陕西宁强禅家岩天坑群喀斯特地质遗迹特征及成因
Features of geological relics and genesis of the Chanjiayan Tiankeng group in Ningqiang, Shaanxi Province
-
摘要: 陕西宁强禅家岩天坑群是汉中天坑群中 4 个相对独立的喀斯特系统之一,位于扬子陆块北缘,发育有多样的地质遗迹。文章通过大量野外勘测,总结出陕西宁强禅家岩天坑群地质遗迹的分布特点,并分析了主要地质遗迹的基本特征及形成原因,以揭示南北过渡带峡谷地貌下喀斯特的形成及演化机理。结果表明:(1)研究区形成了以天坑、台原、溶洞、峡谷以及次生化学沉积物为特色的2大类4类5亚类的地质遗迹;(2)区内喀斯特地貌典型,天坑和溶洞最为发育;(3)受峡谷深切影响,研究区内形成有4个地表喀斯特台原,其均具有相对独立的喀斯特水文地质特征,而天坑和竖井均已进入退化期;(4)在地层、岩性和构造多因素作用下,区内天坑孕育于新构造运动时期。Abstract: The Tiankeng group in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province is located in the northernmost of the humid tropics and subtropics between 32°N to 33°N, adjacent to the Hanzhong basin and the Qinling orogenic belt in the north and the central Sichuan uplift belt in the south. It is a unique and typical window karst type with complete karst system, good ecological environment and unique landscape. It is praised as "the great geographical discovery of the 21st century" by National Geography of China. This geologic feature has important scientific values for the comparative analysis of paleogeographic environments and climate change in north and south China and even in the world.The Tiankeng group of Chanjiayan in Ningqiang , Shaanxi Province is one of the four relatively independent karst systems in the Tiankeng group of Hanzhong, which lies in the northern margin of the Yangtze block. Bounded by the Dazhuba-Xinji fault (F1), in the north it belongs to the foreland thrust fold zone of Longmen mountains in Ningqiang; and in the south, it is part of the thrust syncline fold belt with nearly EW-trending Liping fault in the Hannan-Micangshan uplift area, which hosts various geological relics in complex geomorphology. Through a lot of field investigations, this paper sorts out the distribution characteristics of the geological relics and analyzes the basic characteristics and the causes of the main geological relics to reveal the formation and evolution mechanism of karst under the canyon landform in the north-south transitional zone. Results show that, (1) The geological relics of the Tiankeng group in the Chanjiayan area can be classified into 2 major groups, 4 types and 5 sub-types, which are characterized by Tiankeng, platforms, karst caves, canyons and secondary chemical sediments. (2)The karst landform is typical, in which Tiankeng and karst cave developed very well. (3) Affected by deep canyons, there are four surface karst platforms in the study area, all of which have relatively independent karst hydrogeological characteristics, and the Tiankeng and shaft have entered the degradation period. (4)Tiankeng was generated during the Neotectonics under the action of strata, lithology and structure.
-
Key words:
- Tiankeng group in Chanjiayan /
- geological relics /
- genesis analysis /
- Ningqiang
-
[1] 苟润祥,罗乾周,张俊良,等.汉中天坑群的发现及价值[J].地质通报,2018,37(1):165. [2] 洪增林,薛旭平,李新林.陕西汉中天坑群研究的系统方法思考[J].地球科学与环境学报,2018, 40(6):787-793. [3] 罗乾周,张俊良,李益朝,等.陕西汉中天坑群形成条件与分布规律[J].中国岩溶,2019,38(2):281-291. [4] 陈清敏,王喆,张丽,等.汉中罗汉洞宇宙成因核素26Al/10Be埋藏年龄[J].第四纪研究,2018,38(3):688-694. [5] 朱学隐,朱德浩,黄保健,等.喀斯特天坑略论[J].中国岩溶,2003,22(1):51-65. [6] 税伟,陈毅萍,王雅文,等.中国喀斯特天坑研究起源、进展与展望[J].地理学报,2015,70(3):431-446. [7] Su Y Q , Tang Q M , Mo F Y , et al. Karst tiankengs as refugia for indigenous tree flora amidst a degraded landscape in southwestern China[J]. Scientific Reports,2017, 7(1):1-10. [8] 吴金,张朝晖.贵州喀斯特天坑的研究现状与展望[J].中国岩溶,2020,39(1):119-126. [9] 江聪,税伟,简小枚,等.西南喀斯特退化天坑负地形倒石坡的土壤微生物分布特征[J].生态学报,2019, 39(15):5642-5652. [10] 洪增林,任娟刚,罗乾周,等.汉中天坑群—二十一世纪地理大发现[M].西安:陕西师范大学出版总社,2019. [11] 李炳元,潘保田,程维明,等.中国地貌区划新论[J].地理学报,2013, 68(3):291-306. [12] 杨起超.陕西省汉中地区地理志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1993:57-76. [13] 陈高潮,张俊良,王炬川,等.1:25万南江幅区域地质调查(修测)成果报告[R].西安:陕西省地质调查院,2008. [14] 汪新伟,沃玉进,周雁,等.上扬子地区褶皱—冲断带的运动学特征[J].地学前缘,2010,17(3):200-212. [15] 吴新斌,李营西,何军,等.1:5万宁强幅(I48E020018)地质图说明书[R].汉中:陕西省地质矿产勘查开发局汉中地质大队,2012. [16] 张远海.关于几个喀斯特负地形概念的解释[C]//全国洞穴学术会议,2011:205-207. [17] 安丹,周忠发,薛冰清,等.贵州九洞天洞穴系统空间分布特征及地貌演化过程探讨[J].中国岩溶,2019,38(6):967-976. [18] 夏凯生,袁道先,谢世友,等.乌江下游岩溶地貌形态特征初探:以重庆武隆及其邻近地区为例[J]. 中国岩溶,2010,29(2):196-204. [19] 李勇,孙爱珍.龙门山造山带构造地层学研究[J].地层学杂志,2000,24(3):201-206. [20] 陈宏峰,张发旺,何愿,等.地质与地貌条件对岩溶系统的控制与指示[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(5):42-47.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1701
- HTML浏览量: 605
- PDF下载量: 163
- 被引次数: 0