud, 2017,26(2):699-707. [17] 张莹,刘畅,宋昂,等.基于典范对应分析的会仙岩溶湿地土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性关系研究[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(1):11-18. [18] 彭聪,潘晓东,焦友军,等. 多种同位素手段的硝酸盐污染源解析: 以会仙湿地为例[J].环境科学,2018,39(12):5410-5417. [19] 赵一,邹胜章,申豪勇,等.会仙湿地岩溶地下水系统水位动态特征与均衡分析[J].中国岩溶,2021,(2):325-333. [20] 陈宜瑜,吕宪国. 湿地功能与湿地科学的研究方向[J].湿地科学,2003,1(1):7-11. [21] 刘仙,蒋勇军,叶明阳,等. 典型岩溶槽谷区地下河水文动态响应研究:以重庆青木关地下河为例[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(2):149-154. [22] 陈敏建,王立群,丰华丽,等. 湿地生态水文结构理论与分析[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2887-2893. [23] 崔保山,蔡燕子,谢湉, 等. 湿地水文连通的生态效应研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(6) :738-746. [24] 章光新,武瑶,吴燕锋,等. 湿地生态水文学研究综述[J].水科学进展,2018,29(5):737-749. [25] 王兴菊. 寒区湿地演变驱动因子及其水文生态响应研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2008. [26] Wang D,Zhang Y,Pang B,et al.Study on dynamic characteristics between the biomass of Phragmites communis and water depth at Taihu wetland in Suzhou[J].Environmental Pollution &Control,2010,32(7):49-54. [27] Xu X L,Zhang Q,Tan Z Q,et al.Effects of water-table depth and soil moisture on plant biomass, diversity,and distribution at a seasonally flooded wetland of Poyang Lake,China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science,2015,25(6): 739-756. [28] 滕良慧.全球气候变化背景下金川泥炭沼泽湿地水文动态及影响因素研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2016. [29] Van Bodegom P M,Oosthoek A,Broekman R ,et al.Raising groundwater differentially affects mineralization andplant species abundance in dune slacks[J]. Ecological Applications,2006,16(5): 1785-1795. [30] Cui B S,Yang Q C,Zhang K J,et al. Responses of saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) to water table depth and soil salinity in the Yellow River Delta,China[J].Plant Ecology,2010,209(2):279-290. [31] 靳振江,程亚平,李强,等. 会仙喀斯特溶洞湿地、稻田和旱田土壤有机碳含量及其与养分的关系[J].湿地科学,2014,12(4):485-490. [32] 郭小娇,龚晓萍,汤庆佳,等.典型岩溶山坡土壤剖面水分对降雨响应过程研究[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(6):629-638.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1335
- HTML浏览量: 613
- PDF下载量: 74
- 被引次数: 0